Abstract: A session management method and an apparatus, where the method includes: obtaining, by a session management function (SMF), a point-to-point protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) message from a user equipment; assigning a PPPoE session identifier and/or an Internet Protocol (IP) address to the user equipment; and sending, by the SMF, the assigned PPPoE session identifier and/or IP address to the user equipment, to establish a PPPoE connection between the user equipment and a network side device. The method is performed after a packet data unit (PDU) session is successfully established. The SMF sends the PPPoE session identifier and/or the IP address to the user equipment. In this case, the user equipment can store a correspondence between the established PDU session and a PPPoE session, such that the user equipment accesses a 5G core network (CN) through a fixed network.

Abstract: A service flow processing method includes obtaining, by a terminal, policy information of a service flow, where the policy information includes at least one of a flow steering policy, a flow steering mode, and link condition information for transmitting the service flow, and a packet data unit (PDU) session to which the service flow belongs supports a plurality of access technologies, and processing, by the terminal, the service flow based on the policy information.

Abstract: A traffic flow processing method, and apparatus. A terminal device receives first policy information from a session management network element, wherein the first policy information includes a first processing method for an uplink traffic flow. In response to the terminal device meeting a first condition, a second processing method for the uplink traffic flow or a downlink traffic flow is determined. First notification information is sent to a user plane network element, wherein the first notification information is for notifying the user plane network element to determine a third processing method for the downlink traffic flow. After meeting the first condition, the terminal device sends the first notification information to the user plane network element, to assist the user plane network element in determining whether to update a steering mode of a corresponding traffic flow.

Abstract: A service flow transmission method includes: receiving, by a terminal, a steering mode of a service flow and/or a transmission method of the service flow that are/is sent by a core network element, where a protocol data unit (PDU) session to which the service flow belongs supports a plurality of access technologies; and transmitting, by the terminal, the service flow according to the steering mode and/or the transmission method of the service flow using at least one of the plurality of access technologies.

Abstract: In a packet loss rate detection method, a session management network element determines that link status detection needs to be performed on a link on which a service flow is located; and the session management network element sends a link status detection indication to a first device and/or a second device, where the link status detection indication is for enabling a link status detection function, and the link status detection function includes a packet loss rate detection function.

Abstract: A communication method and a communications apparatus, where the method includes: sending, by a terminal device, a request message to a first core network element using a first access technology, where the request message requests to newly add or update a service flow; receiving, by the terminal device using the first access technology or a second access technology, a response message from the first core network element; and transmitting, by the terminal device, the service flow based on the response message using the second access technology or both the first access technology and the second access technology.

Abstract: In a connection reactivation method, a connection of a PDU session established by user equipment on a N3GPP side is reactivated through communications via a 3GPP network. The user equipment accesses both the 3GPP and the N3GPP network and is originally in an idle state on the N3GPP network. An access and mobility management function entity receives a first message from a session management function entity to reactivate the PDU session connection of the user equipment. The access and mobility management function entity sends a second message to the user equipment via the 3GPP access network to instruct the user equipment to reactivate the connection of the PDU session.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a communication method, a device, and a system, to resolve an out-of-order problem caused by per-packet traffic splitting. The method includes: determining, by a sending device, a sequence identifier of a to-be-transmitted data packet and an identifier of a first link for transmitting the data packet; and sending, by the sending device, the data packet to a receiving device, where a header of the data packet includes the identifier of the first link and the sequence identifier, the identifier of the first link is used to identify the first link, and the sequence identifier is used to identify a sending order of the data packet over the first link or in a link group to which the first link belongs.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a session management method and an apparatus. The technology is specifically related to sending, by user equipment, a NAS message to an AGF, where the NAS message includes a PDU session establishment request message used to request to establish a PDU session, receiving, by the user equipment, a PDU session establishment accept message returned by a network side device, and establishing, by the user equipment, an access session with the AGF, where the access session is an access session related to the PDU session. The user equipment sends the NAS message to establish the PDU session, and establishes the access session with the AGF. Because the access session is related to the PDU session, the user equipment can map the PDU session to the access session, so that the user equipment accesses a 5G CN through a fixed network.

Abstract: Example connection processing methods in a multi-access scenario and apparatus are described. One example method includes receiving a second transmission message by a session management functional entity from a mobility management functional entity. The session management functional entity determines whether establishment of a multi-access PDU session is allowed based on session subscription data of user equipment. In response to determining that the establishment of the multi-access PDU session is allowed, the session management functional entity sends an N4 session establishment or update request message to a user plane functional entity. The user plane functional entity sends a connection establishment reply message to the session management functional entity.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a communication method, a device, and a system, to resolve an out-of-order problem caused by per-packet traffic splitting. The method includes: determining, by a sending device, a sequence identifier of a to-be-transmitted data packet and an identifier of a first link for transmitting the data packet; and sending, by the sending device, the data packet to a receiving device, where a header of the data packet includes the identifier of the first link and the sequence identifier, the identifier of the first link is used to identify the first link, and the sequence identifier is used to identify a sending order of the data packet over the first link or in a link group to which the first link belongs.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a multi-access connectivity establishment method. The method includes: determining, based on a terminal identifier of a terminal device, a first connection that is of the terminal device and that is associated with a first access technology; and establishing, for the first connection, a user plane resource associated with a second access technology, so that the terminal device that does not support NAS transfer on a first access technology side can steer a data packet of multi-access connectivity by using the first access technology and the second access technology, so that transmission bandwidth is increased for the terminal device and service continuity during handover is improved.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus includes: An access gateway function network element sends a session establishment request message of a terminal to a session management function network element. The session management function network element sends, to the access gateway function network element, at least one of a session identifier and an address of the terminal that correspond to an established session. The access gateway function network element obtains virtual interface information corresponding to the identifier of the established session. The access gateway function network element further sends the virtual interface information and the at least one of the session identifier and the address of the terminal to the terminal, so that the terminal establishes a first association relationship between the virtual interface information and the at least one of the session identifier and the address of the terminal.

Abstract: A service flow processing method includes obtaining, by a terminal, policy information of a service flow, where the policy information includes at least one of a flow steering policy, a flow steering mode, and link condition information for transmitting the service flow, and a packet data unit (PDU) session to which the service flow belongs supports a plurality of access technologies, and processing, by the terminal, the service flow based on the policy information.

Abstract: A device access method includes obtaining, by a mobility management entity, an identifier of a remote device and an identifier of a relay device, determining, by the mobility management entity based on at least one of the identifier of the remote device or the identifier of the relay device, to allow the remote device to access the network using the relay device, and sending, by the mobility management entity, a registration success message to the remote device using the relay device.

Abstract: A service flow processing method includes obtaining, by a terminal, policy information of a service flow, where the policy information includes at least one of a flow steering policy, a flow steering mode, and link condition information for transmitting the service flow, and a packet data unit (PDU) session to which the service flow belongs supports a plurality of access technologies, and processing, by the terminal, the service flow based on the policy information.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method, an apparatus and a system for data connection management. The method for data connection management includes: obtaining, by a user equipment UE, first instruction information, wherein the first instruction information is used for instructing to close or open a data connection; and transmitting, by the UE, the first instruction information to a packet data network gateway P-GW, for enabling the P-GW to stop or start data transmission of at least one bearer of the UE according to the first instruction information.

Abstract: A method implemented by a session management function (SMF) network element and comprises receiving, from a terminal device, a first message requesting to establish or update a protocol data unit (PDU) session, and comprising first indication information indicating that the terminal device supports either a quick user datagram protocol (UDP) internet connection (QUIC) capability or a multi-path (MP) QUIC (MP-QUIC) capability, determining whether a traffic flow in the PDU session is transmitted using a QUIC method or an MP-QUIC method, and sending, to the terminal device, a second message indicating that the PDU session is successfully established or updated, and comprising second indication information indicating that the traffic flow is transmitted using the QUIC method or the MP-QUIC method.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus, and relate to the communication field. A network side may control establishment of a connection, between a terminal device and a UPF network element, allowed to be shared by a plurality of traffic flows, thereby reducing a connection establishment process. The method includes: an SMF network element receives, from a terminal device, a first message used to request to establish or update a PDU session; and the SMF network element sends a second message to the terminal device, where the second message is used to indicate that the PDU session is successfully established or updated, the second message includes a multi-flow connection parameter, and the multi-flow connection parameter is used to indicate that a plurality of traffic flows in the PDU session are transmitted by using a same connection.

Abstract: The technology of this application relates to a communication method and apparatus, to resolve a current problem that limited bandwidth resources of a single link affect quality of service. In an example embodiment, a terminal sends a first access message to an access gateway in a second core network through a first network, and sends a second access message to the access gateway through a second network, where the first access message is encapsulated by using a first IP address. Further, the access gateway requests an AMF network element to establish two communication links for the terminal. One communication link is for the terminal to access the core network through the first network, and the other communication link is for the terminal to access the core network through the second network. Through establishment of the two communication links between the terminal and the core network, bandwidth resources can be added, and the quality of service can be improved.