Abstract: A method of reinforcement learning of a neural network device for generating a verification vector for verifying a circuit design comprising a circuit block includes inputting a test vector to the circuit block, generating one or more rewards based on a coverage corresponding to the test vector, the coverage being determined based on a state transition of the circuit block based on the test vector, and applying the one or more rewards to a reinforcement learning.

Abstract: An air conditioner for a vehicle including an air-conditioning case divided into a plurality of air passageways by a separation wall. A heating heat exchanger is disposed inside the air-conditioning case and exchanges heat with air to heat the interior of the vehicle. A perforated member is disposed at a downstream side of the heating heat exchanger and has a plurality of perforated holes through which the air passing the heating heat exchanger passes, and a partition wall is disposed between the heating heat exchanger and the perforated member to divide the air passageway of the air-conditioning case into a plurality of air passageways, wherein the partition wall is formed integrally with the perforated member.

Abstract: A rotary kiln comprises: a sintering device provided with a cylindrical rotation tube for mixing an input powder raw material while rotating in a horizontal direction; an external heating device for heating the powder raw material input into the rotation tube by heating the outside of the rotation tube; and an internal heating device for stirring and heating the powder raw material input into the rotation tube simultaneously. The internal heating device includes a microwave generation part for generating microwaves; a guide part for guiding the microwaves generated from the microwave generation part into the rotation tube; and a stirring heat generation part coupled to an inner circumferential surface of the rotation tube for stirring the powder raw material input into the rotation tube and simultaneously generating heat when absorbing the microwaves so as to heat the powder raw material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cathode material for a lithium-air battery and a method of manufacturing a cathode using the same. The cathode material of the present invention includes a solvent component and thus includes an electrolyte in a small amount compared to a conventional cathode material, thereby reducing the weight of a cathode manufactured using the cathode material, ultimately increasing the energy density of a lithium-air battery including the cathode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cathode material for a lithium-air battery and a method of manufacturing a cathode using the same. The cathode material of the present invention includes a solvent component and thus includes an electrolyte in a small amount compared to a conventional cathode material, thereby reducing the weight of a cathode manufactured using the cathode material, ultimately increasing the energy density of a lithium-air battery including the cathode.

Abstract: Disclosed are a three-dimensional semiconductor memory device and an electronic system including the same. A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a cell array structure including a plurality of electrodes stacked on the substrate, a vertical channel structure that penetrates the cell array structure and is connected to the substrate, a conductive pad in an upper portion of the vertical channel structure, an interlayer insulating layer on the cell array structure, a bit line on the cell array structure, a bit line contact electrically connecting the bit line to the conductive pad, and a first stress release layer between the cell array structure and the bit line on a top surface of the interlayer insulating layer. The first stress release layer includes organosilicon polymer, and a carbon concentration of the first stress release layer is higher than that of the interlayer insulating layer.

Abstract: A tube module has a tube having a bore and made of a ceramic material; a heat insulator surrounding an outer circumferential surface of the tube and made of a ceramic material; and a flange provided along an edge of each of both surfaces of the heat insulator and formed in a band shape.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a plurality of electrode structures formed on a substrate; and an upper supporter group and a lower supporter between upper ends and lower ends of the plurality of electrode structures The upper supporter group includes a plurality of supporters, and at least some of the plurality of supporters each have an upper surface and a lower surface. One of the upper surface and the lower surface has a curved profile, and the other surface has a flat profile.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a variable resistance memory device may include: forming a memory cell including a variable resistance pattern on a substrate; performing a first process to deposit a first protective layer covering the memory cell; and performing a second process to deposit a second protective layer on the first protective layer. The first process and the second process may use the same source material and the same nitrogen reaction material, and a nitrogen content in the first protective layer may be less than a nitrogen content in the second protective layer.

Abstract: Provided is an ampoule-type reserve battery including: an ampoule casing having an accommodation part formed therein; an electrolyte accommodated in a lower portion of the accommodation part; a leakage prevention liquid made of oil, which is phase-separated from the electrolyte without being mixed therewith so as to prevent the electrolyte from leaking through an upper portion of the accommodation part, and accommodated in the upper portion of the accommodation part; and a separation membrane mounted in the accommodation part and configured to separate the electrolyte from the leakage prevention liquid.

Abstract: The present application relates to an antibacterial composition. The present application can provide an antibacterial composition that has no hazardousness to the human body and exhibits antibacterial characteristics against various microorganisms or bacteria. The antibacterial composition can exhibit excellent antibacterial properties against so-called super bacteria.

Abstract: A smart home service which is capable of providing an environment in which calling a control command for a device is available via a user terminal protocol to control between the device and a user terminal based on different type of protocol and a control method for the same. The smart home service server connecting at least one device operated based on a first protocol to at least one user terminal operated based on a second protocol, includes an application programming interface (API) controller configured to allow a control command for the at least one device to be called via the second protocol of the at least one user terminal; a filter configured to convert the called control command according to the first protocol; and a control command transmitter configured to transmit the control command converted according to the first protocol, to the at least one device.

Abstract: Provided is an ampoule-type reserve battery including: an ampoule casing having an accommodation part formed therein; an electrolyte accommodated in a lower portion of the accommodation part; a leakage prevention liquid made of oil, which is phase-separated from the electrolyte without being mixed therewith so as to prevent the electrolyte from leaking through an upper portion of the accommodation part, and accommodated in the upper portion of the accommodation part; and a separation membrane mounted in the accommodation part and configured to separate the electrolyte from the leakage prevention liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cathode material for a lithium-air battery and a method of manufacturing a cathode using the same. The cathode material of the present invention includes a solvent component and thus includes an electrolyte in a small amount compared to a conventional cathode material, thereby reducing the weight of a cathode manufactured using the cathode material, ultimately increasing the energy density of a lithium-air battery including the cathode.

Abstract: A variable resistance memory device may include a memory unit including a first electrode disposed on a substrate, a variable resistance pattern disposed on the first electrode and a second electrode disposed on the variable resistance pattern, a selection pattern disposed on the memory unit, and a capping structure covering a sidewall of the selection pattern. The capping structure may include a first capping pattern and a second capping pattern sequentially stacked on at least one sidewall of the selection pattern. The first capping pattern may be silicon pattern, and the second capping pattern may include a nitride.

Abstract: A variable resistanvce memory device may include a plurality of first conductive lines extending in a first direction, a plurality of second conductive lines extending in a second direction, a plurality of memory cells, each memory cell at a respective intersection, with respect to a top down view, between a corresponding one of the first conductive lines and a corresponding one of the second conductive lines, each memory cell comprising a variable resistance structure and a switching element sandwiched between a top electrode and a bottom electrode, and a first dielectric layer filling a space between the switching elements of the memory cells. A top surface of the first dielectric layer is disposed between bottom and top surfaces of the top electrodes of the memory cells.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a plurality of electrode structures formed on a substrate; and an upper supporter group and a lower supporter between upper ends and lower ends of the plurality of electrode structures The upper supporter group includes a plurality of supporters, and at least some of the plurality of supporters each have an upper surface and a lower surface. One of the upper surface and the lower surface has a curved profile, and the other surface has a flat profile.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a variable resistance memory device includes: forming an array of memory cells on a substrate, each memory cell including a variable resistance structure and a switching element; and forming a sidewall insulating layer covering a sidewall of the switching element. The forming the sidewall insulating layer includes: a preliminary step of supplying a silicon source to an exposed sidewall of the switching element; and a main step of performing a process cycle a plurality of times, the process cycle comprising supplying the silicon source and supplying a reaction gas, A time duration of the supplying the silicon source in the preliminary step is longer than a time duration of the supplying the silicon gas in the process cycle in the main step.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a plurality of electrode structures formed on a substrate; and an upper supporter group and a lower supporter between upper ends and lower ends of the plurality of electrode structures The upper supporter group includes a plurality of supporters, and at least some of the plurality of supporters each have an upper surface and a lower surface. One of the upper surface and the lower surface has a curved profile, and the other surface has a flat profile.

Abstract: An electronic device control system is provided.