Abstract: The disclosure relates to technology for beam failure recovery in user equipment, comprising detecting a beam failure event between the user equipment and a base station, sending a first beam failure recovery request (BFRQ) to the base station upon detection of the beam failure and searching for a beam failure recovery response (BFRP) within a first response window.

Abstract: A method for operating a first station includes receiving a first management frame from a communications device, and generating an optimized management frame including a reference to the first management frame and update information for the first management frame specific to the first station. The method also includes transmitting the optimized management frame.

Abstract: A wireless communication device that is receiving a frame may determine whether the frame is an Up-Link Multi-User (UL MU) frame, receive the frame by performing a first procedure when the frame is determined to be the UL MU frame, and receive the frame by performing a second procedure when the frame is not determined to be the UL MU frame. Performing the first procedure may include performing a comparison of contents of a Legacy Signal (L-SIG) field of the frame to expected contents of the L-SIG field, performing a comparison of contents of a Signal A (SIG-A) field of the frame to expected contents of the SIG-A field, or both. The SIG-A field may be a High Efficiency SIG-A (HE-SIG-A) field.

Abstract: A multi-user uplink transmission is performed by analyzing, by a first wireless station, a spatial reuse field in a first frame, and generating, by the first wireless station, a second frame, wherein the second frame includes a spatial reuse field that is generated based on the spatial reuse field of the first frame. The first frame and the second frame are within the same transmission opportunity (TXOP) and the first frame is transmitted prior to the second frame during the TXOP.

Abstract: In wireless communications for multi-users, an access point may generate a trigger frame, which may include a trigger indication. The trigger indication may indicate whether a second trigger frame will be transmitted during a time interval. The trigger indication may use a single bit. The trigger frame may also include resource allocation for one or more stations. When the access point transmits the trigger frame, the station(s) may transmit an uplink frame(s) in response to the trigger frame. The access point may transmit a second trigger frame in the time interval. In response to the second trigger frame, the station(s) may transmit additional uplink frame(s) to the access point. The station(s) may save the resource allocation included in the trigger frame and utilize the same resource allocation for the uplink frame(s) and the additional uplink frame(s). Other methods, apparatus, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.

Abstract: In wireless communications, an access point may transmit a first frame to one or more stations. In response to the first frame, the station(s) may transmit a respective second frame to the access point. The access point may generate a beamforming report based on the second frame(s) received by the access point from the station(s). The access point may transmit a third frame(s) that includes the beamforming report to the station(s). The station(s) may generate a respective beamforming matrix based at least on the third frame(s). Other methods, apparatus, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and devices are described that facilitate uplink multi-user acknowledgment transmissions. In particular, acknowledgment information may be located in a media access control (MAC) header of a payload section of a MAC Protocol Data Unit within a downlink multi-user frame. The acknowledgment information may be present in each resource unit of the downlink multi-user frame to indicate to each corresponding station properties/characteristics of a subsequent acknowledgment transmission. The properties may include one or more of (1) whether the acknowledgement transmission is multi-user or single user, (2) whether the acknowledgement transmission is transmitted immediately following receipt of the downlink multi-user frame or upon receipt of a multi-user block acknowledgement request frame, and (3) resource scheduling information for an uplink multi-user acknowledgement transmission.

Abstract: A method for operating a station during a discovery process includes transmitting a first Layer 2 frame to an access point (AP), the first Layer 2 frame including a first version number associated with first higher layer information and an identifier of a protocol associated with both the first higher layer information and the first version number, receiving a second Layer 2 frame from the AP including an indication that a second version number associated with a second higher layer information is the same as the first version number, and deciding whether to perform a network selection process in accordance with the first higher layer information.

Abstract: The embodiments provide a method implemented by a network device in a wireless local area network (WLAN) to provide a deferred clear channel assessment (CCA) from a physical layer to an upper layer within the network device. The deferred CCA enables the upper layer to make a final decision on the state of a wireless medium. The method identifies at least one condition on a wireless medium where an upper layer decision is required to determine a state of the wireless medium, and passes on requisite data to the upper layer to enable a decision on the state of the wireless medium. The deferred CCA process supports more complex CCA processes that may rely on information available in an upper layer.

Abstract: A method for communicating in a wireless communications system includes receiving scheduling information including information for an uplink transmission scheduled for the station, and determining a first length of a first cyclic prefix for a transmission in accordance with the scheduling information. The method also includes transmitting the transmission with the first cyclic prefix.

Abstract: Embodiments are provided for implementing efficient uplink (UL) orthogonal frequency division-multiple access (OFDMA) transmission in wireless systems, such as in WiFi networks. An embodiment method includes sending, by an access point (AP) to a plurality of stations (STAs), scheduling information for periodic UL transmission, and sending, to the STAs, a short synchronous signal (SSS) in accordance with the scheduling information for periodic UL transmission. The method further includes receiving, from the STAs, a corresponding UL transmission in response to receiving the SSS. The UL transmission is sent by each of the plurality of the STAs at about a same time. The STAs wait for a time short interframe space (SIFS) after receiving the SSS, before sending, to the AP, the UL transmission.

Abstract: In wireless communications for multi-users, an access point may generate a trigger frame, which may include a trigger indication. The trigger indication may indicate whether a second trigger frame will be transmitted during a time interval. The trigger indication may use a single bit. The trigger frame may also include resource allocation for one or more stations. When the access point transmits the trigger frame, the station(s) may transmit an uplink frame(s) in response to the trigger frame. The access point may transmit a second trigger frame in the time interval. In response to the second trigger frame, the station(s) may transmit additional uplink frame(s) to the access point. The station(s) may save the resource allocation included in the trigger frame and utilize the same resource allocation for the uplink frame(s) and the additional uplink frame(s). Other methods, apparatus, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of recycling a filler included in artificial turf by sorting the filler into two or more materials, including: a first sorting operation of sorting the two or more materials based on a grain size; and a second sorting operation of sorting the materials, which are sorted by the first sorting operation and have grain sizes belonging to a predetermined range, based on specific gravity.

Abstract: A method implemented by an Access Point (AP) in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) to facilitate an unassociated station (STA) to participate in an uplink multi-user simultaneous transmission. The method includes receiving a request frame from the unassociated STA and generating a response frame, where the response frame includes timing information regarding a future transmission, by the AP, of a trigger frame. The trigger frame includes scheduling information for scheduling an uplink multi-user simultaneous transmission, where at least one transmission resource unit allocated for the uplink multi-user simultaneous transmission allows random access. The method further includes transmitting the response frame to the unassociated STA through a wireless medium.

Abstract: A method of communicating in a wireless network includes transmitting, by a station, a null data packet (NDP) power save (PS)-Poll frame including a short training field and a long training field. Also, the NDP PS-Poll frame includes a signaling field including a message type indicator, a transmitter address (TA), a receiver address (RA), and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC). Additionally, the method includes receiving, by the station, buffered data in accordance with the NDP PS-Poll frame.

Abstract: A wireless device receives a Multi-User Request-To-Send (MU-RTS) frame, descrambles first scrambled data in the MU-RTS frame using a first scrambling sequence, generates second scrambled data using a second scrambling sequence, and transmits a Clear-to-Send (CTS) frame including the second scrambled data in response to receiving the MU-RTS frame. The second scrambling sequence is an N-bit left cyclic shift of the first scrambling sequence. Another wireless device generates first scrambled data using a first scrambling sequence and transmits an MU-RTS frame including the first scrambled data. The wireless device receives a CTS frame transmitted in response to the MU-RTS frame, and descrambles second scrambled data in the CTS frame using a second scrambling sequence. The second scrambling sequence is an N-bit left cyclic shift of the first scrambling sequence. In either device, N may be 7, and lengths of the first and second scrambling sequences may be 127 bits.

Abstract: A wireless device is described that may selectively include resource allocation information in a frame to be transmitted to one or more other wireless devices. The resource allocation may indicate channel/sub-channel assignment for each wireless device. The wireless devices may each utilize this received resource allocation information to determine the appropriate segment/sub-band of the transmission that is intended for their receipt/consumption. A first signaling field (e.g., HE-SIG-A) may indicate whether the resource allocation information is present in a second signaling field (e.g., HE-SIG-B) of the frame. For example, a single bit may be toggled to indicate the presence of the second signaling field and therefore the presence of the resource allocation information. Alternatively, multiple bits may be used to indicate the length of the second signaling field (e.g., a length of zero indicates the absence of the second signaling field and accordingly the absence of the resource allocation information).

Abstract: A method and system to improve backoff counter handling with relation to a clear channel assessment (CCA) process. The method and system improve a wireless medium availability by adjusting the backoff counter such that the processing of a preamble of a frame received during a backoff is taken into account. Received frames that fall between two CCA thresholds may require decoding of information in the preamble to assess whether the wireless medium is available. A portion of the preamble is decoded that identifies information utilized to determine whether the wireless medium may be considered to be busy. However, during this determination that requires the reading of the preamble of a received frame the backoff counter may be held or decremented even though the wireless medium status is unknown. The method and system provide a set of possible adjustments to the backoff counter to account for this uncertainty and the outcome of the CCA.

Abstract: A process and system provides a high efficiency (HE) sounding procedure that enables a beamformer to signal to each beamformee support for responses allowing other forms of feedback from the beamformee instead of explicit feedback. The HE sounding procedure utilizes additional fields in the frames of the HE sounding procedure to signal the use of the HE sounding procedure. The HE sounding procedure also supports legacy stations that provide standard explicit feedback.

Abstract: A method of communicating in a wireless network includes transmitting, by a station, a null data packet (NDP) power save (PS)-Poll frame including a short training field and a long training field. Also, the NDP PS-Poll frame includes a signaling field including a message type indicator, a transmitter address (TA), a receiver address (RA), and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC). Additionally, the method includes receiving, by the station, buffered data in accordance with the NDP PS-Poll frame.