Abstract: A polytetrafluoroethylene having a breaking strength of 10.0 N or more and a thermal instability index (TII) of 20 or more. Also disclosed is a stretched body including the polytetrafluoroethylene.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for producing a fluorine-containing methylene compound. The above object can be achieved by a method for producing a compound represented by formula (1): wherein R1 represents an organic group, RA represents hydrogen or fluorine, R4a represents hydrogen or an organic group, R4b represents hydrogen or an organic group, R5a represents hydrogen or an organic group, R5b represents hydrogen or an organic group, and R2 represents hydrogen or an organic group; R2 is optionally connected to R4a to form a ring; the method comprising step A of reacting a compound represented by formula (2): wherein X1 represents a leaving group, and other symbols are as defined above, with a compound represented by formula (3): wherein X2 represents a leaving group, and other symbols are as defined above, in the presence of a reducing agent as desired, under light irradiation.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel liquid repellent. A liquid repellent including a poly(hydrocarbylamine) derivative, which is poly(hydrocarbylamine) substituted by one or more substituents, wherein at least one of the substituents is a substituent on an amine nitrogen in the poly(hydrocarbylamine), and is represented by the formula: —Ray in which Ray is a hydroxyethyl group optionally having one or more substituents (at least one of the substituents is an alkyl group optionally having one or more substituents).

Abstract: A method for producing a fluoromethyl derivative represented by formula (1), the method including step A of reacting an alkene compound represented by formula (2) with a fluorine source represented by formula MFn, in the presence of a hypervalent-iodine aromatic compound (1a), or in the presence of an aromatic iodine compound (1b) and an oxidant (A) to fluorinate the alkene compound.

Abstract: A method for producing a cyclic carbonate represented by the following formula (1): wherein X1 and X2 are the same as or different from each other, and are each a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a monovalent organic group; and R is an organic group containing one or more carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds. The method includes reacting an unsaturated cyclic carbonate represented by the following formula (A): wherein X1 and X2 are defined as described above, and an alcohol represented by the formula (B): R—OH, wherein R is defined as described above, or an alkoxide thereof in the presence of a base, or reacting the unsaturated cyclic carbonate and the alkoxide. Also disclosed is a method for producing a cyclic carbonate.

Abstract: A method for producing a fluoropolymer which includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a surfactant to provide a fluoropolymer. The surfactant includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a surfactant represented by R1a—CO—R2 a—CO—R3a—OSO3Xa and a surfactant represented by R1b—CO—(CR2b2)n—(OR3b)p—(CR4b2)q-L-OSO3Xb.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a fluorinated organic compound, whereby an iodosylbenzene derivative can be easily separated and recovered.

Abstract: A method for producing a fluoropolymer of the invention which includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a surfactant to provide a fluoropolymer. The surfactant includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a surfactant represented by R1a—CO—R2a—CO—R3a-Aa and a surfactant represented by R1b—CO—(CR2b2)n—(OR3b)p—(CR4b2)q-L-Ab.

Abstract: A method for producing a fluoropolymer, which includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a surfactant to provide a fluoropolymer, wherein the surfactant is a carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon-containing surfactant.

Abstract: A method for producing a lithium sulfamate which includes (1) reacting a compound (1) represented by the following formula (1): wherein X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine, with a compound (2) represented by the following formula (2): wherein R1 and R2 are each individually —H or a substituent as defined herein, the substituent optionally containing at least one bi- to hexavalent heteroatom in the structure and being a substituent in which at least one hydrogen atom is optionally replaced with a fluorine atom or a C0-C7 functional group, to obtain a compound (3) represented by the following formula (3): wherein R1 and R2 are defined as above.

Abstract: A carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid salt containing a plurality of carbonyl groups, and a surfactant represented by the following formula: R1—C(?O)—R2—C(?O)—R3-A wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined herein, and A is —COOX or —SO3X, wherein X is H, a metal atom, NR44, imidazolium optionally containing a substituent, pyridinium optionally containing a substituent, or phosphonium optionally containing a substituent, where R4s are each H or an organic group and are the same as or different from each other; and any two of R1, R2, and R3 optionally bind to each other to form a ring.

Abstract: A main object of the present invention is to provide a novel acetylpolyamine detection agent that is easy to produce and use. This object is achieved by an acetylpolyamine detection agent comprising compound (A) having one or more polyether rings, wherein the polyether rings have one or more hydroxyl groups as substituents.

Abstract: A method for producing a fluoropolymer which includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a surfactant to provide a fluoropolymer, the surfactant being represented by the general formula (1): CR1R2R4—CR3R5—X-A, wherein R1 to R5 are each H or a monovalent substituent, with the proviso that at least one of R1 and R3 represents a group represented by the general formula: —Y—R6 and at least one of R2 and R5 represents a group represented by the general formula: —X-A or a group represented by the general formula: —Y—R6; and A is the same or different at each occurrence and is —COOM, —SO3M, or —OSO3M. Also disclosed is a surfactant for polymerization represented by the general formula (1), a method for producing a fluoropolymer using the surfactant and a composition including a fluoropolymer and the surfactant.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a fluorinated organic compound, whereby an iodosylbenzene derivative can be easily separated and recovered. The above object can be achieved by a method for producing a fluorinated organic compound, comprising step A of fluorinating an organic compound (1) by reaction with a fluorine source (3) in the presence of a hypervalent iodine aromatic ring compound (2a), or in the presence of an iodine aromatic ring compound (2b) and an oxidant (2bo); wherein the fluorine source (3) is a fluorine source (3a) represented by formula: MFn, wherein M is H, a metal of Group 1 of the periodic table, or a metal of Group 2 of the periodic table; and n is 1 or 2; and step B of separating the iodine aromatic ring compound from a reaction liquid after step A is started.

Abstract: A method for producing a carbonyl compound represented by formula (1): wherein R1 is hydrogen or an organic group; R2 is hydrogen or an organic group; and R3 is hydrogen or an organic group; or two or three of R1, R2, and R3 may be linked to form a ring that may have at least one substituent, the method comprising step A of oxidizing an olefin compound represented by formula (2): wherein symbols are as defined above, by an oxidizing agent in the presence of (a) a non-alcohol organic solvent, (b) water, (c) a metal catalyst, and (d) an additive represented by the formula: MXn, wherein M is an element belonging to any one of Group 1, Group 2, Group 13, Group 14, and Group 15 in the periodic table, or NR4, wherein R is hydrogen or a C1-10 organic group; X is halogen; and n is a number of 1 to 5.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for purifying the following fullerene derivative represented by formula (1) that is advantageous in production costs.

Abstract: An alkyl sulfate ester containing a carbonyl group or a salt thereof. The compound is represented by the following formula: R1—C(?O)—(CR22)n—(OR3)p(CR42)q-L-OSO3X wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, L, X, n, p and q are as defined herein. Also disclosed is a production method for making the alkyl sulfate ester.

Abstract: A method for producing a fluoropolymer, which includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a polymer (1), the polymer (1) including a polymerized unit derived from a monomer CX2?CY(—CZ2—O—Rf-A), wherein X is the same or different and is —H or —F; Y is —H, —F, an alkyl group, or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; Z is the same or different and is —H, —F, an alkyl group, or a fluoroalkyl group; Rf is a C1-C40 fluorine-containing alkylene group or a C—C100 fluorine-containing alkylene group and having an ether bond; and A is —COOM, —SO3M, or —OSO3M, wherein M is —H, a metal atom, —NR74, imidazolium optionally having a substituent, pyridinium optionally having a substituent, or phosphonium optionally having a substituent, wherein R7 is H or an organic group, providing that at least one of X, Y, and Z contains a fluorine atom.

Abstract: A carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid salt containing a plurality of carbonyl groups, and a surfactant represented by the following formula: R1—C(?O)—R2—C(?O)—R3-A wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined herein, and A is —COOX or —SO3X, wherein X is H, a metal atom, NR44, imidazolium optionally containing a substituent, pyridinium optionally containing a substituent, or phosphonium optionally containing a substituent, where R4s are each H or an organic group and are the same as or different from each other; and any two of R1, R2, and R3 optionally bind to each other to form a ring.

Abstract: The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a novel method for producing a difluoromethylene compound. This problem is solved by a method for producing a difluoromethylene compound containing a —CF2— moiety, the method comprising step A of mixing: a) a carbonyl compound containing a —C(O)— moiety; b) optionally an amine; c) a fluoride represented by the formula: MF, wherein M represents a Group 1 element of the periodic table; d) a halogenated fluorine compound represented by the formula: XFn, wherein X represents chlorine, bromine, or iodine, and n is a natural number of 1 to 5; and e) sulfur chloride.