Abstract: Disclosed is a seven steps learning study book of Ruah education includes a plurality of volumes having twelve learning themes related attentiveness, positive attitude, joyfulness, caring, gratefulness, obedience, patience, responsibility, self-control, creativity, honesty, wisdom; wherein the each volume of the learning theme divided into ‘open step’, ‘step 1’, and ‘step 2’, which enables selective learning corresponding to the age of the learner. The each volume of the learning theme includes a first step of Thinking time page 111, a second step of Story time page 112, a third step of Imagine time page 113, a fourth step of Action time page 114, a fifth step of Build-up time page 115, a sixth step of Sharing time page 116, and a seventh step of a Repetitive education page 117.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including: a substrate including a top surface configured to extend in a first direction and a second direction that are perpendicular to each other; gate stack structures disposed on the substrate, spaced apart from one another in the first direction and configured to extend in the second direction; a first region in which levels of top surfaces of the gate stack structures are constant; a second region in which levels of top surfaces of the gate stack structures are stepped, the second region configured to surround at least a portion of the first region; and conductive lines disposed in the second region between the gate stack structures and configured to extend in the second direction in an uneven form.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including: a substrate including a top surface configured to extend in a first direction and a second direction that are perpendicular to each other; gate stack structures disposed on the substrate, spaced apart from one another in the first direction and configured to extend in the second direction; a first region in which levels of top surfaces of the gate stack structures are constant; a second region in which levels of top surfaces of the gate stack structures are stepped, the second region configured to surround at least a portion of the first region; and conductive lines disposed in the second region between the gate stack structures and configured to extend in the second direction in an uneven form.

Abstract: A display device includes a pixel including a first electrode and a second electrode and having first capacitance formed between the first electrode and the second electrode; a power supply to provide the first electrode with a third power voltage including an alternating wave form and to provide the second electrode with a second power voltage; and a sensor to sense a touch current flowing between the first electrode and the second electrode in response to the touch driving signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a substrate for color conversion, a manufacturing method therefor, and a display device comprising the same and, more specifically, to a substrate for color conversion for not only securing the long-term stability of quantum dots but also exhibiting excellent color conversion efficiency, a manufacturing method therefor, and a display device comprising the same. To this end, the present invention provides a substrate for color conversion, a manufacturing method therefor, and a display device, the substrate for color conversion comprising: a thin plate glass; a coating layer for quantum dots formed on one surface of the thin plate glass; a light guide plate disposed to face the coating layer for quantum dots, a light emitting diode being disposed on the sides thereof; and a sealing material which is formed between the thin plate glass and the light guide plate and which blocks the coating layer for quantum dots from the outside.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for optimizing call quality and improving network efficiency by reducing bandwidth requirements at the individual-voice-call level. Embodiments provided herein build vocal fingerprints that correspond to the frequency range of the human voice, as well as the frequency range of the voice of individual users. The vocal fingerprints are used minimize and reduce the transmission of background noise and ambient sound captured using HD voice while retaining the frequency range of a user's voice in HD voice. This filtered HD voice frequency range is then transmitted to recipients over the network. The reduced frequency range lowers bandwidth usage and conserves network resources, all while optimizing the call quality for individual users.

Abstract: A highly integrated semiconductor memory device includes a substrate, a plurality of vertical pillars above the substrate, a plurality of connection lines extending over the vertical pillars, a plurality of lower via plugs provided above the vertical pillars and connecting the vertical pillars to the connection lines, a dummy connection line provided at a same level as the connection lines with respect to a main surface of the substrate, and a dummy via plug connected to a lower surface of the dummy connection line and having a different height than each of the lower via plugs. The vertical pillars, the connection lines, the lower via plugs are provided in a cell region, and the dummy connection line and the dummy via plug are provided in a dummy region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a substrate for color conversion, a manufacturing method therefor, and a display device comprising the same and, more specifically, to a substrate for color conversion for not only securing the long-term stability of quantum dots but also exhibiting excellent color conversion efficiency, a manufacturing method therefor, and a display device comprising the same. To this end, the present invention provides a substrate for color conversion, a manufacturing method therefor, and a display device, the substrate for color conversion comprising: a thin plate glass; a coating layer for quantum dots formed on one surface of the thin plate glass; a light guide plate disposed to face the coating layer for quantum dots, a light emitting diode being disposed on the sides thereof; and a sealing material which is formed between the thin plate glass and the light guide plate and which blocks the coating layer for quantum dots from the outside.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provide systems, methods, and computer readable media for providing peer-to-peer wireless device communication over a wireless local area network. In a particular embodiment, a method of operating a wireless communication device in communication with a wireless wide area communication network (WWAN) and a wireless local area communication network (WLAN) is provided. The method includes receiving a request from a user to initiate a communication with a second wireless communication device and determining whether the second wireless device is in communication with the WLAN. Upon determining that the second wireless device is in communication with the WLAN, the method provides establishing the communication with the second wireless device as a peer-to-peer communication over the WLAN. Upon determining that the second wireless device is not in communication with the WLAN, the method provides establishing the communication with the second wireless device over the WWAN.

Abstract: A display device includes a pixel including a first electrode and a second electrode and having first capacitance formed between the first electrode and the second electrode; a power supply to provide the first electrode with a third power voltage including an alternating wave form and to provide the second electrode with a second power voltage; and a sensor to sense a touch current flowing between the first electrode and the second electrode in response to the touch driving signal.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a light extraction substrate for an organic light-emitting device which can increase the extraction efficiency of light emitted from the organic light-emitting device, thereby improving the overall luminous efficiency of the organic light-emitting device. Water glass is applied on a surface of a glass substrate. The water glass applied on the glass substrate is heat-treated such the surface of the glass substrate is roughened. The heat-treated water glass is removed from the glass substrate. A planarization layer of a glass frit is formed on the glass substrate from which the water glass has been removed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light extraction substrate for an organic light-emitting device, a manufacturing method therefor, and an organic light-emitting device comprising the same, and more specifically, to a light extraction substrate for an organic light-emitting device which can improve the light extraction efficiency of the organic light-emitting device, a manufacturing method therefor, and an organic light-emitting device comprising the same. To this end, the present invention provides a light extraction substrate for an organic light-emitting device, a manufacturing method therefor, and an organic light emitting device comprising the same. The light extraction substrate for the organic light-emitting device comprises: a base substrate; a matrix layer formed on the base substrate and made of frit; and a glass fiber structure arranged inside the matrix layer, wherein the matrix layer and the glass fiber structure form an inner light extraction layer of the organic light-emitting device.

Abstract: A highly integrated semiconductor memory device includes a substrate, a plurality of vertical pillars above the substrate, a plurality of connection lines extending over the vertical pillars, a plurality of lower via plugs provided above the vertical pillars and connecting the vertical pillars to the connection lines, a dummy connection line provided at a same level as the connection lines with respect to a main surface of the substrate, and a dummy via plug connected to a lower surface of the dummy connection line and having a different height than each of the lower via plugs. The vertical pillars, the connection lines, the lower via plugs are provided in a cell region, and the dummy connection line and the dummy via plug are provided in a dummy region.

Abstract: Provided is a method of saving power in a passive optical network (PON) system including an optical line terminal (OLT) and a plurality of optical network units (ONUs), the OLT including an optical transceiver to communicate with at least one ONU through an optical line, and a controller to control the optical transceiver to transmit an upstream bandwidth map to the ONU at a predetermined transmission interval, wherein the transmission interval is determined based on a desired upstream data service delay time.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a light extraction substrate for an organic light-emitting device which can increase the extraction efficiency of light emitted from the organic light-emitting device, thereby improving the overall luminous efficiency of the organic light-emitting device. Water glass is applied on a surface of a glass substrate. The water glass applied on the glass substrate is heat-treated such the surface of the glass substrate is roughened. The heat-treated water glass is removed from the glass substrate. A planarization layer of a glass frit is formed on the glass substrate from which the water glass has been removed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light extraction substrate for an organic light-emitting device, a manufacturing method therefor, and an organic light-emitting device comprising the same, and more specifically, to a light extraction substrate for an organic light-emitting device which can improve the light extraction efficiency of the organic light-emitting device, a manufacturing method therefor, and an organic light-emitting device comprising the same. To this end, the present invention provides a light extraction substrate for an organic light-emitting device, a manufacturing method therefor, and an organic light emitting device comprising the same. The light extraction substrate for the organic light-emitting device comprises: a base substrate; a matrix layer formed on the base substrate and made of frit; and a glass fibre structure arranged inside the matrix layer, wherein the matrix layer and the glass fibre structure form an inner light extraction layer of the organic light-emitting device.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provide systems and methods for routing messages having destination identifiers associated with multiple entities. In a particular embodiment, a method provides receiving a message from a communication device directed to the message routing system, wherein a destination identifier associated with a plurality of entities indicates the message routing system. The method further provides identifying an entity of the plurality of entities associated with a key indicator within content of the message and routing the message based on the entity.

Abstract: A device and method for measuring a critical dimension of a pattern on a display substrate is disclosed. In one aspect, the device includes a region of interest (ROI) setting unit setting a region of interest in image data, determining whether the region of interest is larger than a reference region, and generating a pattern image based on the region of interest. The device also includes a design file memory storing a plurality of design patterns, a matching unit matching the pattern image to one of design patterns, and a measurement unit measuring the critical dimension of the pattern in the pattern image. The ROI setting unit selects the image data as the pattern image and outputs the pattern image to the matching unit when the region of interest is larger than the reference region.

Abstract: Provided is a power saving method of an optical network terminal and an optical line terminal. The optical network terminal may receive a sleep synchronization message about a first sleep group from the optical line terminal, and when the optical network terminal is included in the first sleep group, may turn OFF an optical transmitter and turn ON the optical transmitter after a first sleep cycle of the first sleep group is elapsed, thereby saving power.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment provides a liquid crystal display including: a substrate; a first wire grid polarizer; a thin film transistor; a pixel electrode; a roof layer; and a plurality of microcavities. The substrate has a bottom surface and a top surface. The first wire grid polarizer is disposed on the bottom surface of the substrate. The thin film transistor is disposed on the top surface of the substrate. The pixel electrode is connected to the thin film transistor. The roof layer is disposed to face the pixel electrode. The plurality of microcavities having injection holes are formed between the pixel electrode and the roof layer, the microcavities forming a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules.