Abstract: A training device includes a data acquirer that acquires training data including a first image of a first type and a second image of a second type that is different from the first type, a first trainer that repeats an epoch for causing the first image and the second image to be learned under a same condition multiple times, and a second trainer that repeats an epoch for training a trained learning model generated by the first trainer with a rate of error back-propagation in regard to the first image and a rate of error back-propagation in regard to the second image being made different from each other.

Abstract: A sensor is pressurized adjustably against a patient's wrist and detects a pressurized pulse wave of a radial artery in a noninvasive manner so as to measure blood pressure on an arm band wound around the patient's predetermined portion. A CPU calculates indices reflecting a reflecting phenomenon of a pulse wave as organism information different from the blood pressure based on the detected pulse waveform, and relates the measured blood pressure value with calculated indices so as to display them on an indicator. A doctor checks displayed contents so as to clearly understand a state of a circulatory system represented by a correlation between the patient's blood pressure and the indices so as to be capable of obtaining information which supports a diagnosis and prescription quickly.

Abstract: A pulse wave measuring apparatus extracts a direct current component from a pressure value obtained from a sensor pressure, and defines the pressurization force of the cuff as the optimum pressurization force when that direct current component is stable. Following determination of the optimum pressurization force, the pulse wave measuring apparatus monitors whether the direct current component obtained from the pressure sensor is optimum or not, and adjusts the pressure, when not. By determining the rising sharpness of the peak and waveform distortion in the sphygmographic waveform, determination is made whether the pressurization force of the cuff is appropriate or not to carry out further adjustment of pressure, as necessary.

Abstract: A sensor unit is brought into contact with a surface of a living body to detect a pulse wave of an artery directly below. A CPU extracts a characteristic point of the pulse wave detected and obtains a second systolic component in the pulse wave using the characteristic point extracted. Then, a variation with time in a systolic blood pressure of a central artery of the living body is estimated using the second systolic component obtained, and an estimated variation with time in the systolic blood pressure is displayed on a display portion. For estimation of the systolic blood pressure, arithmetic with a linear transformation is applied using the second systolic component obtained and a blood pressure of a peripheral artery which is measured beforehand with an electronic sphygmomanometer.

Abstract: A pulse wave measuring apparatus extracts a direct current component from a pressure value obtained from a sensor pressure, and defines the pressurization force of the cuff as the optimum pressurization force when that direct current component is stable. Following determination of the optimum pressurization force, the pulse wave measuring apparatus monitors whether the direct current component obtained from the pressure sensor is optimum or not, and adjusts the pressure, when not. By determining the rising sharpness of the peak and waveform distortion in the sphygmographic waveform, determination is made whether the pressurization force of the cuff is appropriate or not to carry out further adjustment of pressure, as necessary.

Abstract: A sensor is pressurized adjustably against a patient's wrist and detects a pressurized pulse wave of a radial artery in a noninvasive manner so as to measure blood pressure on an arm band wound around the patient's predetermined portion. A CPU calculates indices reflecting a reflecting phenomenon of a pulse wave as organism information different from the blood pressure based on the detected pulse waveform, and relates the measured blood pressure value with calculated indices so as to display them on an indicator. A doctor checks displayed contents so as to clearly understand a state of a circulatory system represented by a correlation between the patient's blood pressure and the indices so as to be capable of obtaining information which supports a diagnosis and prescription quickly.

Abstract: An electronic blood pressure meter determines, in an inflation process, pressure Ps correlated to systolic pressure, pressure Pd correlated to diastolic pressure and pulse wave period Pc, and then calculates deflation rate def−v in a deflation process based on a first formula (def−v=(Ps−Pd−mb1)×Pc/N, where N represents the number of required beats). Further, maximum inflation value Inf−max is calculated based on a second formula (Inf−max=def−v·(np×Pc+&agr;)+Ps+&bgr;1). The pressure is increased to reach the calculated maximum value and then deflation is started at the calculated deflation rate . The blood pressure meter can thus perform a precise measurement in a shortest time.

Abstract: An electronic sphygmomanometer starts from pressurization and then enters a decompression process. When measurement of blood pressure starts, only a standard pressure release rate voltage is applied to a valve from a standard pressure release rate voltage supply circuit through a decompression control circuit. The valve allows air to be discharged slowly at the standard pressure release rate. If the pressure release rate should be increased for decompression, target pressure release rate acceleration value voltage according to the position of a dial is supplied from an external control signal supply unit. The standard pressure release rate voltage is added to the target voltage and the resultant voltage is supplied to the valve via the decompression control circuit. The valve increases the pressure release rate by the amount corresponding to the external control signal voltage.

Abstract: The blood pressure detecting device includes a blood pressure meter, a physiological detector, and a processing unit. The processing unit stores an equation to convert the value of the physiological data to the corresponding blood pressure value. To determine the equation during calibration, the patient's physiological data is measured several times in the course of normal activities in order to obtain an actual blood pressure value for each patient. To determine the equation during measurement mode, the patient measures the physiological data value as above, and then a customized equation stored in memory will convert the physiological value to the patient's blood pressure value. Therefore, the more calibration data are collected for an individual patient, the more accurate the equation will be made, and thus a more accurate measurement will be made.

Abstract: A measuring device to measure vascular function of an artery includes a cuff that is attachable to a specified part of a body to constrict the artery, a pulse wave amplitude calculating device that calculates an amplitude of a pulse wave that is synchronous with a heartbeat and is based on a change in a volume of the artery, and an inference device that infers a pressure-to-volume characteristic for the artery based on the amplitude of the pulse wave and a corresponding pressure. A blood pressure meter incorporating the measuring device uses a measure of the vascular function to determine a degree of sclerosis in the artery.

Abstract: A measuring device to measure vascular function of an artery includes a cuff that is attachable to a specified part of a body to constrict the artery, a pulse wave amplitude calculating device that calculates an amplitude of a pulse wave that is synchronous with a heartbeat and is based on a change in a volume of the artery, and an inference device that infers a pressure-to-volume characteristic for the artery based on the amplitude of the pulse wave and a corresponding pressure. A blood pressure meter incorporating the measuring device uses a measure of the vascular function to determine a degree of sclerosis in the artery.

Abstract: An electronic blood pressure meter which determines a systolic blood pressure value and a diastolic blood pressure value by detecting a sharpest positive peak and a sharpest negative peak of a pulse wave, respectively, which may be extracted from a cuff pressure. The sharpest peaks may be detected by finding the points of intersection of the pulse wave level with a certain threshold level and finding the shortest time interval between adjacent points of intersection interposing a peak therebetween. Since the principle of measurement is exact and can be implemented as a relatively simple algorithm, accurate measurement is possible substantially without any exception.

Abstract: The amplitude of a pulse wave that appears in a form superimposed upon cuff pressure is detected every beat of a heartbeat in synchronism with the beat not only in the course of depressurization but also in the course of pressurization. The maximum value Amaxi of the pulse-wave amplitude in the course of pressurization is multiplied by a prescribed coefficient to decide a threshold value TH. The threshold value TH is calculated as a value equivalent to a pulse-wave amplitude corresponding to systolic pressure that would be determined in the course of depressurization. After the cuff is pressurized to the target pressure, a transition is made to the depressurizing process. It is judged that cuff pressurization is inadequate if the initial pulse-wave amplitude in the course of depressurization is greater than the threshold value TH. Thus, whether or not cuff pressurization is inadequate can be judged appropriately at all times without any influence due to personal differences or physical condition.

Abstract: An electronic blood pressure meter capable of performing a proper automatic pressuring operation according to a blood pressure of a subject and measuring the blood pressure rapidly with accuracy.

Abstract: An electronic blood pressure meter is disclosed which measures diastolic blood pressure. The blood pressure meter includes a cuff, a device for pressurizing and a device for depressurizing the cuff, and a device for detecting pressure in the cuff over time. A device is provided for detecting pulse waves, preferably in the form of an infrared light source and a reflected light detector. Processing circuitry is provided which detects either appearance or disappearance of a flat portion in the pulse wave by differentiating the pulse wave, measuring successive durations of time during which the differentiated pulse wave is between predetermined threshold values, and determining the moment at which the durations of time become less than a predetermined amount. The diastolic blood pressure value is then determined as the measured pressure in the cuff at the moment the flat portion of the pulse wave has appeared or disappeared.

Abstract: A blood pressure measuring device is provided which comprises a cuff for pressuring an artery, electronic circuitry made up of a clock, control unit, and blood pressure measuring unit for measuring blood pressure and controlling the device, and a cuff pressurizing and depressurizing unit. The basic components of the device are used to effectively give the patient, through a feeling of pressure from the cuff, information such as a signal indicating the start of measurement, by momentarily pressurizing the cuff then depressurizing it. This signal can be detected by hearing imparied patients as well as healthy patients who are in a noisy environment, but can not be noticed by others in close proximity to the patient.

Abstract: In an electronic blood pressure meter, pressurization requirement of the cuff is minimized by predicting a systolic blood pressure level from blood vessel information which may be obtained with an initial cuff pressure which is lower than the systolic blood pressure. The prediction of the systolic blood pressure may be based on a diastolic blood pressure, a maximum pulse wave amplitude value, on other pulse wave amplitude value, a cuff pressure value corresponding to the other pulse wave amplitude value and an empirically obtained parameter. Thus, since the cuff pressure is not increased any more than required, the discomfort to the subject person and the time period required for blood pressure measurement are both minimized and the accuracy of blood pressure measurement is improved.

Abstract: In an electronic blood pressure meter, there are included a cuff adapted to be fitted around the arm of a patient whose blood pressure is to be measured and formed with a cavity, a device for pressurizing the cavity in the cuff, a device for gradually depressurizing the cavity in the cuff, a device for sensing the pressure in the cavity in the cuff and for producing an output signal representative thereof, a device for detecting a pulse wave component in the output signal produced by the sensing device, a device for determining the amplitude of the thus detected pulse wave component, a device for determining values for systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure according to the thus determined amplitude of the pulse wave component and according to the output signal produced by the pressure sensing device, and a device for performing compensation relating to the values for systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.

Abstract: An electronic blood pressure meter, equipped with the functions of computing at least a single relative pulse wave amplitude value in relation with a maximum pulse wave amplitude value, computing a blood pressure value from the cuff pressure when an amplitude of the pulse wave signal has coincided with the relative amplitude value during a change in the amplitude value of the pulse wave signal, and using the reference pressure value thus obtained in accordance with a certain arithmetic formula. If desired, a different process may be selected for determining a blood pressure depending on an initial cuff pressure. This electronic blood pressure allows a measurement to be completed in a very short time and minimizes the discomfort of the person whose blood pressure is to measured through reduction of the maximum cuff pressure. Yet the mathematical formula can be reduced to a simple arithmetic algorithm and is therefore easy to implement.

Abstract: An electronic blood pressure monitor includes a cuff, a system for pressurizing the cuff, and pressure and pulse wave sensors in the cuff. In the monitor the maximum amplitude of the pulse wave is extracted and an area between the envelope lines of certain data is computed. Maximum area values are computed on the higher and lower sides of the cuff pressure corresponding to the maximum value of the pulse wave amplitude; from these area values are computed maximum and minimum blood pressure values. In another aspect, the pulse wave signal from the pulse wave sensor is separated into signal components greater and less than a reference value, these signal components are smoothed and combined and blood pressure values are determined from the combined signals and the cuff pressure values derived from the pressure sensor in the cuff.