Abstract: An optical modulator includes an optical waveguide of a ridge type formed of a thin film of a dielectric material having an electro-optic effect over a substrate, a buffer layer covering the optical waveguide, and a signal electrode provided over the optical waveguide via the buffer layer, wherein a width of the signal electrode is greater than a ridge width of the optical waveguide and wherein the signal electrode covers at least one of sidewalls of a ridge of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: An optical module includes a substrate on which an optical waveguide is provided; a housing that houses the substrate and includes a through path arranged on a side wall of the housing so as to extend in a direction that crosses the optical waveguide; a ferrule that houses an end portion of an optical fiber; and an optical path conversion element that is fixed on the ferrule, that is fixed on an end surface of the substrate on the end portion side of the optical waveguide, and that has a size smaller than a width of the substrate and a width of the ferrule along a longitudinal direction of the substrate. The end portion of the optical waveguide is arranged at a position close to the through path of the housing relative to a central portion in a width direction of the substrate.

Abstract: An optical modulator includes a substrate and an optical waveguide group. The optical waveguide group includes a pair of relay optical waveguides, a pair of first Mach-Zehnder type optical waveguides, and a pair of second Mach-Zehnder type optical waveguides. The pair of the first Mach-Zehnder type optical waveguides are connected to the pair of the relay optical waveguides and includes input ends arranged at positions that deviate from each other in a longitudinal direction of the substrate. The pair of the second Mach-Zehnder type optical waveguides are provided on a pair of branched waveguides of each of the first Mach-Zehnder type optical waveguides and includes input ends arranged at symmetric positions with respect to a straight line that passes through an input end serving as a branch point of the branched waveguides and that extends in the longitudinal direction of the substrate.

Abstract: An optical modulator includes a substrate having an electro-optic effect; a waveguide pattern provided on the substrate and configured to modulate light; and a dummy pattern having a predetermined potential along the waveguide pattern from an input side to an output side.

Abstract: An optical modulator connected to a first optical fiber and a second optical fiber arranged in parallel includes an optical-path changing unit that redirects light emerging from a tip of the first optical fiber toward a tip of the second optical fiber and an optical modulation chip that modulates the light redirected by the optical-path changing unit and outputs a light beam obtained by modulating the light to a tip of the second optical fiber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a discrimination method of tumor cells, which can distinguish between tumor cells and normal cells. By administering in vivo a fluorescent dye such as 5-aminolevurinic acid (ALA) and light scattering particles such as titanium oxide particles separately and by irradiating light, there can be obtained fluorescence of such an intensity that makes it possible to distinguish between the tumor cells and the normal cells more definitely than fluorescence obtained with the fluorescent dye alone. Furthermore, the fluorescence emission time is extended by administering in vivo the fluorescent dye and the light scattering particles separately.

Abstract: An optical modulator includes an optical modulator chip configured to optically modulate an optical signal using an electrical signal input thereto; and a relay substrate configured to relay and couple the electrical signal to the optical modulator chip. The optical modulator chip includes a signal electrode and a ground electrode for the electrical signal, formed along a waveguide for the optical signal. One end of the optical modulator chip is arranged to face the relay substrate. An electrode connection portion coupling the electrical signal to the relay substrate by wire is provided at the one end. A distance between a tip of one end of the signal electrode in the electrode connection portion and the end of the optical modulator chip is less than a distance between a tip of an end of the ground electrode in the electrode connection portion and the end of the optical modulator chip.

Abstract: An optical modulator includes: a ferroelectric substrate in which an input optical waveguide, a pair of branched optical waveguides, and an output optical waveguide are formed; a signal electrode that is formed in a vicinity of at least one of the pair of branched optical waveguides; a first protection member that is attached to an input end of the ferroelectric substrate in which the input optical waveguide is formed; and a second protection member that is attached to an output end of the ferroelectric substrate in which the output optical waveguide is formed. The first protection member and the second protection member have a Mohs hardness that is less than or equal to a Mohs hardness of the ferroelectric substrate, and are formed of a glass material that does not have a pyroelectric effect.

Abstract: An optical module includes a substrate on which an optical waveguide is formed, and an optical fiber assembly. The optical fiber assembly includes an optical fiber, a translucent member, and a mirror portion. The translucent member includes a joint surface joined to an end surface of the substrate at an end of the optical waveguide, and is attached to a distal end of the optical fiber. The mirror portion is formed on the translucent member, reflects light emitted from the distal end of the optical fiber in a direction different from a traveling direction of the light, and collects the reflected light into the end of the optical waveguide through the joint surface.

Abstract: An optical modulator includes a substrate having an electro-optic effect; a waveguide pattern provided on the substrate and configured to modulate light; and a dummy pattern having a predetermined potential along the waveguide pattern from an input side to an output side.

Abstract: An optical modulator connected to a first optical fiber and a second optical fiber arranged in parallel includes an optical-path changing unit that redirects light emerging from a tip of the first optical fiber toward a tip of the second optical fiber and an optical modulation chip that modulates the light redirected by the optical-path changing unit and outputs a light beam obtained by modulating the light to a tip of the second optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical module includes a substrate on which an optical waveguide is provided; a housing that houses the substrate and includes a through path arranged on a side wall of the housing so as to extend in a direction that crosses the optical waveguide; a ferrule that houses an end portion of an optical fiber; and an optical path conversion element that is fixed on the ferrule, that is fixed on an end surface of the substrate on the end portion side of the optical waveguide, and that has a size smaller than a width of the substrate and a width of the ferrule along a longitudinal direction of the substrate. The end portion of the optical waveguide is arranged at a position close to the through path of the housing relative to a central portion in a width direction of the substrate.

Abstract: An optical modulator includes a substrate and an optical waveguide group. The optical waveguide group includes a pair of relay optical waveguides, a pair of first Mach-Zehnder type optical waveguides, and a pair of second Mach-Zehnder type optical waveguides. The pair of the first Mach-Zehnder type optical waveguides are connected to the pair of the relay optical waveguides and includes input ends arranged at positions that deviate from each other in a longitudinal direction of the substrate. The pair of the second Mach-Zehnder type optical waveguides are provided on a pair of branched waveguides of each of the first Mach-Zehnder type optical waveguides and includes input ends arranged at symmetric positions with respect to a straight line that passes through an input end serving as a branch point of the branched waveguides and that extends in the longitudinal direction of the substrate.

Abstract: An optical modulator includes an optical modulator chip configured to optically modulate an optical signal using an electrical signal input thereto; and a relay substrate configured to relay and couple the electrical signal to the optical modulator chip. The optical modulator chip includes a signal electrode and a ground electrode for the electrical signal, formed along a waveguide for the optical signal. One end of the optical modulator chip is arranged to face the relay substrate. An electrode connection portion coupling the electrical signal to the relay substrate by wire is provided at the one end. A distance between a tip of one end of the signal electrode in the electrode connection portion and the end of the optical modulator chip is less than a distance between a tip of an end of the ground electrode in the electrode connection portion and the end of the optical modulator chip.

Abstract: An optical modulator includes: a ferroelectric substrate in which an input optical waveguide, a pair of branched optical waveguides, and an output optical waveguide are formed; a signal electrode that is formed in a vicinity of at least one of the pair of branched optical waveguides; a first protection member that is attached to an input end of the ferroelectric substrate in which the input optical waveguide is formed; and a second protection member that is attached to an output end of the ferroelectric substrate in which the output optical waveguide is formed. The first protection member and the second protection member have a Mohs hardness that is less than or equal to a Mohs hardness of the ferroelectric substrate, and are formed of a glass material that does not have a pyroelectric effect.

Abstract: An optical modulator module includes: a substrate in which a plurality of optical modulators are formed; a connector configured to include a plurality of terminals to which a plurality of signals for driving the plurality of optical modulators are input; and a relay board provided between the substrate and the connector. Each of the optical modulators includes an optical waveguide, a modulation electrode formed near the optical waveguide, and a feeder electrode electrically connected to one end of the modulation electrode. The terminals are arranged in parallel to a longitudinal direction of the substrate. Positions of respective ends of the modulation electrodes at which the respective feeder electrodes are electrically connected are the same as positions at which the respective terminals are provided in the longitudinal direction. Wiring patterns are formed on the relay board so as to electrically connect the terminals to the respective feeder electrodes.

Abstract: An optical module includes: a driver; an optical modulator; a connector that is electrically connected to either the driver or the optical modulator and is provided with an input/output terminal; and a flexible substrate that has flexibility, is connected to the connector, and transfers an electrical signal generated by the driver to the optical modulator, wherein in an end part connected to the connector, the flexible substrate has, on a first surface facing the input/output terminal, a signal-purpose wiring pattern used for transferring the electrical signal and a ground-purpose wiring pattern formed along the signal-purpose wiring pattern, and has, on a second surface that is different from the first surface, a ground electrode that partially covers the second surface and has a shorter electrical distance to the signal-purpose wiring pattern than an electrical distance between the signal-purpose wiring pattern and the ground-purpose wiring pattern.

Abstract: An optical module includes a package, a substrate, a lead pin, and a ground pattern. The substrate is accommodated in the package, includes a signal line pattern that transmits an electric signal, extends toward a side wall of the package beyond an end of the signal line pattern, and has a through hole between the end of the signal line pattern and the side wall of the package. The lead pin is inserted into the through hole in the substrate and inputs the electric signal to the end of the signal line pattern. The ground pattern is provided in at least a part of regions surrounding the through hole on the substrate.

Abstract: An optical modulator module includes: a substrate in which a plurality of optical modulators are formed; a connector configured to include a plurality of terminals to which a plurality of signals for driving the plurality of optical modulators are input; and a relay board provided between the substrate and the connector. Each of the optical modulators includes an optical waveguide, a modulation electrode formed near the optical waveguide, and a feeder electrode electrically connected to one end of the modulation electrode. The terminals are arranged in parallel to a longitudinal direction of the substrate. Positions of respective ends of the modulation electrodes at which the respective feeder electrodes are electrically connected are the same as positions at which the respective terminals are provided in the longitudinal direction. Wiring patterns are formed on the relay board so as to electrically connect the terminals to the respective feeder electrodes.

Abstract: An agent for virus inactivation capable of exhibiting inactivation action based on structural destruction such as degradation and decomposition against viruses, which comprises a monovalent copper compound such as cuprous oxide, cuprous sulfide, cuprous iodide, and cuprous chloride as an active ingredient, and a virus inactivation material, which contains the agent for virus inactivation on a surface of a substrate and/or inside of the substrate.