Abstract: A method for manufacturing a one-piece wheel by forging includes: producing an integral forging comprising: a disc portion, a rim portion, and an annular protrusion protruding from one side of the disc portion in a forging method; producing an outer bend by bending the annular protrusion through a flow-forming process; and forming a hollow portion by welding one end of the outer bend to one side of the rim portion.

Abstract: A wafer cleaning method is provided. The wafer cleaning method includes providing a wafer on a stage that is inside of a chamber. The wafer is fixed to the stage by moving a grip pin connected to an edge of the stage. First ultrapure water is supplied onto the wafer while the wafer is rotating at a first rotation speed. The grip pin is released from the wafer by moving the grip pin. A development process is performed by supplying liquid chemical onto the wafer while the wafer is rotating at a second rotation speed that is less than the first rotation speed.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel, and a lens array disposed on a surface of the display panel. The lens array includes a plurality of lenses and a light transmission characteristic control layer disposed on a valley of each of the lenses. The light transmission characteristic control layer includes a light absorbing material. A stacked thickness of the light transmission characteristic control layer is smaller than a height of each of the lenses.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of producing an electrochromic composition capable of diversifying colors, an electrochromic composition produced thereby, and an electrochromic device including the electrochromic composition. The electrochromic composition may be produced through a solution direct reaction using an electro-spray machine including two nozzles symmetrically inclined toward a central axis. The method may include preparing, respectively, a first coating composition comprising a first electrochromic compound and a second coating composition comprising a second electrochromic compound; loading, respectively, the first coating composition and the second composition into an electro-spray machine; spraying the first coating composition and the second coating composition under application of a voltage to the electro-spray device; and forming a electrochromic composition by reacting the first electrochromic compound with the second electrochromic compound during spraying.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an image sensor includes unit pixels, each of the unit pixel including a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel adjacent to the first sub-pixel in a plan view of the image sensor; and a lens array including a first sub-lens area on the first sub-pixel of each unit pixel and a second sub-lens area on the second sub-pixel of each unit pixel. The first sub-lens area may include a first micro lens, and the second sub-lens area includes a second micro lens. In addition, the first micro lens may include a depression defined in a central area thereof.

Abstract: A depth sensor includes a substrate that includes a first face and a second face opposite to each other in a first direction; a photoelectric conversion element disposed in the substrate; and first and second taps connected to the photoelectric conversion element. Each of the first and second taps includes: a floating diffusion area disposed in the substrate; a transfer transistor connected to the floating diffusion area; a photo transistor connected to the photoelectric conversion element; a tap transfer transistor connected to the photo transistor; and a storage transistor connected to the tap transfer transistor and the transfer transistor. The storage transistor includes a storage gate electrode. The storage gate electrode includes a first extension and a second extension that extend from the first face of the substrate toward the second face, and the first extension and the second extension are spaced apart from each other in a second direction.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a vehicle wheel includes: a casting process of manufacturing the wheel in a one-piece body having a forming end and a temporary flange protruding at inner and outer sides of the wheel, respectively, wherein the one-piece body further includes a resonance chamber forming groove; a primary shape machining process of forming a stepped part at an outer circumferential side of the resonance chamber forming groove; a flow forming process of bending the forming end to be seated on the stepped part; a friction stir welding process of integrally bonding a portion where the forming end and the stepped part are in close contact with each other; a fine machining process of removing the temporary flange; and a sound-absorbing hole machining process of forming a sound-absorbing hole for communicating between the resonance chamber and an interior space of a tire in the forming end.

Abstract: Provided is a cooling module for a vehicle, and more particularly, a cooling module placed on a side of the vehicle with three-row mounting parts, in which components are mounted, to maximize cooling efficiency and space utilization inside the vehicle.

Abstract: A display device includes a light source part including a first light source and a second light source, a collimation lens that collimates light incident from the light source part, a wave guide that guides and diffracts the light incident from the collimation lens, a spatial light modulator that modulates the light passing through the wave guide so as to form a holographic pattern for reproducing a holographic image, a focusing optical system that focuses the holographic image on a space, and a light separating plate disposed between the light source part and the collimation lens, the light separating plate separating light of the first light source and light of the second light source from each other.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a vehicle wheel includes: a casting process of manufacturing the wheel in a one-piece body having a forming end and a temporary flange protruding at inner and outer sides of the wheel, respectively, wherein the one-piece body further includes a resonance chamber forming groove; a primary shape machining process of forming a stepped part at an outer circumferential side of the resonance chamber forming groove; a flow forming process of bending the forming end to be seated on the stepped part; a friction stir welding process of integrally bonding a portion where the forming end and the stepped part are in close contact with each other; a fine machining process of removing the temporary flange; and a sound-absorbing hole machining process of forming a sound-absorbing hole for communicating between the resonance chamber and an interior space of a tire in the forming end.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a hybrid golf system and control method for the same that can further improve the realism of golf play by naturally connecting a virtual golf course on an image projected on a screen and an actual field to naturally convert from a virtual golf play through the virtual golf course image to a field play on the actual field. The above object can be accomplished by the provision of a hybrid golf system comprising a screen golf module in which a virtual golf play can be performed, an actual field on which an actual golf play can be performed, and a screen shutter provided on a wall of the screen golf module facing the actual field.

Abstract: An image sensor, which stores electric charge overflowing from a photoelectric conversion layer, includes: (1) a substrate including a first surface and a second surface, which is opposite to the first surface and upon which light is incident, (2) a photoelectric conversion layer in the substrate, (3) an isolation film disposed on the substrate, along the photoelectric conversion layer, (4) a storage conductive pattern disposed in the isolation film, (5) a transfer gate disposed on a first surface of the substrate, (6) a first impurity-injected area disposed between the photoelectric conversion layer and the isolation film, and (7) a second impurity-injected area disposed on the first surface of the substrate and connected to the transfer gate. The first and second impurity-injected areas are electrically connected.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a depth of a three-dimensional (3D) object includes a control unit generating the 3D object by adjusting parameters of a 3D pattern. A 3D display unit displays the 3D object with a preset depth. An input unit generates an input signal based on an input received from a user. A rail extends in a front and a rear of the 3D display unit. A moving body is movable on the rail. Movement of the moving body is adjusted based on the input signal. A distance sensor measures a distance to the moving body.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) image sensor includes a first substrate having an upper pixel. The upper pixel includes a photoelectric element and first and second photogates connected to the photoelectric element. A second substrate includes a lower pixel, which corresponds to the upper pixel, that is spaced apart from the first substrate in a vertical direction. The lower pixel includes a first transfer transistor that transmits a first signal provided by the first photogate. A first source follower generates a first output signal in accordance with the first signal. A second transfer transistor transmits a second signal provided by the second photogate. A second source follower generates a second output signal in accordance with the second signal. First and second bonding conductors are disposed between the first and second substrates and electrically connect the upper and lower pixels.

Abstract: A 3D image sensor include a depth pixel and at least two polarization pixels adjacent to the depth pixel. The depth pixel includes a charge generation region in a substrate. The depth pixel is configured to generate depth information associated with a depth of an object from the 3D image sensor in a 3D scene based on detecting light reflected from the object. Each polarization pixel includes a photodiode in the substrate and a polarizer on the substrate in a light-incident direction. The polarization pixel is configured to generate shape information associated with a shape of a surface of the object in the 3D scene based on detecting light reflected from the object. The polarization pixels and the depth pixel collectively define a unit pixel. The respective polarizers are associated with different polarization directions.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel, and a lens array disposed on a surface of the display panel. The lens array includes a plurality of lenses and a light transmission characteristic control layer disposed on a valley of each of the lenses. The light transmission characteristic control layer includes a light absorbing material. A stacked thickness of the light transmission characteristic control layer is smaller than a height of each of the lenses.

Abstract: A method for controlling a mobile communication device using a user's distance specifying algorithm, the method comprises a first process of receiving an input image from a camera to generate first data; a second process of determining whether there is a candidate group that can be determined as a face using the first data and second data including a user's distance information; a third process of extracting, if there is a candidate group that can be determined as a face, from a plurality of third data including location information of the candidate group, fourth data having a minimum distance between a center of the first data and a center of the third data; and a fourth process of comparing the fourth data with a predetermined user's distance to determine whether it has a value within a tolerance range.

Abstract: Disclosed are a composition for forming a hole transport layer of a light-transmitting solar cell, a method for manufacturing the light-transmitting solar cell, and a light-transmitting solar cell manufactured thereby. The light-transmitting solar cell manufactured with the composition for forming the hole transport layer may have excellent durability and therefore, not only deposit a transparent electrode, which is an upper electrode, without damage even without buffer layer, thereby reducing the process cost but also deposit the transparent electrode without damage by using a general sputter equipment even without using an expensive special sputter equipment.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate including pixels, a pixel defining film on the substrate and defining an emission area, an emission layer in the emission area, a first refraction film on the pixel defining film and the emission layer and having a first refractive index, and a second refraction film covering the first refraction film and having a second refractive index. The second refraction film includes a convex surface convexly protruding from a reference surface and overlapping the emission area. Each of the emission area and the convex surface includes first and second edges. The edges of the convex surface are positioned outside the edges of the emission area, and a first interval between the first edges of the convex surface and the emission area is greater than a second interval between the second edges of the convex surface and the emission area.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a one-piece wheel by forging includes: producing an integral forging comprising: a disc portion, a rim portion, and an annular protrusion protruding from one side of the disc portion in a forging method; producing an outer bend by bending the annular protrusion through a flow-forming process; and forming a hollow portion by welding one end of the outer bend to one side of the rim portion. The method manufactures the one-piece wheel having stronger shear strength and stiffness and better fatigue life even while reducing the noise using the forging method.