Abstract: The present invention provides a solid electrolyte type fuel cell that can control a cross-over, and implements the high fuel efficiency and the high output of the fuel cell. A substance is dissolved to a fuel 124, and does not permeate a solid polymeric electrolyte film 114. Because of this, on an interface between the solid polymeric electrolyte film 114 and the fuel 124 in a fuel electrode 102, an osmotic pressure in a direction from an oxide agent electrode 108 to a fuel electrode 102 is generated. Because of this, the water movement from the fuel electrode 102 side to the oxidizing agent electrode 108 side is controlled, and the cross-over of the fuel is controllable.

Abstract: A liquid fuel for a fuel cell comprises an organic compound and at least one kind of anti foaming agent. A catalyst electrode is capable of, when used for a fuel cell, increasing in an effective surface area of a fuel electrode and increasing in an output power of the fuel cell, by suppressing adsorption onto the surface of the electrode of an air which is a by-product produced at the fuel electrode as well as by quickly removing the foamed air which is once adsorbed thereto.

Abstract: To provide a liquid fuel supply type fuel cell in which water present in the oxidizer electrode is promptly removed and evaporated, thereby achieving high output, a fuel cell electrode, and methods for manufacturing the same. In a fuel cell 100, a base material 110 is provided with a hydrophobic layer 441 on the surface in contact with a catalyst layer 112 for discharging water promptly, and a hydrophilic layer 443 from the hydrophobic layer 441 towards the outside of the cell for evaporating water which has passed through the hydrophobic layer 441 from the surface.

Abstract: Electric power is supplied from a fuel cell to a portable personal computer (210) having a heat-producing section (212) which generates heat during operation. The fuel cell includes electrolyte, a fuel electrode and an oxidant electrode arranged to sandwich the electrolyte, and a fuel supply section capable of supplying fuel which has absorbed heat of the heat-producing section (212) to the fuel electrode. The fuel supply section removes the heat from the heat-producing section (212) by supplying fuel to the fuel electrode when the fuel is heated by heat exchange. Thus, it is possible to improve the battery efficiency of the fuel cell and suppress increase of the temperature of the heat-producing section.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fuel cell system capable of supplying a stable power. In a fuel cell system, a plurality of fuel cell groups which supply a power to an external load are mutually electrically connected in series, as well as electrically connected to the external load. At least one fuel cell group is selected out of the plurality of fuel cell groups, and the selected fuel cell group is electrically disconnected from the external load.

Abstract: An adhesion layer containing a second solid polymer electrolyte is disposed between a solid polymer electrolyte membrane and a fuel electrode and/or an oxidant electrode containing a first solid polymer electrolyte and a catalyst substance. The solid polymer electrolyte membrane and the adhesion layer are made of the same solid polymer electrolyte. In this manner, the adhesion at the interface between the electrode surface and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane is enhanced to implement the elevation of the cell characteristics and the elevation of the reliability of the cell.

Abstract: Compounds are expressed by general formula of AxBC2−y where 0≦x≦2 and 0≦y<1, and have CdI2 analogous layer structures; A-site is occupied by at least one element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Ir, Pt, Au, Sc, rare earth elements containing Y, B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Sn, Pb and Bi; B-site is occupied by at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W, Ir, and Sn; C-site is occupied by at least one element selected from the group consisting of S, Se and Te; the compounds exhibit large figure of merit so as to be preferable for thermoelectric generator/refrigerator.

Abstract: A plurality of fuel electrodes are disposed on one surface of a common solid polyelectrolyte membrane, while a plurality of oxidizer electrodes are disposed on the other surface of the same to create a plurality of unit cells, which share the solid polyelectrolyte membrane. These unit cells are electrically connected through connection electrode. A groove is formed in a region of the solid polyelectrolyte membrane between adjacent unit cells. This groove limits the migration of hydrogen ions to adjacent unit cells to prevent reduction in voltage. The resulting solid polymer fuel cell provided in this way, which is simple in structure and of a small size and a small thickness, can provide high power.

Abstract: A solid polymer electrolyte-catalyst combined electrode which comprises a solid polymer electrolyte and carbon particles carrying a catalytic material. The solid polymer fuel cell electrode contains carbon particles which are monolayer carbon nano-horn aggregates. The monolayer carbon nano-horns are made up of monolayer carbon nano-tubes of a specific structures each having a conical shape at one end, and are aggregated spherically. A solid polymer fuel cell using the electrode is also provided.

Abstract: A plurality of fuel electrodes are disposed on one surface of a solid polyelectrolyte membrane, while a plurality of oxidizer electrodes are disposed on the other surface of the same to create a plurality of unit cells which share the solid polyelectrolyte membrane. These unit cells are electrically connected through connection electrode extending through the solid polyelectrolyte membrane. A groove is formed in a region of the solid polyelectrolyte membrane between adjacent unit cells. This groove limits the migration of hydrogen ions to adjacent unit cells to prevent a reduction in voltage. The resulting solid polymer fuel cell, which is in a simple structure and reduced in size, can provide high power.

Abstract: A portable telephone set includes an image pickup unit, an input terminal for inputting an image from the outside, a display unit for displaying an image, an image input switching key for performing a switching operation in which any one of an image photographed by the image pickup unit and the image input from the input terminal is displayed on the display unit and transmitted from the portable telephone set, and an output terminal for outputting the image photographed by the image pickup unit. The image pickup unit is detachably connected to a portable telephone body by a plug and a jack, whereby there is provided such a portable telephone set which is capable of photographing and transmitting an image by only the portable telephone set and easily performing photographing at a desired angle even during speech communication using the portable telephone set.

Abstract: In an infrared ray sensor for a bolometer, a bridge structure body, a resistive element film for the bolometer, and a protection film is formed via a space on a substrate, and is formed into a solution form by dissolving metal organic compound into solvent. The solution is applied and dried. A laser ray is irradiated for the solution with wavelength of 400 nm or less. A bond between carbon and oxygen is decomposed and cut to thereby form an oxide thin-film.

Abstract: An oxide for use in a bolometer with an oxide thin-film formed is manufactured on an insulating substrate. Metal organic compound is dissolved in solvent to form solution during manufacturing the oxide thin-film. The solution is applied on the insulating substrate, and the applied solution is dried. A bond between carbon and oxygen is cut and decomposed by irradiating a laser ray with wavelength of 400 nm or less. A generated oxide is crystallized.

Abstract: Compounds are expressed by general formula of AxBC2−y where 0≦x≦2 and 0≦y<1, and have CdI2 analogous layer structures; A-site is occupied by at least one element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Ir, Pt, Au, Sc, rare earth elements containing Y, B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Sn, Pb and Bi; B-site is occupied by at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W, Ir, and Sn; C-site is occupied by at least one element selected from the group consisting of S, Se and Te; the compounds exhibit large figure of merit so as to be preferable for thermoelectric generator/refrigerator.

Abstract: An oxide for use in a bolometer with an oxide thin-film formed is manufactured on an insulating substrate. Metal organic compound is dissolved in solvent to form solution during manufacturing the oxide thin-film. The solution is applied on the insulating substrate, and the applied solution is dried. A bond between carbon and oxygen is cut and decomposed by irradiating a laser ray with wavelength of 400 nm or less. A generated oxide is crystallized.

Abstract: In an infrared ray sensor for a bolometer, a bridge structure body, a resistive element film for the bolometer, and a protection film is formed via a space on a substrate, and is formed into a solution form by dissolving metal organic compound into solvent. The solution is applied and dried. A laser ray is irradiated for the solution with wavelength of 400 nm or less. A bond between carbon and oxygen is decomposed and cut to thereby form an oxide thin-film.

Abstract: A heat controller has a composite material formed by combining a base material radiating a large amount of heat at a high-temperature phase with a phase-change substance having insulation properties at a high-temperature phase, having metallic properties at a low-temperature phase, radiating a small amount of heat at a low-temperature phase, and having a high reflectivity in the thermal infrared region at a low-temperature phase, so as to control the temperature of an object.

Abstract: A compound magnetoresistance effect material which is an oxide containing thallium(Tl) and manganese(Mn); wherein the oxide has a composition of Tl.sub.2 Mn.sub.2 O.sub.y where y represents seven or a value near to seven which varies depending on a combination of components of the oxide, a composition ratio between the components and conditions in synthesis of the oxide and has a pyrochlore structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound magnetoresistive material having a perovskite related structure and being represented by M1.sub.m M2.sub.n+1 M3.sub.n Z.sub.y, where: M1 is a first metal comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of Tl, Bi, Pb, and Hg; M2 is a second metal comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metals; M3 is a third metal comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Os, and Ru; Z is one selected from the group consisting of oxygen and anions in which some oxygen elements are replaced by Oh, F, B, Cl, Br, S, Se and Te; m is equal to 1 or 2; 1.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.4; y is variable and depends upon a kind of elements constituting the perovskite related structure, a ratio of composition thereof, and synthesis conditions thereof.

Abstract: A magnetometric sensor has a wide p-portion formed of almost perfectly spin-polarized material, a wide d-portion also formed of almost perfectly spin-polarized material different in coercive force and a narrow n-portion provided between the wide p-portion and the wide d-portion formed of the almost perfectly spin-polarized material or non-magnetic material, and one of the p-portion and the d-portion changes the spin axes of the conduction electrons in the opposite direction to the other in the presence of a magnetic field for providing a potential gap between the Fermi surface of the p-portion and the Fermi surface of the d-portion, thereby causing electric current to change the amount thereof.