Abstract: The present disclosure provides, for example, a method that can produce a fluorolactone compound from hexafluoropropylene oxide or the like in a single step. The present disclosure relates to a method for producing a compound represented by formula (1): wherein two R1 are the same and each is a fluorine atom or a fluoroalkyl group, the method comprising step A of reacting a compound represented by formula (2): wherein R1 is as defined above, with a compound represented by formula (3): wherein R31, R32, and R33 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, or two of them are optionally linked to each other to form a ring optionally having one or more substituents, and a compound represented by formula (4-1) or the like: wherein R41, R42, R43, and R44 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom ox an alkyl group, or two of them are optionally linked to each other to form a ring optionally having one or more substituents.

Abstract: A method for producing a hydrocarbon including: preparing a molten salt containing a carbonate of a first metal; obtaining precipitates containing a first metal carbide by applying a voltage to the molten salt; and obtaining a gas containing the hydrocarbon and a hydroxide of the first metal by hydrolyzing the first metal carbide.

Abstract: An energy utilization system includes a circulation circuit. The circulation circuit includes a pump, a heating section, an electrolytic reduction apparatus, and a thermal energy recovery section. The pump receives a heating medium and outputs the heating medium. The heating section heats the heating medium by using renewable energy or energy obtained from waste heat. The electrolytic reduction apparatus heats an electrolytic solution with heat from the heating medium. The circulation circuit circulates the heating medium. A method for producing a carbon-containing material includes heating a heating medium circulating in a circulation circuit by using renewable energy or energy obtained from waste heat, and performing electrolytic reduction by heating an electrolytic solution with heat from the heating medium that has been heated.

Abstract: A composition including a fluoropolymer and substantially free from a compound represented by the following formula (3): (H—(CF2)8—SO3)qM2, wherein M2 is H, a metal atom, NR54, imidazolium optionally containing a substituent, pyridinium optionally containing a substituent, or phosphonium optionally containing a substituent; R5s are each H or an organic group and are the same as or different from each other; and q is 1 or 2.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing cyclic compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein A is a divalent organic group; and R is a divalent organic group containing a fluoropolyether group.

Abstract: An alkyl sulfate ester containing a carbonyl group or a salt thereof. The compound is represented by the following formula: R1—C(—O)—(CR22)n—(OR3)p—(CR42)q-L-OSO3X wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, L, X, n, p and q are as defined herein. Also disclosed is a production method for making the alkyl sulfate ester.

Abstract: An oil-resistant agent containing a modified natural product which is a bio-based compound having at least one carboxyl group and in which a hydroxyl group of a carboxyl group is substituted with an R group, or a carboxyl group is substituted with an Ra group. R group: —X—R1 or —X-D-X?—R1. Ra group: wherein X is a direct bond, —O—, —NR11—, or —S—, and R1 is a hydrocarbon group having 1-40 carbon atoms, or a polysiloxane, D is an alkylene group having 1-10 carbon atoms, X? is —C(?O)—O—, —O—(?O)—, —C(?O)—NR12—, or —NR12—C(?O)— (where, R11 and R12 are each hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1-40 carbon atoms). Also disclosed is a textile product, an oil-resistant paper, a food packaging material or a food container each including the oil-resistant agent, as well as a method of treating paper with the oil-resistant agent.

Abstract: Provided is a compound represented by Formula (1A) below wherein the symbols are as defined in the description: Also disclosed are a composition containing at least one of the compound and a formed article of the compound.

Abstract: A fluoropolymer of a monomer (I) represented by the general formula (I), wherein a content of a polymerization unit (I) derived from the monomer (I) is 50% by mass or more based on all polymerization units constituting the fluoropolymer: CX2?CX—O—Rf—SO3M??General formula (I) wherein X is independently F or CF3; Rf is a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkylene group having 2 to 100 carbon atoms and having an ether bond or a keto group; and M is —H, a metal atom, —NR74, imidazolium optionally having a substituent, pyridinium optionally having a substituent, or phosphonium optionally having a substituent, wherein R7 is H or an organic group. Also disclosed are an aqueous solution and coating composition containing the fluoropolymer.

Abstract: A composition containing: a compound (2); a metal compound; and at least one selected from a compound (3) and a compound (4), the compound (3) being contained in an amount of 10000 ppm or less relative to the compound (2), the compound (4) being contained in an amount of 10000 ppm or less relative to the compound (2), the compound (2) being represented by the following formula (2): the compound (3) being represented by the following formula (3): and the compound (4) being represented by the following formula (4): wherein the various substituents of compounds (2), (3) and (4) are as defined herein.

Abstract: A joined article including: a resin (1) having a linear expansion coefficient at 30° C. to 200° C. of 17 ppm/° C. or higher and a thickness of 5 to 100 ?m; and a metal joined to a surface of the resin (1) and having a thickness of 5 to 50 ?m. The resin (1) includes a heat-affected layer that is close to the metal and that occupies 80% or less of the thickness of the resin (1), and the joined article is a dielectric material for a substrate. Also disclosed is a substrate including the joined article and a resin (2) stacked on the joined article.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide, for example, a novel method for synthesizing a fluorovinyl ether compound from a fluorine-containing vinyl compound.

Abstract: An oil-resistant agent including a polymer (A) in which a polymer (a1) having at least one selected from a hydroxyl group and an amino group is modified with a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 7 to 40 carbon atoms (a2). A total amount of vinyl alcohol units and vinylamine units in all repeating units of the polymer (a1) is 40 mol % or more. Further, a ratio of modification of the polymer (A) with the aliphatic hydrocarbon group (a2) is 25 to 100 mol % relative to a total amount of hydroxyl groups and amino groups of the polymer (a1). Also disclosed is a paper product treated with the oil-resistant agent, and an oil-resistant agent wherein the polymer (a1) and the aliphatic hydrocarbon group (a2) are bonded through an ester bond.

Abstract: A method for producing a fluororesin composition for compression molding excluding ram extrusion molding, the method including: mixing a powder of a fluororesin A1 having a history of being heated to a melting point thereof or higher and an aqueous dispersion containing particles of a fluororesin B1 and having a solid concentration of 50% by mass or lower to provide a mixture; and drying the mixture to provide a fluororesin composition.

Abstract: A fluororesin composition, and a molded article obtained from the fluororesin composition. The fluororesin composition containing: a non-melt-flowable fluororesin A having a history of being heated to a melting point thereof or higher; and a non-melt-flowable fluororesin B having no history of being heated to a melting point thereof or higher. The fluororesin composition contains a tetrafluoroethylene unit and a modifying monomer unit based on a modifying monomer copolymerizable with tetrafluoroethylene. Further, the fluororesin composition is a powder for compression molding excluding ram extrusion molding.

Abstract: A fluororesin composition and a molded article obtained from the fluororesin composition, the fluororesin composition containing: a non-melt-flowable fluororesin A having a history of being heated to a melting point thereof or higher; and a non-melt-flowable fluororesin B having no history of being heated to a melting point thereof or higher and being prepared by suspension polymerization. Further, the fluororesin composition has an apparent density of 0.42 g/ml or higher and 1.00 g/ml or lower, and is a powder for compression molding excluding ram extrusion molding.

Abstract: A fluororesin composition, and a molded article obtained from the fluororesin composition. The fluororesin composition containing: a non-melt-flowable fluororesin A having a history of being heated to a melting point thereof or higher; and a non-melt-flowable fluororesin B having no history of being heated to a melting point thereof or higher and being prepared by suspension polymerization. Further, the fluororesin composition has an apparent density of 0.42 g/ml or higher and 1.00 g/ml or lower, and is in the form of powder.

Abstract: A fluororesin composition having no melt flowability, and a molded article obtained from the fluororesin composition. The fluororesin composition contains: a non-melt-flowable fluororesin A having a history of being heated to a melting point thereof or higher; a melt-flowable fluororesin B; and a non-melt-flowable fluororesin C including a portion having no history of being heated to a melting point thereof or higher.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for producing a fluorinated organic compound, the method being capable of removing a sulfur-containing substance to a high degree, or provide a composition containing a fluorinated organic compound with a low content of a sulfur-containing substance. The present disclosure relates to a method for producing a fluorinated organic compound (pf), the method comprising: [A] reaction step A of fluorinating an organic sulfur compound (ss) with a fluorinating agent to obtain a composition (?) containing a fluorinated organic compound (pf); and [B] post-treatment step B of reacting the composition (?) with a nucleophile at a temperature of 40° C. or higher.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a vinyl ether, a simple method for producing the vinyl ether, a haloether used for producing the vinyl ether, and a method for producing the vinyl ether. The object can be achieved by producing a haloether by a method comprising step 1a of allowing a compound represented by formula (1): R1O?Y+??(1) wherein Y+ represents a cation and R1 is an organic group, to react, in the presence of a halogenating agent, with a compound represented by formula (2a): wherein R2a and R3a each independently represent H or an alkyl group, R4a represents H, a halogen, or an organic group, and X1a represents a halogen other than F.