Abstract: A laser light flux is divided and synthesized so that its light intensity distribution is changed from a Gaussian distribution to a non-Gaussian distribution. When a laser light flux having a Gaussian distribution is irradiated onto a dividing prism, it is divided into a left part and a right part which are refracted right and left inversely from each other. When the right and left parts are incident on a synthesizing prism, they are refracted again and travel to be overlapped with each other on a recording medium. The light intensity distribution on a segment at the apex of the synthesizing prism is weaker at the central part and stronger at the peripheral part. This is because the light fluxes resulting from the division are inverted in their position so that the central part of the Gaussian distribution is separated left and right while the peripheral part with a weaker light intensity is centered.

Abstract: A liquid separation membrane for pervaporation composed of a polymeric substance having in the main chain a glycosidic skeleton containing cationic groups and/or anionic groups at least some of which form a salt with counter anions and/or counter cations; and a method for pervaporation, which comprises separating a water-organic liquid mixture or an organic liquid-organic liquid mixture by pervaporation using a separation membrane, said membrane being composed of a polymeric substance having in the main chain a glycosidic skeleton containing cationic groups and/or anionic groups at least some of which form a salt with counter anions and/or counter cations and being dried so as to have a water content of not more than 25% by weight.

Abstract: In the present invention, a micro Fresnel lens in the shape of a thin film is used. A lens driving member constructed of piezoelectric transducers or of magnets and coils is disposed around the lens. The focus of the lens is adjusted by controlling applied voltages to the piezoelectric transducers or the coils.

Abstract: A film of a crystal - crystal phase transformation type optical recording alloy is formed on an insulating substrate. Information is erased from the alloy film by heating it with an expedient other than a laser beam. Information is read by sensing reflected light of light projected on the alloy film.

Abstract: A disc is provided with the equal-interval pits along tracks, at which digital signals are recorded bit by bit. Such a disc is rotated at the constant angular velocity. A signal processing apparatus according to the present invention detects the linear velocity of the track which is at present followed by a pickup. The filtering of a source signal to be recorded and the analog-to-digital conversion of the filtered signal, in the signal processing for recording, are controlled and timed in accordance with the detected linear velocity. Further, the digital-to-analog conversion of a signal read out from the disc and the filtering of the converted signal, in the signal processing for reproducing, are also timed and controlled in response to the detected linear velocity. Thereby, a disc memory device having the large storage capacity and suited for the random access memory can be realized.

Abstract: In a logic circuit which is logically divided into partial circuits each consisting of a logic block, data holding stages on the input and output sides therof, and a scan circuit segment associated with them, diagnostic data for a logic circuit section is obtained using the scan circuit segments in the respective partial circuits and wherein, only the scan circuit segments in the respective partial circuits are actuated to set values in the output side data holding stages and to read out the contents thereof as diagnostic test data for a scan circuit section.

Abstract: The present invention employs as a recording medium a metal or alloy which exhibits an intercrystalline transition before and after writing. In the present invention, two light beams of unequal wavelengths are used so as to write information with the light beam of the longer wavelength and to erase information with the light beam of the shorter wavelength. In changing a written content, a wavelength with which the reflection rate of the recording medium increases is used.

Abstract: Two metal plates 1a, 1b are projection welded together using a truncated conical projection 12 on a first one of the plates having a spherical end surface. The plates are pressed together through the projection, and a welding current pulse is applied which reaches a maximum value in less than 2 milli-seconds. The shape and dimensional limitations of the projection coupled with the high amplitude, short duration current spike result in a thin welding nugget 9 and prevent any thermal distortion of the outer plate surface due to localized overheating.

Abstract: A label strip for being applied by a label applying machine. The label strip includes a support material base web with a release agent on its upper surface and comprises a series of labels adhesively applied to the release surface of the support material. The underlying support material has a plurality of feed cut groups arrayed longitudinally along the support material layer. Each feed cut group includes a longitudinally extending cut and a respective upstream and downstream transversely extending stopper cut which intersect the longitudinal cut, thereby defining feeding tongues at both sides of the longitudinal cut between the stopper cuts. The upstream stopper cut is always longer, i.e. wider across the label strip, than the downstream stopper cut. Various straight or curved or bent shapes for one or both of the stopper cuts are disclosed. At each longitudinal location having a feed cut group, there may be a plurality of such feed cut groups arrayed across the support material.

Abstract: A combustion control method wherein manipulated variables or the amounts of fuel and air in at least one combustion zone of a boiler are regulated so that both the amount of nitrogen oxides and the amount of unburned coal in the ash at an outlet of a burner furnace or at least one of them passes the regulation standards and satisfies the requirements for operating a plant.

Abstract: This invention relates to the supervision of a combustion state of a combustion furnace. A flame formed concentrically with the direction of a fuel jetted from a burner being the center is measured from its side, and two oxidizing flame zones as high luminance zones are extracted. Using the shape parameters of the flame, an index for reducing NOx and unburnt components in ash are calculated and estimated so as to supervise the combustion state. The positions or centroids of the flames and the distance between the centroids are used as the shape parameters, and the flame shape is divided into two zones for easy display of each zone.

Abstract: A plant model is constructed with a mathematical procedure known as the Kalman filter. The presumed value or predictive value of a certain parameter of a plant is compared with the actually-measured value of the parameter, and the state transition matrix and drive matrix of the Kalman filter are corrected. When a parameter which is a direct controlled object is difficult of actual measurement, the model is corrected by utilizing another parameter whose actual measurement value is easily obtained. When the plant has a feedback control system based on the proportional-plus-integral control, the gain of the system is corrected in correspondence with the corrections of the elements of the matrices.

Abstract: A method of controlling combustion in a furnace of a boiler or the like having a burner for a main combustion and a burner for a reducing combustion in order to effect combustion for furnace denitrification. The method comprises the steps of: estimating the NO.sub.x generation amount from data on a flame formed by the main combustion; estimating the reducing agent generation amount from data on a flame formed by the reducing combustion; and controlling the flow rates of fuel and air supplied for the main and reducing combustions so that the amount of NO.sub.x emission as the difference between the NO.sub.x generation amount and the reducing agent generation amount is below a specified value. In practice, each of the NO.sub.x generation amount and the reducing agent generation amount is estimated from the flame pattern, the flame volume, the distance between the outlet of the burner concerned and the root of the flame concerned, etc.

Abstract: An apparatus for distilling shale oil from oil shale, which comprises: a vertical type distilling furnace which is divided by two vertical partitions each provided with a plurality of vent apertures into an oil shale treating chamber and two gas chambers, said oil shale treating chamber being located between said two gas chambers in said vertical type distilling furnace, said vertical type distilling furnace being further divided by at least one horizontal partition into an oil shale distilling chamber in the lower part thereof and at least one oil shale preheating chamber in the upper part thereof, said oil shale distilling chamber and said oil shale preheating chamber communicating with each other through a gap provided at an end of said horizontal partition, an oil shale supplied continuously from an oil shale supply port provided in said oil shale treating chamber at the top thereof into said oil shale treating chamber continuously moving from the oil shale preheating chamber to the oil shale distilling c

Abstract: A system and method for the adaptive control of a process in which a feed forward control signal corresponding to a process demand is calculated according to a predetermined algebraic function, while a feedback correction signal is calculated on the basis of an error of a process feedback signal indicative of an error of a controlled variable from a predetermined setting, and the controlled variable of the process is controlled on the basis of the sum of these two signals. The adaptive control is such that, when a set point of the function deviates from the actual process demand, a value corresponding to the error appears in the feedback correction signal, and this value is used for automatically modifying the function itself to ensure the adaptive control of the process. A determination is made whether or not the process is in the steady state and when steady state operation is determined, the function of the feed forward control signal is modified.

Abstract: A mobile telephone communication system is provided with a plurality of mobile units having a transmitter-receiver capable of being tuned to a plurality of radio channels. A plurality of base stations are provided with receivers capable of detecting carrier level drop-off and a control station is operable to command the given base station to transmit an instruction to the mobile unit commanding it to transmit its signal over a channel which is common to all of the base stations. The control station is then operable to detect an increased carrier level in a zone corresponding to a second base station, and to instruct each of the base stations to transmit a signal over the common channel commanding the mobile unit to switch channels to an idle channel corresponding to a second base station.

Abstract: A method for continuously manufacturing a high-temperature reducing gas, comprising: using a reducing gas manufacturing equipment including a heat medium heating apparatus and a gas reforming apparatus provided below said heat medium heating apparatus; burning a fuel gas in said heat medium heating apparatus to continuously produce a high-temperature combustion exhaust gas; on the other hand, introducing heat medium particles having an average particle size within the range of from 50 to 500 .mu.m into said heat medium heating apparatus to heat to a prescribed temperature and fluidize said particles through heat exchange with said high-temperature combustion exhaust gas; blowing a gas to be reformed containing CO.sub.2 and H.sub.

Abstract: The present stress in the turbine rotor is estimated at each control period, from the steam temperature and pressure at the turbine inlet. In addition, the future turbine inlet steam temperature or pressure is preestimated once every n.sub.T control cycles, for a given speed or load changing rate, making use of data concerning the changing rate of the turbine steam inlet temperature or pressure in relation with the change of the speed or load, which has been obtained by a learning of the past turbine operating condition. This future steam temperature or pressure at the turbine inlet is used as a factor for preestimating the future stress expected to be caused in the turbine rotor. The preestimation of the rotor stress is performed for a plurality of assumed speed or load changing rates. The turbine is controlled at the maximum speed increase-rate or load changing rate which would not cause the future stress preestimated over a given preestimation time to exceed a limit stress.

Abstract: In an automatic control system, controls receive an input indicative of a deviation between feedback and demand signals and produce an output which in turn is applied to a plant to control it. A diagnostic device includes a model having an equivalent characteristic to the controls and receives the deviation signal. When a noise coming into the automatic control system is detected or when a deviation between the outputs of the model and controls is sufficiently small, no model operation is performed, and the output of the controls is determined as that of the model. However, when the deviation between the outputs of the model and the controls is large, the model is supplied with an input thereby performing a model operation. A resultant output of the model is then compared with the output of the controls to produce an alarm indicative of an abnormal state of the controls in accordance with a deviation between these outputs.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a base of a semiconductor device is made up of the steps of silver soldering a metal ring of weldable and extrudable material on a metal blank of thermally and electrically conductive material to thereby form a base body; and thereafter extruding the base body so as to form a generally complete base. When the base body is extruded, a raised portion for mounting a semiconductor pellet thereon and a stud to be threaded are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the base body, respectively and at the same time, an annular projection, which is used as a projection to weld to the upper surface of the base a shell to cover the semiconductor pellet, is formed on the upper surface of the metal ring.