Abstract: A vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor laser has first and second semiconductor multi-layered films, an active layer, and third and fourth semiconductor multi-layered films which are piled up on a GaAs substrate in that order. Furthermore, the first film is formed by piling up Al.sub.x-1 Ga.sub.1-x1 As layers (0.ltoreq.x1.ltoreq.1) and Al.sub.x2 Ga.sub.1-x2 As layers (0.ltoreq.x2.ltoreq.1) one after the other by turns. The second film is formed by piling up In.sub.x3 Ga.sub.1-x3 As.sub.y3 P.sub.1-y3 layers (0.ltoreq.x3, y3.ltoreq.1) and In.sub.x4 Ga.sub.1-x4 As.sub.y4 P.sub.1-y4 layers (0.ltoreq.x4, y4.ltoreq.1) one after the other by turns. The active layer is provided as an In.sub.x5 Ga.sub.1-x5 As.sub.y5 P.sub.1-y5 layer (0.ltoreq.x5, y5.ltoreq.1). The third film is formed by piling up In.sub.x6 Ga.sub.1-x6 As.sub.y6 P.sub.1-y6 layers (0.ltoreq.x6, y6.ltoreq.1) and In.sub.x7 Ga.sub.1-x7 As.sub.y7 P.sub.1-y7 layers (0.ltoreq.x7, y7.ltoreq.1) one after the other by turns.

Abstract: In an element region, in which a memory cell is constituted, on a silicon substrate, a gate electrode with which each of a plurality of the memory cells is individually constituted is individually disposed for each memory cell. A first and a second inter-layer insulating films are formed right upon the gate electrode. A jumping wiring is disposed on the insulating films. The jumping wiring is directly and electrically connected, within the memory pattern region in which the memory cell is formed, with each individual gate electrodes through the jumping contact.

Abstract: A vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor laser has first and second semiconductor multi-layered films, an active layer, and third and fourth semiconductor multi-layered films which are piled up on a GaAs substrate in that order. Furthermore, the first film is formed by piling up Al.sub.x1 Ga.sub.1-x1 As layers (0.ltoreq.x1.ltoreq.1) and Al.sub.x2 Ga.sub.1-x2 As layers (0.ltoreq.x2.ltoreq.1) one after the other by turns. The second film is formed by piling up In.sub.x3 Ga.sub.1-x3 As.sub.y3 P.sub.1-y3 layers (0.ltoreq.x3, y3.ltoreq.1) and In.sub.x4 Ga.sub.1-x4 As.sub.y4 P.sub.1-y4 layers (0.ltoreq.x4, y4.ltoreq.1) one after the other by turns. The active layer is provided as an In.sub.x5 Ga.sub.1-x5 As.sub.y5 P.sub.1-y5 layer (0.ltoreq.x5, y5.ltoreq.1). The third film is formed by piling up In.sub.x6 Ga.sub.1-x6 AS.sub.y6 P.sub.1-y6 layers (0.ltoreq.x6, y6.ltoreq.1) and In.sub.x7 Ga.sub.1-x7 As.sub.y7 P.sub.1-y7 layers (0.ltoreq.x7, y7.ltoreq.1) one after the other by turns.

Abstract: In a blood-lipid depressant for depressing a blood-lipid level, an effective component of the depressant is an extract extracted with an extracting solvent from a senna species (Cassia mimosoides L. var. nomame Makino). An effective component of the depressant is an extract obtained by fractionating via chromatographic methods an extract extracted with an extracting solvent from a senna species (Cassia mimosoides L. var. nomame Makino).

Abstract: There are disclosed novel tannins, lipase inhibitors containing the same as active constituent and a method for producing the same, wherein said tannins have the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is 2 or an integer more than 2.

Abstract: A gummy starch is prepared by conmbining a starch with a saccharide and subsequently heating up the mixture. The gummy starch consists essentially of a water insoluble part with a chewable property and good dispersibility in oils and fats. A process for preparation of a gummy starch comprises the steps of combining a starch with a saccharide and heating up the mixture at such a temperature for such a time as to cause the saccharide to be caramelized to pick up water insoluble part. A chewable food raw material consists essentially of a gummy starch prepared by combining a starch with a saccharide and subsequently heating up the mixture. An oil and fat dispersant consists essentially of a gummy starch prepared by combining a starch with a saccharide and subsequently heating up the mixture.

Abstract: An aqueous coating resin composition, the improvement wherein a microgel composed of a resin reaction product having a three-dimensional network structure, which is obtained by the esterification reaction of (1) 40 to 90 parts by weight of an aromatic epoxy resin with (2) 10 to 60 parts by weight of a carboxyl group-containing vinyl polymer comprising (a) a carboxyl group-containing vinyl monomer, (b) an aromatic vinyl monomer and (c) at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of an alkyl ester, a hydroxyalkyl ester and an N-hydroxyalkylamide of an alpha,beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, is dispersed into an aqueous medium; and a process for production thereof.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for double-talk detection in an echo canceller that uses an adaptive digital filter to estimate, from a received signal and a transmitted signal to which an echo signal of the received signal is added, the characteristics of an echo path and generate a simulated echo signal, and subtracts this echo replica from the transmitted signal in order to transmit a residual signal from which the echo signal has been removed, and which during the course of this operation detects the double-talk state according to a double-talk detection threshold and inhibits the estimation of adaptive digital filter; adaptive estimation and the double-talk detection threshold are controlled in accordance with the state of system e.g., whether it is in the single-talk state, whether the echo signal is active or idle, whether there are fluctuations in the echo path, or whether howling is taking place.

Abstract: In a spread communications systems, a filter is inserted in a transmitter and a receiver, respectively. The filter in the transmitter is an FIR filter and the filter in the receiver has a characteristic inverse to that of the FIR filter.

Abstract: In an adaptive digital filter, the inputs to the variable-coefficient scalers of an adaptive digital filter are mutually orthogonal and their mean square values are equal. As a result, the rate of convergence of the variable coefficients of the variable-coefficient scalers is rapid. The adaptive filter is suitable for use in echo cancelers.

Abstract: Alignment marks on a semiconductor wafer comprise a first alignment island projecting from a surface of the wafer and a second alignment island having substantially the same height as the first alignment island and surrounding the same with a slit therebetween. The slit is utilized as a pattern for aligning with an alignment mark on a photomask. Preferably the alignment marks are formed on the grid line region of the wafer.

Abstract: An adaptive digital filter for identifying a transfer function of a unknown system is employed, for example, for echo cancellation and howling prevention. The transfer function of the adaptive filter can be obtained by the sum of outputs from N paths and forms a system of orthogonal functions having coefficient parameters of four groups of a, b, p and q. The groups p and q are adaptively adjusted in response to an error signal while the groups a and b are previously set based on a measurement effected previously or adaptively adjusted in response to the error signal.

Abstract: An alignment mark formed on a semiconductor wafer is disclosed. The mark comprises a mark member provided on a base region and a reflection changing portion provided on the mark member. The reflection changing portion has slightly inclined side walls.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for automatically controlling a grinding mill in a mill arrangement which includes a grinding mill, raw material feed apparatus and a controller wherein one or more signals indicative of the condition of the mill are input to the controller and compared therein to a set point to generate an output signal based on the comparison and wherein the output signal is input to the raw material feed apparatus to adjust the rate at which raw material is fed into the grinding mill include an arrangement wherein the output signal of the controller is integrated for a predetermined time to obtain a first integrated quantity, the controller set point is then automatically varied a predetermined amount in a predetermined direction such that a second controller output signal is generated, the second controller output signal is then integrated for the predetermined time to obtain a second integrated quantity, the first and second integrated quantities are then compared, and the controller set point is the

Abstract: An age-hardening copper titanium alloy containing 2 to 6% by weight of titanium, and composed of a substantially fully solution heat-treated structure having an average crystal grain size not exceeding 25 microns. When the alloy is cold-rolled after its solution heat treatment, its elongation in the rolling direction and that in a direction perpendicular thereto have a difference of within 20% therebetween, and its bend radius to thickness ratios in those two directions are substantially equal to each other.

Abstract: A process for producing an age-hardened copper titanium alloy strip includes preparing a copper titanium alloy melt, casting it, hot-working the cast alloy, cold-working the hot-worked alloy as required, annealing the hot-worked or cold-worked alloy, solution heat-treating the annealed alloy, and then the solution heat-treated alloy is age-hardened. The alloy is annealed at a temperature of 500.degree. C. to 700.degree. C. for one to 20 hours. Its solution heat treatment is terminated before or approximately as soon as a precipitated secondary phase has formed a complete solid solution in a master phase, so that the master phase may have an average crystal grain size not exceeding 25 microns. It is preferably terminated within three minutes. The alloy has a titanium content of 2 to 6% by weight.

Abstract: A sock for use with footgear is provided comprising a core formed of copper or copper-containing metal, a top ply of air-permeable material overlying the upper surface of said core, and a bottom ply of air-permeable material underlying the lower surface of the core, at least said top ply and bottom ply being joined together around the periphery of said core. The socks according to this invention maintain user's feet sanitary in his footgear for a period of time and keeps his feet from giving off offensive odors.

Abstract: Blends of 30 to 90 weight percent of polyurethane resin and 70 to 10 weight percent of polyvinyl chloride resin are provided with thermal stability by incorporating therein a compound having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aralkyl or alkyl,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each are hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or aryl andM is barium, calcium or magnesium.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a stabilizer for synthetic resins mainly consisting of a molecular weight increased alkyltin mercaptocarboxylic acid ester which comprises interesterification between a corresponding lower molecular weight alkyltin mercaptocarboxylic acid ester and an alcohol is disclosed.