Abstract: A stitch area configuration for word gates and control gates of a twin MONOS metal bit array comprises control gates on sidewalls of the word gates wherein the word gates and control gates run in parallel. Control gate poly contacts contact each of the control gates aligned in a row at the stitch area perpendicular to the control gates. Two word gate poly contacts at the stitch area contact alternating word gates. Also provided are bit lines, word line and control gate decoders and drivers, a bit line decoder, a bit line control circuit, and a chip controller to control the memory array. The invention also provides twin MONOS metal bit array operations comprising several control gates driven by one control gate driver circuit and one word gate driven by one word gate driver circuit, as well as erase inhibit and block erase.

Abstract: The invention provides a metal bit structure of Twin MONOS memory cell with large channel width and its operational method for high-speed applications using a metal bit array.

Abstract: A laminated structure of a flat plate type solid oxide fuel cell is made up of an alloy metal separator having a flat plate and a slit plate, wherein the flat plate is brought into contact with the slit plate after the slit plate is brought into contact with an air pole or the air pole is brought into contact with the slit plate after the slit plate is brought into contact with the flat plate, whereby a problem with the working of the alloy metal separator can be eliminated, and also the excellent performance of the flat plate type solid oxide fuel cell can be maintained by using the separator.

Abstract: A suction inlet port (48) is formed in an inner peripheral surface on a bottom portion side of a differential housing (15), and the suction inlet port (48) is connected to a suction outlet port (42) formed in an outer peripheral surface of the differential housing (15) via a suction pipe line (43). The suction outlet port (42) is formed in a mounting seat (16) to which a lubricating pump (30) is attached. A discharge port (44) introducing lubricating oil discharged from the lubricating pump (30) is formed in an upper position of the mounting seat (16), and a discharge pipe line 45 is connected to the discharge port (44). Each of a first discharge port (46) and a second discharge port (47) is formed in an end portion of the discharge pipe line (45). The suction pipe line (43) and the discharge pipe line (45) are formed integrally with the differential housing (15) by casting or the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel operational method of twin MONOS metal bit or diffusion bit structure for high-speed application. In a first embodiment of the present invention, the alternative control gates are set at the same voltage. In a second embodiment of the present invention, all the control gates are set at the operational voltage from the beginning. In both embodiments, the bit line and word gate are used to address the selected memory cell.

Abstract: The invention provides a metal bit structure of Twin MONOS memory cell with large channel width and its operational method for high-speed applications using a metal bit array.

Abstract: A reference circuit is described for creating a reference signal using a twin MONOS memory cell. A first portion of the twin MONOS memory cell connects to a charged and floating bit line a current source formed in a second portion of the twin MONOS cell that discharges the charged bit line to form a reference signal for a sense amplifier. The sense amplifier compares the reference signal to a signal from a selected memory cell upon which memory operations are being performed comprising read, erase verify and program verify.

Abstract: A high capacity alkaline storage battery which exhibits a maintained dischargeability and a reduced excess negative electrode capacity by decreasing the content of ?-NiOOH left in higher order positive active material. To an aqueous solution of a mixture of nickel sulfate, zinc sulfate and cobalt sulfate was gradually added an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide with stirring to cause the crystallization of nickel hydroxide. Nickel hydroxide thus crystallized was washed, dehydrated, and then dried. To nickel hydroxide was then added dropwise a predetermined amount of an oxidizing agent (NaClO) while being stirred in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide which had been kept to a predetermined temperature so that nickel hydroxide as a main component was put in higher order (e.g., average valence is raised to 2.8) Subsequently, to the material was added dropwise a predetermined amount of a reducing agent (H2O2) so that the higher order nickel hydroxide as a main component was reduced (e.g.

Abstract: A laminated structure of a flat plate type solid oxide fuel cell, comprising an alloy metal separator having a flat plate and a slit plate, wherein the flat plate is brought into contact with the slit plate after the slit plate is brought into contact with an air pole or the air pole is brought into contact with the slit plate after the slit plate is brought into contact with the flat plate, whereby a problem with the working of the alloy metal separator can be eliminated, and also the excellent performance of the flat plate type solid oxide fuel cell can be maintained by using the separator.

Abstract: A alkali storage cell includes a non-sintered type nickel electrode which includes a highly efficient nickel hydroxide active material and which causes no capacity decrease during an over-discharge operation. The nickel electrode contains an active material composed of nickel hydroxide, a solid solution of at least one of zinc, cadmium, magnesium, and calcium which are added to the nickel hydroxide, and cobalt compound layers which are formed over the surfaces of particles of the nickel hydroxide. The cobalt compound layers have an oxidation number of larger than 2 and a disordered crystal structure. Such an active material can be manufactured by mixing nickel hydroxide powder containing a solid solution of at least one of zinc, cadmium, magnesium, and calcium with either metallic cobalt or a cobalt compound, and subjecting the mixture to heat treatment in the presence of oxygen and alkali.

Abstract: An alkaline storage battery includes a positive electrode active material containing nickel hydroxide as a main component. A part of the surface of the nickel hydroxide is unevenly covered with a cobalt compound having an average oxidation number of larger than +2 and containing alkaline cations. Since only a part of the surface of the nickel hydroxide is covered with the cobalt compound, the nickel hydroxide not covered with the cobalt compound is brought into direct contact with the electrolyte, thus improving the high rate discharging characteristic. Since a part of the surface of the nickel hydroxide is covered with the high-order cobalt compound containing alkaline cations, the high-order cobalt compound with high conductivity produces a highly conductive network within the positive electrode so that the rate of using the active material is improved.

Abstract: An alkaline storage battery comprising a positive electrode active material mainly composed of nickel hydroxide, characterized in that the nickel hydroxide is a higher order nickel hydroxide covered with a cobalt compound on the surface thereof or in the vicinity thereof and the higher order nickel hydroxide is provided with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of yttrium compound, erbium compound and ytterbium compound on the surface thereof or in the vicinity

Abstract: The invention provides a nickel-hydrogen storage battery which shows no deterioration of high rate discharge performance even after prolonged storage.

Abstract: A high capacity alkaline storage battery which exhibits a maintained dischargeability and a reduced excess negative electrode capacity by decreasing the content of &ggr;-NiOOH left in higher order positive active material. To an aqueous solution of a mixture of nickel sulfate, zinc sulfate and cobalt sulfate was gradually added an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide with stirring to cause the crystallization of nickel hydroxide. Nickel hydroxide thus crystallized was washed, dehydrated, and then dried. To nickel hydroxide was then added dropwise a predetermined amount of an oxidizing agent (NaClO) while being stirred in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide which had been kept to a predetermined temperature so that nickel hydroxide as a main component was put in higher order (e.g., average valence is raised to 2.8) Subsequently, to the material was added dropwise a predetermined amount of a reducing agent (H2O2) so that the higher order nickel hydroxide as a main component was reduced (e.g.

Abstract: An alkaline storage battery includes a positive electrode active material containing nickel hydroxide as a main component. A part of the surface of the nickel hydroxide is unevenly covered with a cobalt compound having an average oxidation number of larger than +2 and containing alkaline cations. Since only a part of the surface of the nickel hydroxide is covered with the cobalt compound, the nickel hydroxide not covered with the cobalt compound is brought into direct contact with the electrolyte, thus improving the high rate discharging characteristic. Since a part of the surface of the nickel hydroxide is covered with the high-order cobalt compound containing alkaline cations, the high-order cobalt compound with high conductivity produces a highly conductive network within the positive electrode so that the rate of using the active material is improved.

Abstract: A nickel hydroxide active material for use in an alkaline storage cell, the active material being essentially composed of nickel hydroxide particles covered with a cobalt compound adhered to their surfaces, wherein the cobalt compound is disordered in a crystal structure and formed in a higher order state containing alkali cation, and wherein the nickel hydroxide is in the form of a higher order nickel compound having an average oxidation value of 2.15 to 2.40.

Abstract: A boiler recovers a soda component from pulp spent liquor and is able to prevent carry-over of unburnt char and deformation of a char bed configuration and to attain a stable combustion with low NOx generation. By regulating the combustion air supply, and feeding inert gas along a furnace side wall around the char bed, there are formed a combustion zone of reduction atmospheric field where air ratio in the surroundings of the char bed is 0.8 or less, a combustion zone of reduction atmospheric field where air ratio is 1.0 or less and unburnt components exist (including the case of a reduction atmospheric field where air ratio is 1.0 or less and unburnt components exist with the two combustion zones being combined together) and a combustion zone where combustion is completed.

Abstract: A nickel electrode for an alkaline storage cell manufactured by the steps of precipitating cobalt hydroxide on the surface of a first nickel active material essentially composed of nickel hydroxide, subjecting the first nickel active material to heat treatment under the presence of an alkaline solution and oxygen to that the cobalt hydroxide precipitated on the first nickel active material is disordered to its crystal structure and is formed in a higher order cobalt compound containing alkaline cation, and mixing the first nickel active material subjected to the alkali heat treatment with a second nickel hydroxide active material essentially composed of nickel hydroxide without forming any conductive substance of lower in dissolubility to the alkaline solution.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a nickel active material, nickel hydroxide particles coated with cobalt hydroxide are put on the mesh disk 4 of the fluidized granulator 1. Then, hot air is continuously supplied from outside through the hot air inlet 5, while air inside the fluidized granulator 5 is continuously emitted through the air outlet 8. At the same time, the nickel hydroxide particles are stirred with the stirring fan 3 and further dispersed by a hot air current. In this condition, an alkali aqueous solution is sprayed on the nickel hydroxide particles through the spray nozzle 7 by the pump 9. After the spray, the nickel hydroxide particles are further stirred in hot air so as to complete an alkali heat treatment.

Abstract: A nickel active material for an alkali storage cell whose surface is covered with a cobalt compound, wherein the diffusion and permeation into the nickel hydroxide mother particles of cobalt compound during excessive discharging, which act to reduce the active material efficiency and the excessive discharging characteristics, are prevented. This is achieved by having a covering layer, including one or more of the following metal compounds; an aluminum compound, a magnesium compound, an indium compound and a zinc compound, in addition to a cobalt compound, formed on the surface of a mother particle of nickel hydroxide, and by heat treating the covered mother particles in the presence of alkali and oxygen so as to convert the cobalt compound into a compound of cobalt where an oxidization number of cobalt is greater than 2.