Abstract: Under a partial load, a pumping loss is reduced by a stratified combustion to enhance a fuel consumption, and during the maximum output operation, the output is increased by a premixture combustion, and the output of an engine is controlled, thereby enhancing the drivability. Under the partial load, an ignition source is provided in the vicinity of a fuel injection valve, and after the fuel is injected, the mixture is ignited, and a resulting flame is caused by a spray of the fuel to spread into a cylinder, thereby effecting a stratified combustion. When the load increases, so that soot and so on are produced in the stratified combustion, the fuel injection is effected a plurality of times in a divided manner, and a premixture is produced within the cylinder by the front-half injection, and a flame, produced by the latter-half injection, is injected into the cylinder to burn this premixture.

Abstract: Under a partial load, a pumping loss is reduced by a stratified combustion to enhance a fuel consumption, and during the maximum output operation, the output is increased by a premixture combustion, and the output of an engine is controlled, thereby enhancing the drivability. Under the partial load, an ignition source is provided in the vicinity of a fuel injection valve, and after the fuel is injected, the mixture is ignited, and a resulting flame is caused by a spray of the fuel to spread into a cylinder, thereby effecting a stratified combustion. When the load increases, so that soot and so on are produced in the stratified combustion, the fuel injection is effected a plurality of times in a divided manner, and a premixture is produced within the cylinder by the front-half injection, and a flame, produced by the latter-half injection, is injected into the cylinder to burn this premixture.

Abstract: Under a partial load, a pumping loss is reduced by a stratified combustion to enhance a fuel consumption, and during the maximum output operation, the output is increased by a premixture combustion, and the output of an engine is controlled, thereby enhancing the drivability. Under the partial load, an ignition source is provided in the vicinity of a fuel injection valve, and after the fuel is injected, the mixture is ignited, and a resulting flame is caused by a spray of the fuel to spread into a cylinder, thereby effecting a stratified combustion. When the load increases, so that soot and so on are produced in the stratified combustion, the fuel injection is effected a plurality of times in a divided manner, and a premixture is produced within the cylinder by the front-half injection, and a flame, produced by the latter-half injection, is injected into the cylinder to burn this premixture.

Abstract: Under a partial load, a pumping loss is reduced by a stratified combustion to enhance a fuel consumption, and during the maximum output operation, the output is increased by a premixture combustion, and the output of an engine is controlled, thereby enhancing the drivability. Under the partial load, an ignition source is provided in the vicinity of a fuel injection valve, and after the fuel is injected, the mixture is ignited, and a resulting flame is caused by a spray of the fuel to spread into a cylinder, thereby effecting a stratified combustion. When the load increases, so that soot and so on are produced in the stratified combustion, the fuel injection is effected a plurality of times in a divided manner, and a premixture is produced within the cylinder by the front-half injection, and a flame, produced by the latter-half injection, is injected into the cylinder to burn this premixture.

Abstract: The engine disclosed features an engine cylinder provided with an air intake valve, an injector having a fuel injection port which is directed towards an interior of the engine cylinder, and a control unit which is connected to the air intake valve and to the injector, the control unit effecting changes in the air intake amount by controlling the degree of opening of the air intake valve, and, also, controls the air/fuel ratio by changing the amount of fuel supplied by the injector. The engine also has an exhaust valve in the engine cylinder such that the control unit controls the intake valve and the exhaust valve so that an opening period of the intake valve is overlapped with an opening period of the exhaust valve at least when the opening period of the intake valve is maximum. The period of the overlap is longer when a relatively large amount of air is required than when a relatively small amount of air is required.

Abstract: The engine disclosed features an engine cylinder provided with an air intake valve, an injector having a fuel injection port which is directed towards an interior of the engine cylinder, and a control unit which is connected to the air intake valve and to the injector, the control unit effecting changes in the air intake amount by controlling the degree of opening of the air intake valve, and, also, controls the air/fuel ratio by changing the amount of fuel supplied by the injector. The engine also has an exhaust valve in the engine cylinder such that the control unit controls the intake valve and the exhaust valve so that an opening period of the intake valve is overlapped with an opening period of the exhaust valve at least when the opening period of the intake valve is maximum. The period of the overlap is longer when a relatively large amount of air is required than when a relatively small amount of air is required.

Abstract: An engine drive torque controller has a first mode in which torque is controlled by varying air-fuel ratio within a range greater than stoichiometric and a second mode in which torque is controlled while maintaining a substantially fixed air-fuel ratio. The control modes are selected to keep nitrogen oxide emissions low. The torque controller also changes the air-fuel ratio during transmission shifting to prevent variations in torque.

Abstract: Under a partial load, a pumping loss is reduced by a stratified combustion to enhance a fuel consumption, and during the maximum output operation, the output is increased by a premixture combustion, and the output of an engine is controlled, thereby enhancing the drivability. Under the partial load, an ignition source is provided in the vicinity of a fuel injection valve, and after the fuel is injected, the mixture is ignited, and a resulting flame is caused by a spray of the fuel to spread into a cylinder, thereby effecting a stratified combustion. When the load increases, so that soot and so on are produced in the stratified combustion, the fuel injection is effected a plurality of times in a divided manner, and a premixture is produced within the cylinder by the front-half injection, and a flame, produced by the latter-half injection, is injected into the cylinder to burn this premixture.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine control apparatus has a digital arithmetic unit to which signals are inputted from a plurality of detectors such as detectors for detecting an operational state of the engine and air fuel ratio detector and controls a fuel air ratio and ignition timing according to output signals from the arithmetic unit. The apparatus comprises by a misfire detector for detecting a misfiring state of the engine, NOx concentration detector and a controller for controlling the fuel air ratio and the ignition timing so as to fall within a tolerable stable combustion range defined by a detected misfire boundary and a detected NOx limit. The misfiring state and/or NOx concentration can be detected through detection of temperature change in the combustion chamber by a detector. The detector comprises a black body disposed in the combustion chamber and a fused silica cable mounting the black body.

Abstract: An air-fuel detection system comprising a solid electrolyte, first and second electrodes formed on the surface of the solid electrolyte, a diffusion resistor formed on the first electrode for controlling the gas diffusion into the first electrode, and a detector circuit for detecting conditions of the engine exhaust gas to detect the air-fuel ratio thereof, wherein the detector circuit measures the electromotive force generated between the first and second electrodes during a first period, and controls a selected one of the voltage and current applied between the first and second electrodes to keep the electromotive force constant during a second period, the selected one of the voltage and current being produced as a signal representing the air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: A liquid atomizer utilizes a plurality of laminated piezoelectric elements for converting electrical oscillation into mechanical vibration, a circuit for generating resonance frequency of a low DC voltage, the circuit being electrically connected to the piezoelectric elements and including a charging circuit for forcibly causing electric charge based on said DC resonance frequency voltage to flow from a DC power source into the laminated piezoelectric elements and a discharge circuit for forcibly causing electric charge stored in the laminated piezoelectric elements to be discharged.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, in which, during the lean-burn region of its operation, fuel supplied for the engine is controlled so as to make an acutal air/fuel ratio follow a predetermined lean air/fuel ratio, an air/fuel ratio control apparatus detects the amplitude of a pulsating component in an output voltage of an oxygen sensor. The pulsating component is caused by the occurence of a misfire. The control apparatus corrects a reference for the sensor output voltage in a feedback control of the air/fuel ratio in accordance with the detected amplitude of the pulsating component, whereby the stable operation of the engine can be secured irrespective of the aged change of the stable combustion limit of the engine.

Abstract: The oxygen is supplied the diffusion resistor (3) for a specified period of time during operation so as to oxidize the contaminate particles (6) adhering to the diffusion resistor (3), when the solid electrolyte (2) is impressed a voltage by the power source (8) so as to move the oxygen from the solid electrolyte (2) to the diffusion resistor (3). For a specified period during operation, such as during a certain period after ignition key is switched on, during the rich air-fuel ratio operation, during idling, or during warmup operation at starting, the oxygen is supplied to the diffusion resistor (3). It is possible to provide the air-fuel ratio sensor (1) which has no output variation due to degradation over long period of use by removing the contaminated particles (6).

Abstract: A fuel supply system for internal-combustion engine, with a fuel supply arrangement disposed at such a position that the relationship between the volume V.sub.COM of a combustion chamber and the volume V.sub.IN of an intake-air passage between an intake valve and the fuel supply arrangement satisfies the condition V.sub.IN /V.sub.COM =0.7 to 1.2. Thereby, the air present between the vicinity of an intake valve and the fuel supply arrangement is drawn into, in accordance with the progress of the intake stroke, and the fuel supplied by the fuel supply arrangement is concentrated in a vicinity of an ignition plug in the combustion chamber upon the completion of the intake stroke.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio detecting combustion sensor. Combustion light signals of two given waveform bands are photoelectrically converted into corresponding electrical waveform signals. On the basis of phase difference in time points at which the two signals are generated, respectively, the air-fuel ratio is arithmetically determined.

Abstract: In a control system for an internal combustion engine, in which the amount of fuel is determined on the basis of the depression amount of an accelerator pedal and the amount of air is determined on the basis of the fuel amount, the changing amounts of the fuel and air are corrected by the changing rate of the accelerator pedal depression amount.

Abstract: In an A/F ratio sensor of mixture supplied for an internal combustion engine, which has a detector for detecting the concentration of residual oxygen in exhaust gas and determines the A/F ratio by retrieving an air excess ratio table with an output of the detector, there is further provided an additional air introducing device, which introduces a predetermined quantity of air into the engine for a certain period of time, under the condition that the velocity of air flowing through a throttle valve is equal to the sonic velocity. The oxygen concentration detector is calibrated by the comparison of the outputs thereof before and after introduction of the additional air. According to this invention, the A/F ratio of the mixture can be detected accurately without the influence of the aged deterioration of the oxygen concentration.

Abstract: In feedback control for the air/fuel ratio based on a sensor producing an output signal proportional to a change in the air/fuel ratio, a control constant modifier is operative to vary the proportional component and the integration component in a feedback system in accordance with an air/fuel ratio set for controlling, thereby assuring stability of ultimate fuel control.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio detecting combustion sensor. Combustion light signals of two given waveform bands are photoelectrically converted into corresponding electrical waveform signals. On the basis of phase difference in time points at which the two signals are generated, respectively, the air-fuel ratio is arithmetically determined.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine control apparatus has a digital arithmetic unit to which signals are inputted from a plurality of detectors such as detectors for detecting an operational state of the engine and air fuel ratio detector and controls a fuel air ratio and ignition timing according to output signals from the arithmetic unit. The apparatus comprises by a misfire detector for detecting a misfiring state of the engine, NOx concentration detector and a controller for controlling the fuel air ratio and the ignition timing so as to fall within a tolerable stable combustion range defined by a detected misfire boundary and a detected NOx limit. The misfiring state and/or NOx concentration can be detected through detection of temperature change in the combustion chamber by a detector. The detector comprises a black body disposed in the combustion chamber and a fused silica cable mounting the black body.