Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides an organic semiconductor material for electron transport. The organic semiconductor material for electron transport may have a structure represented by the following Formula 1: wherein X1 and X2 each independently represent oxygen (O) or sulfur (S) and R1 and R2 each may independently contain a pyridine group, a dipyridylbenzene group, a fluoropyridine group, a diphenylthiazole group, a diphenyloxazole group, a triphenyldiazole group, a phenylthiadiazole group, a phenyloxadiazole group, a diphenyltriazole group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrimidylbenzene group, a phenylpyrimidine group, a diphenylphosphine oxide group, a diphenyltriazine group or a phenyltetrazine group.

Abstract: The compound is represented by Formula 1. In Formula 1, X is O or S, and R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl and —P(O)—R3R4, where the aryl, heteroaryl and —P(O)—R3R4 are substituted or unsubstituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy, aryl and heteroaryl. The “aryl” means a group consisting of 6 to 10 cyclic rings, and the “heteroaryl” means a group consisting of 5 to 14 cyclic rings having 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen (including quaternary nitrogen). R3 and R4 are independently selected from aryl or heteroaryl.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a nanowire of a core-shell structure including a metal nanowire core and a graphene shell, comprising the steps of: providing a metal nanowire; and coating the metal nanowire with graphene by a plasma chemical vapor deposition method. In addition, the present invention relates to: a nanowire having a core-shell structure including a metal nanowire core and a graphene shell; and a transparent electrode formed from the nanowire. The transparent electrode formed from the nanowire having a core-shell structure has advantages of having controllable copper oxidation characteristics, being optically, electrically and mechanically excellent, and enabling the transparent electrode to be manufactured at a low cost.

Abstract: The compound is represented by Formula 1. In Formula 1, X is O or S, and R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl and —P(O)—R3R4, where the aryl, heteroaryl and —P(O)—R3R4 are substituted or unsubstituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy, aryl and heteroaryl. The “aryl” means a group consisting of 6 to 10 cyclic rings, and the “heteroaryl” means a group consisting of 5 to 14 cyclic rings having 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen (including quaternary nitrogen). R3 and R4 are independently selected from aryl or heteroaryl.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides an organic semiconductor material for electron transport. The organic semiconductor material for electron transport may have a structure represented by the following Formula 1: wherein X1 and X2 each independently represent oxygen (O) or sulfur (S) and R1 and R2 each may independently contain a pyridine group, a dipyridylbenzene group, a fluoropyridine group, a diphenylthiazole group, a diphenyloxazole group, a triphenyldiazole group, a phenylthiadiazole group, a phenyloxadiazole group, a diphenyltriazole group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrimidylbenzene group, a phenylpyrimidine group, a diphenylphosphine oxide group, a diphenyltriazine group or a phenyltetrazine group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a conductive polymer, the organic photovoltaic cell comprising the same, and the synthesis method of the same. The novel polymer, according to the present invention, displays more excellent optical properties and higher photoelectric conversion efficiency than the conventional RRa (regiorandom) polymer due to its symmetrical structure of quaterthiophene and benzothiadiazole substituted with fluorine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a conductive polymer, the organic photovoltaic cell comprising the same, and the synthesis method of the same. The novel polymer, according to the present invention, displays more excellent optical properties and higher photoelectric conversion efficiency than the conventional RRa (regiorandom) polymer due to its symmetrical structure of quaterthiophene and benzothiadiazole substituted with fluorine.

Abstract: A touch substrate includes a base substrate, a common electrode and a wire electrode. The base substrate has a plurality of common electrode areas. A common electrode is disposed in each of the common electrode areas. The common electrode has a plurality of first electrode lines extended in a first direction and arranged in a second direction crossing the first direction and a plurality of second electrode lines arranged in the first direction. The wire electrode is connected to an end of the common electrode to apply a voltage to the common electrode. The common electrode and the wire electrode are simultaneously formed through a same process using a printing substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a nanowire of a core-shell structure including a metal nanowire core and a graphene shell, comprising the steps of: providing a metal nanowire; and coating the metal nanowire with graphene by a plasma chemical vapor deposition method. In addition, the present invention relates to: a nanowire having a core-shell structure including a metal nanowire core and a graphene shell; and a transparent electrode formed from the nanowire. The transparent electrode formed from the nanowire having a core-shell structure has advantages of having controllable copper oxidation characteristics, being optically, electrically and mechanically excellent, and enabling the transparent electrode to be manufactured at a low cost.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes first, second and third substrates, first and second liquid crystal layers, first and second polarizing elements and a phase retarding element. The first substrate includes a first electrode part. The first liquid crystal layer is disposed on the first substrate. The second substrate is disposed on the first liquid crystal layer and includes a color filter and a second electrode part on a first surface and a third electrode part on a second surface. The second liquid crystal layer is disposed on the second substrate. The third substrate is disposed on the second liquid crystal layer and includes a fourth electrode part on a first surface. The first polarizing element is disposed under the first liquid crystal layer. The second polarizing element is disposed over the first liquid crystal layer. The phase retarding element is disposed over the second liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes first, second and third substrates, first and second liquid crystal layers, first and second polarizing elements and a phase retarding element. The first substrate includes a first electrode part. The first liquid crystal layer is disposed on the first substrate. The second substrate is disposed on the first liquid crystal layer and includes a color filter and a second electrode part on a first surface and a third electrode part on a second surface. The second liquid crystal layer is disposed on the second substrate. The third substrate is disposed on the second liquid crystal layer and includes a fourth electrode part on a first surface. The first polarizing element is disposed under the first liquid crystal layer. The second polarizing element is disposed over the first liquid crystal layer. The phase retarding element is disposed over the second liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A touch substrate includes a base substrate, a common electrode and a wire electrode. The base substrate has a plurality of common electrode areas. A common electrode is disposed in each of the common electrode areas. The common electrode has a plurality of first electrode lines extended in a first direction and arranged in a second direction crossing the first direction and a plurality of second electrode lines arranged in the first direction. The wire electrode is connected to an end of the common electrode to apply a voltage to the common electrode. The common electrode and the wire electrode are simultaneously formed through a same process using a printing substrate.

Abstract: A touch substrate includes a base substrate, a common electrode and a wire electrode. The base substrate has a plurality of common electrode areas. A common electrode is disposed in each of the common electrode areas. The common electrode has a plurality of first electrode lines extended in a first direction and arranged in a second direction crossing the first direction and a plurality of second electrode lines arranged in the first direction. The wire electrode is connected to an end of the common electrode to apply a voltage to the common electrode. The common electrode and the wire electrode are simultaneously formed through a same process using a printing substrate.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing an offset printing substrate and a method of manufacturing a display substrate, the method includes forming a first coating layer on a base substrate on which is formed a first concave pattern having a first width. An intermediate substrate is also formed upon the first coating layer of the base substrate, the intermediate substrate having a pattern corresponding to the first concave pattern. An offset printing substrate is also formed upon the pattern of the intermediate substrate, the offset printing substrate having a second concave pattern is formed to correspond to the pattern of the intermediate substrate, and the second concave pattern has a second width smaller than the first width.

Abstract: A touch display panel may include a display unit and a touch unit. The display unit may include a first base substrate having a plurality of pixel electrodes, a second base substrate including a common electrode disposed on a first face of the second base substrate, and an electro optical layer disposed between the pixel electrodes and the common electrode. The first face faces the first base substrate. The touch unit includes a color filter layer including a plurality of color filters and a first electrode part including first electrodes disposed on a second face of the second base substrate, and a third base substrate including a second electrode part extended along a direction crossing the first electrodes. The first electrodes may be disposed on a boundary area of the color filters having different colors from each other, so that mixing of the colors is prevented.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes first, second and third substrates, first and second liquid crystal layers, first and second polarizing elements and a phase retarding element The first substrate includes a first electrode part. The first liquid crystal layer is disposed on the first substrate. The second substrate is disposed on the first liquid crystal layer and includes a color filter and a second electrode part on a first surface and a third electrode part on a second surface. The second liquid crystal layer is disposed on fee second substrate. The third substrate is disposed on the second liquid crystal layer and includes a fourth electrode part on a first surface. The first polarizing element is disposed under the first liquid crystal layer. The second polarizing element is disposed over the first liquid crystal layer. The phase retarding element is disposed over the second liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing an offset printing substrate and a method of manufacturing a display substrate, the method includes forming a first coating layer on a base substrate on which is formed a first concave pattern having a first width. An intermediate substrate is also formed upon the first coating layer of the base substrate, the intermediate substrate having a pattern corresponding to the first concave pattern. An offset printing substrate is also formed upon the pattern of the intermediate substrate, the offset printing substrate having a second concave pattern is formed to correspond to the pattern of the intermediate substrate, and the second concave pattern has a second width smaller than the first width.

Abstract: A method of forming ink patterns and an apparatus for printing ink patterns capable of reducing the amount of wasted ink and enhancing the printing and positional precision of the shape of ink patterns on a member to be printed, are described herein.

Abstract: A touch display panel may include a display unit and a touch unit. The display unit may include a first base substrate having a plurality of pixel electrodes, a second base substrate including a common electrode disposed on a first face of the second base substrate, and an electro optical layer disposed between the pixel electrodes and the common electrode. The first face faces the first base substrate. The touch unit includes a color filter layer including a plurality of color filters and a first electrode part including first electrodes disposed on a second face of the second base substrate, and a third base substrate including a second electrode part extended along a direction crossing the first electrodes. The first electrodes may be disposed on a boundary area of the color filters having different colors from each other, so that mixing of the colors is prevented.

Abstract: A printing plate for gravure printing includes; a base body, a first convex portion disposed having a first height on the base body, a concave portion disposed between adjacent regions of the first convex portion, and a second convex portion disposed in the concave portion and having a second height smaller than that of the first height, wherein the concave portion includes a first concave portion and a second concave portion and a width of the second concave portion is larger than that of the first concave portion, and the second convex portion is disposed within the second concave portion.