Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal mixture. The first substrate includes a pixel electrode, which includes a first domain forming unit, and a first vertical alignment layer arranged on the pixel electrode. The second substrate faces the first substrate and includes a common electrode and a second vertical alignment layer arranged on the common electrode. The liquid crystal mixture is interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and includes liquid crystal molecules, an ultraviolet-curable monomer, and an ultraviolet-curable initiator. A distance between the first substrate and the second substrate is 3.6 ?m or less, and a rotational viscosity of the liquid crystal mixture is 130 mPa·s or less.

Abstract: A display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a spacer. The first substrate includes a gate line, a data line crossing the gate line to define a pixel area, and a storage electrode formed in the pixel area. The second substrate is coupled with the first substrate and includes a first black matrix corresponding to the storage electrode. The spacer is interposed between the first and second substrates to allow the first and second substrates are spaced apart from each other. Thus, an aperture ratio of the display panel may be improved and a manufacturing cost of the display panel may be reduced.

Abstract: A display panel includes an opposite substrate and an array substrate, the array substrate includes a first base substrate, a plurality of pixels and a color filter. The opposite substrate includes a second base substrate, a first black matrix and a second black matrix. The first black matrix maintains an interval between the second base substrate and the array substrate, and the first black matrix is formed to correspond to a display area to block light. The second black matrix includes a first area and a second area. The first area surrounds the color filter and the second area surrounds the first area. The second area includes a height different from a height of the first area when viewed in a plan view.

Abstract: A display panel and a method of manufacturing the same in which a storage electrode is formed on a first base substrate, and an insulating layer is formed on the first base substrate to cover the storage electrode. The insulating layer is recessed directly above the storage electrode. A pixel electrode faces the storage electrode and is formed on the insulating layer. A protruding portion is formed on a second base substrate facing the first base substrate. The protruding portion protrudes toward a concaved portion of the insulating layer.

Abstract: A base substrate of a color filter substrate includes a display region and a peripheral region. The display region includes a pixel area having a first unit area, a second unit area, and a third unit area that are disposed adjacent to each other, and a blocking area that surrounds peripheral portions of each of the first, second, and third unit areas. A first color filter is formed in the first unit area. A second color filter is formed in the second unit area and the blocking area. A third color filter is formed in the third unit area and on the second color filter in the blocking area. Therefore, the second and third color filters overlap each other so that light is blocked.

Abstract: A display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate arranged opposite to the first substrate, and a column spacer formed on at least one of the first substrate or the second substrate to maintain a space between the first and second substrates, wherein the column spacer has a bottom side having a shape of a concave-sided polygon.

Abstract: A panel assembly for a liquid crystal display is provided. The panel assembly includes a panel and a plurality of spacers formed on the panel for supporting the panel. The spacers have at least two different heights or at least two different contact areas with the panel. The spacers include a plurality of first spacers and a plurality of second spacers having a height lower than the first spacers and having a contact area wider than the first spacers. The height difference between the first spacers and the second spacers is preferably in a range of about 0.3-0.6 microns, and the second spacers have a length larger than the first spacers preferably by 10-20 microns.

Abstract: A panel assembly for a liquid crystal display is provided. The panel assembly includes a panel and a plurality of spacers formed on the panel for supporting the panel. The spacers have at least two different heights or at least two different contact areas with the panel. The spacers include a plurality of first spacers and a plurality of second spacers having a height lower than the first spacers and having a contact area wider than the first spacers. The height difference between the first spacers and the second spacers is preferably in a range of about 0.3-0.6 microns, and the second spacers have a length larger than the first spacers preferably by 10-20 microns.

Abstract: A panel assembly for a liquid crystal display is provided. The panel assembly includes a panel and a plurality of spacers formed on the panel for supporting the panel. The spacers have at least two different heights or at least two different contact areas with the panel. The spacers include a plurality of first spacers and a plurality of second spacers having a height lower than the first spacers and having a contact area wider than the first spacers. The height difference between the first spacers and the second spacers is preferably in a range of about 0.3-0.6 microns, and the second spacers have a length larger than the first spacers preferably by 10-20 microns.

Abstract: A novel Trichosporonoides madida CJ-NT1 microorganism which is capable of converting fermentable sugars to a high titre of erythritol under low aeration conditions and a method of producing erythritol by fermentation of sugar, which comprises culturing the cells of the Trichosporonoides madida CJ-NT1 strain are provided.

Abstract: A novel Trichosporonoides madida CJ-NT1 microorganism which is capable of converting fermentable sugars to a high titre of erythritol under low aeration conditions and a method of producing erythritol by fermentation of sugar, which comprises culturing the cells of the Trichosporonoides madida CJ-NT1 strain are provided.