Abstract: A substrate including: an insulation layer; a conductive layer disposed on the insulation layer; and a via hole configured to include a lower hole disposed in a first portion of the insulation layer and an upper hole disposed in a second portion of the insulating layer and connected to the lower hole, wherein a width of the upper hole is greater than that of the lower hole, at least a portion of the upper hole of the insulation layer has a width that is substantially equal to that of the upper hole of the conductive layer, and a first angle formed between a first direction that is parallel to a lower surface of the insulating layer and a sidewall of the lower hole and a second angle formed between the first direction and a sidewall of the upper hole are different from each other.

Abstract: An embodiment method of recognizing a parking floor for a vehicle includes recognizing a spot at which the vehicle enters a parking deck, obtaining an inclination signal indicating an inclination trajectory of the vehicle traveling during a parking period from entry to the parking deck to parking, obtaining an inclination pulse of the inclination signal based on a reference inclination value, and determining a floor number of the parking deck on which the vehicle is parked using the inclination pulse.

Abstract: Provided is a quantum imaging device. The device includes a first light source configured to generate first light, a first photon pair generation part configured to generate a first entangled photon pair using the first light, a first beam splitter configured to separate the first entangled photon pair into a first signal idler and a first signal line, a first detector configured to receive the first signal idler, a first mirror configured to provide the first signal line to a target, a second detector configured to receive the first signal line transmitted or reflected to the target, and a signal processor connected to the first and second detectors and configured to obtain a target image by comparing a measurement image with a reference image.

Abstract: A method for preparing error recovery of a memory device included in a memory system includes performing a training operation of the memory device upon power-on of the memory system, booting an operating system into a normal mode by operating the memory device using a selected operation frequency of a plurality of operation frequencies based on results of the training operation, detecting an error frequency among the plurality of operation frequencies in response to a change of the selected operation frequency of the memory device by the operating system, the error frequency being an operation frequency which causes at least one error in the memory device, and storing information regarding the detected error frequency in a first register included in a memory controller associated with the memory device.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including pixels connected to a plurality of power input lines and receiving EVSS power, a first power line connected to one end of each of the power input lines to apply first EVSS power, a second power line connected to the other end of each of the power input lines to apply second EVSS power having the same electric potential as that of the first EVSS power, and a power supply configured to apply the first EVSS power through the first power line or to apply the second EVSS power through the second power line.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate including a display area and a non-display area adjacent to the display area, a plurality of pixels disposed on the display area of the substrate, and a switching unit disposed on the non-display area of the substrate, connected to each of the plurality of pixels, and including a plurality of first demultiplexers and a plurality of second demultiplexers having sizes different from sizes of the plurality of first demultiplexers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a component for a semiconductor device fabrication apparatus, a semiconductor device fabrication apparatus including the same, and a method of fabricating a semiconductor device, wherein the component includes single-crystal silicon, wherein, on at least one surface thereof, a water contact angle is 45° to 74° and a diiodomethane contact angle is 41° to 57°.

Abstract: An electronic device may include: a first sensor configured to measure a skin temperature of skin of a user; a second sensor configured to measure heat flux transmitted from the skin to a main body of the electronic device; a third sensor configured to measure a heart rate of the user; and a processor configured to estimate a rate of core body temperature change based on the skin temperature measured at a first time and a second time, the heat flux, the heart rate, and the skin temperature.

Abstract: A video decoding method for decoding an input bitstream in which each of pictures has been encoded with being split into a plurality of tiles, the method includes decoding partial decoding information included in the input bitstream and determining one or more target tiles to be decoded among the plurality of tiles according to the partial decoding information; and decoding video data corresponding to the one or more target tiles, wherein the partial decoding information includes at least one of first information indicating whether to perform partial decoding and second information indicating an area on which partial decoding is to be performed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a vehicle including an electric motor and a method of controlling the same for providing a notification function to an occupant of the vehicle by controlling a pitching motion of a vehicle body. The method includes calculating a first torque value for providing the pitching motion based on driving state information including a vehicle speed, a driving mode, and an environment of a driving road; calculating a second torque value based on a request of a driver; and calculating a final torque value for controlling the electric motor based on the first torque value and the second torque value.

Abstract: A method for producing a bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide lithium salt is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: (a) reacting bis(chlorosulfonyl)imide with NH4F(HF)n (n=0-10) to prepare ammonium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide; and (b) reacting the ammonium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide with a lithium base, wherein in at least one of steps (a) and (b), after the reaction, a process of adding an alkoxy trialkyl silane to the reaction solution to remove a fluorine anion is performed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a separator for electrochemical devices, configured to guarantee electrical insulation between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein the separator includes no polyolefin substrate, and includes inorganic particles, a binder for coupling between the inorganic particles, and a crosslinking agent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stable liquid formulation, comprising an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof, an acetate buffer, glycine, and a surfactant, wherein the stable liquid formulation does not comprise at least one of sugar, a sugar alcohol and a metal salt, and the stable liquid formulation is still stable even upon high antibody content, and is superior in osmolality and viscosity, and subcutaneous administration thereof is possible.

Abstract: Provided are a biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic polyester copolymer having excellent hydrolysis resistance and high viscosity which has a carboxyl end group (CEG) content of 15 mg KOH/g or less, a ratio (Mz/Mn) of a z-average molecular weight (Mz) to a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 3 to 15, and a melt index (MI) of 5 g/10 min or less as measured under conditions of a temperature of 190° C. and a load of 2.16 kg in accordance with ASTM D 1238. A method of preparing a biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic polyester copolymer is provided, including adding a chain extender and an anti-hydrolysis agent to an aliphatic-aromatic polyester pre-copolymer over time, whereby a significant viscosity rise and improvement of hydrolysis resistance may be implemented simultaneously.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for deriving an intra-prediction mode are disclosed. At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method of deriving an intra-prediction mode, including (i) obtaining, based on reference line information indicating any one of a plurality of reference lines, most probable mode (MPM) information indicating whether an intra-prediction mode of a current block is included in an MPM list lacking a planar mode, (ii) determining, based on the reference line information and the MPM information, planar information indicating whether the intra-prediction mode of the current block is the planar mode, and (iii) deriving the intra-prediction mode of the current block by using the planar information.

Abstract: An acrylic adhesive composition including an acrylic copolymer formed by polymerizing a monomer mixture is provided. The monomer mixture includes a monomer represented by [Formula 1], a (meth)acrylic monomer having a crosslinkable functional group, and an alkyl (meth)acrylate-based monomer. The acrylic copolymer has a branched polymer structure. The acrylic composition also includes a polyfunctional acrylate having two or more radically polymerizable functional groups, a first photoinitiator, and a second photoinitiator, wherein the first photoinitiator is an acetophenone-based photoinitiator, and the second photoinitiator is a phosphine oxide-based photoinitiator.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for exclusive reinforcement learning are provided, comprising: collecting information of states of an environment through the communication interface and performing a statistical analysis on the states using the collected information; determining a first state value of a first state among the states in a training phase and a second state value of a second state among the states in an inference phase based on analysis results of the statistical analysis; performing reinforcement learning by using one reinforcement learning unit of a plurality of reinforcement learning unit which performs reinforcement learnings from different perspectives according to the first state value; and selecting one of actions determined by the plurality of reinforcement learning unit based on the second state value and applying selected action to the environment.

Abstract: A method of decoding a motion vector includes: obtaining information indicating a motion vector resolution (MVR) of a current block from a bitstream, selecting one candidate block from among at least one candidate block, based on the MVR of the current block; and obtaining a motion vector of the current block corresponding to the MVR, by using a motion vector of the determined one candidate block as a prediction motion vector of the current block.

Abstract: A coding tool setting method and a video decoding apparatus using the same are disclosed. An embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for setting whether or not to use a coding tool, and provides a coding tool setting method comprising the steps of: decoding, from a bitstream, a profile syntax element indicating a target profile among available profiles and a coding tool syntax element for configurable coding tools, the coding tool syntax element indicating whether or not to apply the coding tool; and setting, on the basis of the coding tool syntax element, target coding tools that are coding tools included in the target profile to be on or off.

Abstract: A method of inter-predicting a current block using any one of a plurality of bi-prediction modes is disclosed. The method comprises decoding, from a bitstream, mode information indicating whether a first mode included in the plurality of bi-prediction modes is applied to the current block. When the mode information indicates that the first mode is applied to the current block, the method further comprises: decoding, from the bitstream, first motion information including differential motion vector information and predicted motion vector information for a first motion vector and second motion information not including at least a portion of predicted motion vector information and differential motion vector information for a second motion vector; and deriving the first motion vector based on the first motion information and deriving the second motion vector based on both at least a portion of the first motion information and the second motion information.