Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing titanium oxide (TiO2)-tin oxide (SnO2) composite sol, a titanium oxide (TiO2)-zirconium oxide (ZrO2)-tin oxide (SnO2) composite sol, and a titanium oxide (TiO2)-cerium oxide (CeO2)-tin oxide (SnO2) composite sol. Further, the present invention relates to a coating composition containing any of the above-mentioned composite sols for forming coating films that are excellent in marring resistance, surface hardness, wearing resistance, transparency, heat resistance, light-resistant, weatherability, or water resistance on optical elements such as lenses for glasses and cameras, automotive windowpane, or optical filters attached to liquid-crystal displays, plasma displays, etc. and to optical elements having a cured film of the coating composition on the surfaces.

Abstract: A sol comprising silica-magnesium fluoride hydrate composite colloidal particles used in an anti-reflection coating material for forming an anti-reflection coating and a process for its preparation are provided. A sol comprising silica-magnesium fluoride hydrate composite colloidal particles having a ratio of silica to magnesium fluoride hydrate MgF2.nH2O, n being in the range between 0.25 and 0.5, in terms of a SiO2/MgF2 weight ratio of from 0.01 to 5 and a primary particle size of 5 to 50 nm. A process for the preparation of an aqueous sol comprising silica-magnesium fluoride hydrate composite colloidal particles which comprises the steps of adding an aqueous fluoride solution to a mixture liquid of a silica sol and an aqueous magnesium salt solution to produce a slurry of an agglomerate comprising silica-magnesium fluoride hydrate composite colloidal particles and removing the salts formed as by-products.

Abstract: A sol having dispersed in a liquid medium particles of a hydrated zinc stannate having a primary particle diameter of from 2 to 200 nm and represented by the formula xZnO.multidot.ySnO.sub.2 .multidot.zH.sub.2 O wherein the molar ratio of x:y:z is 1:0.83 to 1.43:1.00 to 5.00.

Abstract: A sol having dispersed in a liquid medium particles of a hydrated zinc stannate having a primary particle diameter of from 2 to 200 nm and represented by the formula xZnO.ySnO.sub.2.zH.sub.2 O wherein the molar ratio of x:y:z is 1:0.83 to 1.43:1.00 to 5.00.

Abstract: The invention relates to coating compositions employing zinc antimonate anhydride comprising zinc antimonate anhydride particles and a liquid of a part-hydrolyzed silane coupling agent, a liquid of hydrolyzed ethylsilicate, a liquid of hydrolyzed methylsilicate, or a resin emulsion. The zinc antimonate anhydride particle having a ZnO/Sb.sub.2 O.sub.5 molar ratio in a range of from 0.8 to 1.2, a crystal structure of zinc antimonate anhydride (Zn Sb.sub.2 0.sub.5), and a primary particle size in a range of from 5 to 500 nm. The particle production method comprises the steps of mixing a zinc compound with a colloidal antimony oxide at a ZnO/Sb.sub.2 O.sub.5 molar rate in a range of from 0.8 to 1.2, followed by calcining the mixture within a temperature range of from 500 to 1100.degree. C. The particles are applicable as a flame retardant for plastics, a smoke suppressant, antistatic agent for plastics and glasses, and resistor.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for producing polyarylene sulfide continuously, comprising; 1) polymerization step wherein polyarylene sulfide is polymerized from a sulfur compound in the liquid or gas state and a dihalogenated aromatic compound in non-protonic organic solvent, 2) separation step wherein mixture of the polymerization solution and the washing solution is separated into the polymer phase and the solvent phase, and in said separation step said polymer phase is continuously taken out in the liquid state. The method of this invention makes it possible to produce polyarylene sulfide of high purity that it is suitable for molding and injection molding of the seat, the film, the fiber, etc. for the electronic and electric material field etc., with high-molecular-weight and low content of by-products, efficiently and economically.

Abstract: A sol having dispersed in a liquid medium particles of a hydrated zinc stannate having a primary particle diameter of from 2 to 200 nm and represented by the formula xZnO.ySnO.sub.2.zH.sub.2 O wherein the molar ratio of x:y:z is 1:0.83 to 1.43:1.00 to 5.00.

Abstract: A sol comprising colloidal particles of sodium magnesium fluoride (NaF.MgF.sub.2) having an average particle diameter of from 10 to 100 nm.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing polyarylene sulfide is disclosed. At least the major part of the apparatus which comes into contact with liquid materials is made of the alloy containing nickel and chromium as essential components, or the two phase stainless steel, possessing the following characteristics (A) and/or (B):The characteristic (A): the characteristic of exhibiting a degree of surface corrosion of 3 .mu.m/y or less when immersed in a 3.6 mol/kg solution of lithium hydrosulfide in a non-proton organic solvent at 130.degree. C. for 90 days, while this solution is replaced with a fresh solution once every 30 days.The characteristic (B): the characteristic of exhibiting a degree of surface corrosion of 10 .mu.m/y or less when immersed in a 3.6 mol/kg solution of lithium chloride in a non-proton organic solvent at 260.degree. C. for 90 days, while this solution is replaced with a fresh solution once every 30 days.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a zinc antimonate anhydride and a production method thereof. The invention relates to a particle having a ZnO/Sb.sub.2 O.sub.5 molar ratio in a range of from 0.8 to 1.2, a crystal structure of zinc antimonate anhydride (Znsb.sub.2 O.sub.6), and a primary particle size in a range of from 5 to 500 nm. The production method of these particles comprises the steps of mixing a zinc compound with a colloidal antimony oxide at a ZnO/Sb.sub.2 O.sub.5 molar rate in a range of from 0.8 to 1.2, followed by calcining the mixture within a temperature range of from 500.degree. to 1100.degree. C. The particles of this invention are applicable as a flame retardant for plastics, a smoke suppressant, antistatic agent for plastics and glasses, and resistor.

Abstract: A process for producing polymer particles from an organic solvent solution of a polymer, which includes: (a) initially introducing polymer particles into a particle producing zone, (b) introducing an organic solvent solution containing an organic solvent and having a polymer concentration of 3 to 70% by weight, onto the polymer particles which are maintained in the particle producing zone, the particle producing zone not substantially containing steam, the organic solvent solution being added in an amount of not more than 250% by weight per hour based on the amount of the polymer particles which are initially held in the particle producing zone, and stirring the polymer particles under conditions in which the organic solvent would be vaporized, (c) separately introducing a poor solvent for the polymer into the particle producing zone, the poor solvent being selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, xylene, pentane, hexane, octane, acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, the poor solvent being in an amo

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a zinc antimonate anhydride and a production method thereof. The invention relates to a particle having a ZnO/Sb.sub.2 O.sub.5 molar ratio in a range of from 0.8 to 1.2, a crystal structure of zinc antimonate anhydride (Znsb.sub.2 O.sub.6), and a primary particle size in a range of from 5 to 500 nm. The production method of these particles comprises the steps of mixing a zinc compound with a colloidal antimony oxide at a ZnO/Sb.sub.2 O.sub.5 molar rate in a range of from 0.8 to 1.2, followed by calcining the mixture within a temperature range of from 500.degree. to 680.degree. C. The particles of this invention are applicable as a flame retardant for plastics, a smoke suppressant, antistatic agent for plastics and glasses, and resistor.

Abstract: A sol comprising colloidal particles of sodium magnesium fluoride (NaF.MgF.sub.2) having an average particle diameter of from 10 to 100 nm.

Abstract: A process for efficiently manufacturing high purity polyarylene sulfide. The process comprises feeding a liquid or gaseous sulfur compound (e.g. hydrogen sulfide) to a mixture comprising lithium hydroxide and a non-lithium hydroxide solid compound (e.g. alkali metal chloride or alkaline earth metal chloride) in a non-protonic organic solvent (e.g. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), separating the alkali metal chloride or alkaline earth metal chloride, adjusting the sulfur content of the reaction mixture, feeding a dihalogeno aromatic compound e.g. p-dichlorobenzene) to effect a polycondensation reaction, and adding of an alkali metal hydroxide (e.g. sodium hydroxide) to recover lithium ion.

Abstract: An efficient method of obtaining polymer particles by evaporating an organic solvent while maintaining a solution of a polymer in the organic solvent in contact with polymer particles, using a simple apparatus and a simple procedure. The polymer particles (powder) produced by the method have a small particle diameter, a high bulk density, a small amount of residual solvent, and are thus excellent in quality. The method includes introducing the organic solvent solution of the polymer into a particle producing zone which does not substantially contain steam, wherein an atmosphere is maintained in which the organic solvent is vaporizable and the particles are stirred. The organic solvent is evaporated, while maintaining the solution in contact with the polymer particles. Additionally a breaker is used in combination with a mixer; a poor solvent is employed; polymer particles are recycled; or a horizontal particle producing vessel is utilized.

Abstract: A sol comprising colloidal particles of sodium magnesium fluoride (NaF.MgF.sub.2) having an average particle diameter of from 10 to 100 nm.

Abstract: A novel process for preparing lithium N-methylaminobutyrate, which is useful for preparation of poly(arylene sulfide) such as poly(phenylene sulfide). The process comprises reacting N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone with a hydroxide of an alkali metal other than lithium in an aprotic organic solvent, reacting the resulting reaction product mixture with lithium chloride after removing water therefrom and removing the alkali metal chloride formed as a by-product. According to this process, lithium N-methylaminobutyrate lithium free from alkali metal other than lithium, is easily prepared, which is easily recovered and recycled in the production of said polymers.

Abstract: A method for recovery of lithium chloride wherein a dihalogen aromatic compound is reacted with an alkali metal sulfide and/or an alkali metal hydrosulfide in a polar solvent in the presence of lithium chloride and wherein after polyarylene sulfide particles and a matter insoluble in the solvent are separated from the resulting mixture, lithium chloride is recovered from a residual solution, characterized in that lithium chloride in the residual solution is separated on crystallization. In this manner, high purity lithium chloride may be recovered at a lower cost by a simple equipment, whilst high quality polyarylene sulfide may be obtained.

Abstract: A process for preparing a polyarylene sulfide involves dehydrating a mixture of a hydrous sulfur source and an organic polar solvent under a reduced pressure in a rectification tower and contacting a dihalogen aromatic compound with a dehydrated sulfur source in the organic polar solvent.This process provides the polyarylene sulfide with a white color and a higher molecular weight.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for the recover of a solvent used in the production of a polyarylene sulfide according to which the deterioration of the solvent is low and the recovery rate is high, wherein a mixed liquid, mainly composed of the solvent used in the production of the polyarylene sulfide, and generated from the process of producing the polyarylene sulfide, is subjected to a flash evaporating operation to separate the mixed liquid into a flashed vapor (A) and a flashed residue (B), and then the flashed vapor is rectified (A).