Abstract: A communication method and a communication apparatus are disclosed. A control network element receives first information from a user equipment (UE), where the first information includes multi-3GPP access request indication information or change indication information. The control network element determines, based on the first information, whether to allow the UE to establish a multi-3GPP access session. The multi-3GPP access request indication information indicates that the UE requests to establish the multi-3GPP access session, and the change indication information indicates that the UE allows the control network element to change from establishing a dual access session or a single access session to establishing the multi-3GPP access session. In this way, the control network element determines whether the UE can support a plurality of 3GPP connections at the same time, so that the UE can establish the multi-3GPP access session of new radio (NR) and long term evolution (LTE).

Abstract: The technology of this application relates to a communication method and apparatus, to resolve a current problem that limited bandwidth resources of a single link affect quality of service. In an example embodiment, a terminal sends a first access message to an access gateway in a second core network through a first network, and sends a second access message to the access gateway through a second network, where the first access message is encapsulated by using a first IP address. Further, the access gateway requests an AMF network element to establish two communication links for the terminal. One communication link is for the terminal to access the core network through the first network, and the other communication link is for the terminal to access the core network through the second network. Through establishment of the two communication links between the terminal and the core network, bandwidth resources can be added, and the quality of service can be improved.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application relate to a method for controlling service flow transmission. One example method includes: a session management network element obtains a first TMBR of a service flow transmitted in a session by using a first access technology and a guaranteed bandwidth of a first GBR service flow, where the TMBR indicates a TMBR of service flows transmitted in the session by using the first access technology. The session management network element sends first information to a data plane network element, where the first information is used by the data plane network element to determine one or more of the following information of the session: a first AMBR, a second AMBR corresponding to the first access technology, and a second TMBR. A second AMBR indicates an AMBR of a non-GBR service flow transmitted in the session by using the first access technology.

Abstract: A first network element first obtains an access request including access location information of a first terminal device; then, the first network element may obtain subscription information including subscription location information of the first terminal device; when the first network element determines that the access location information of the first terminal device does not belong to the subscription location information, the first network element may obtain allowed information for allowing the first terminal device to access a network at an access location corresponding to the access location information; and the first terminal device may further be allowed, based on the allowed information, to access the network at the access location corresponding to the access location information.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application relate to the field of communications technologies, and provide example user plane connection establishment methods apparatuses, and systems to establish a user plane connection between an access network gateway and an interworking function network element-user plane. One example method includes determining, by an interworking function network element-control plane, granularity information of a user plane connection between an interworking function network element-user plane and an access network gateway. The interworking function network element-control plane can then send the granularity information of the user plane connection to the interworking function network element-user plane and the access network gateway, where the granularity information of the user plane connection is used to establish the user plane connection between the interworking function network element-user plane and the access network gateway.

Abstract: A communication method includes a session management network element that establishes a first connection of a user equipment using a first non-3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access gateway, receives a request message, where the request message is used to request to establish a second connection of the user equipment using a second non-3GPP access gateway, determines, based on the request message, to switch from the first connection to the second connection- and sends, to an access management network element, session management information and access gateway information corresponding to the session management information, to implement switching of a traffic flow between non-3GPP access gateways.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus includes: An access gateway function network element sends a session establishment request message of a terminal to a session management function network element. The session management function network element sends, to the access gateway function network element, at least one of a session identifier and an address of the terminal that correspond to an established session. The access gateway function network element obtains virtual interface information corresponding to the identifier of the established session. The access gateway function network element further sends the virtual interface information and the at least one of the session identifier and the address of the terminal to the terminal, so that the terminal establishes a first association relationship between the virtual interface information and the at least one of the session identifier and the address of the terminal.

Abstract: The technology of this application relates to a communication method that includes a gateway obtaining first information, sending, to the first node, an access protocol message (for example, an EAP-5G message or an SLAP message) that carries the first information, where the first information includes one or more of information that indicates an integrity protection algorithm, information that indicates an encryption algorithm, an integrity protection key, or an encryption key; and exchanges communication information with the first node according to GTP-U based on the first information, where the gateway belongs to a second communication system, and the first node belongs to a first communication system. The gateway and the first node may implement security and/or integrity protection on the communication information based on the first information.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication method and apparatus. The method includes: A first data management network element in a first network obtains identification information of a terminal device connected to an access gateway in a second network. The first data management network element obtains, based on the identification information, an access parameter of the terminal device from a second data management network element corresponding to the terminal device in the second network. The first data management network element obtains subscription data of the terminal device based on the access parameter. The first data management network element sends the subscription data of the terminal device to the access gateway.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a communication method, a device, and a system, to resolve an out-of-order problem caused by per-packet traffic splitting. The method includes: determining, by a sending device, a sequence identifier of a to-be-transmitted data packet and an identifier of a first link for transmitting the data packet; and sending, by the sending device, the data packet to a receiving device, where a header of the data packet includes the identifier of the first link and the sequence identifier, the identifier of the first link is used to identify the first link, and the sequence identifier is used to identify a sending order of the data packet over the first link or in a link group to which the first link belongs.

Abstract: This application discloses a communication method, apparatus, and system. The method includes: receiving first information from a first node, where the first information is used to request to establish a first protocol data unit PDU session; sending second information to the first node, where the second information indicates an identifier of the first PDU session and a first quality of service QoS configuration policy corresponding to the first PDU session; and sending third information to the first node, where the third information indicates a data routing policy corresponding to the first PDU session, and the data routing policy includes session information of the first PDU session. In the method, a second node can configure a PDU session for the first node, so that a service provided by a core network can better meet a requirement of a terminal that does not support NAS signaling transmission.

Abstract: A method includes: obtaining first information of a first node in a first communication system, where the first information includes status information of the first node and/or status information of a first link, and the first node is an end of the first link; and sending the first information to a first functional entity in a second communication system in a first manner, so that the second communication system can perceive and manage the node in the first communication system, to improve effect of converging the first communication system and the second communication system.

Abstract: A method includes: receiving first information from a first node through a first network, where the first information includes PLMN information that is of a second network and that is supported by the first node, a core network connection type that is of the second network and that is supported by the first node, a backhaul type of the first node in the second network, and a service type that is provided by a core network of the second network and that is supported by the first node; and determining, based on the first information, whether to access the second network via the first node, where the first network is a short-range communication network, and the second network is a cellular network or a macro coverage network.

Abstract: A communication method and a communication apparatus. The method includes a core network element configurings first parameter information. The first parameter information is quality of service QoS control parameter information of a non-3rd generation partnership project N3GPP access technology, and the first parameter information is used to perform QoS control on a service flow data packet transmitted by a first terminal device by using the N3GPP access technology. The core network element sends the first parameter information.

Abstract: A session management method and an apparatus, where the method includes: obtaining, by a session management function (SMF), a point-to-point protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) message from a user equipment; assigning a PPPoE session identifier and/or an Internet Protocol (IP) address to the user equipment; and sending, by the SMF, the assigned PPPoE session identifier and/or IP address to the user equipment, to establish a PPPoE connection between the user equipment and a network side device. The method is performed after a packet data unit (PDU) session is successfully established. The SMF sends the PPPoE session identifier and/or the IP address to the user equipment. In this case, the user equipment can store a correspondence between the established PDU session and a PPPoE session, such that the user equipment accesses a 5G core network (CN) through a fixed network.

Abstract: A service flow processing method includes obtaining, by a terminal, policy information of a service flow, where the policy information includes at least one of a flow steering policy, a flow steering mode, and link condition information for transmitting the service flow, and a packet data unit (PDU) session to which the service flow belongs supports a plurality of access technologies, and processing, by the terminal, the service flow based on the policy information.

Abstract: A traffic flow processing method, and apparatus. A terminal device receives first policy information from a session management network element, wherein the first policy information includes a first processing method for an uplink traffic flow. In response to the terminal device meeting a first condition, a second processing method for the uplink traffic flow or a downlink traffic flow is determined. First notification information is sent to a user plane network element, wherein the first notification information is for notifying the user plane network element to determine a third processing method for the downlink traffic flow. After meeting the first condition, the terminal device sends the first notification information to the user plane network element, to assist the user plane network element in determining whether to update a steering mode of a corresponding traffic flow.

Abstract: A service flow transmission method includes: receiving, by a terminal, a steering mode of a service flow and/or a transmission method of the service flow that are/is sent by a core network element, where a protocol data unit (PDU) session to which the service flow belongs supports a plurality of access technologies; and transmitting, by the terminal, the service flow according to the steering mode and/or the transmission method of the service flow using at least one of the plurality of access technologies.

Abstract: In a packet loss rate detection method, a session management network element determines that link status detection needs to be performed on a link on which a service flow is located; and the session management network element sends a link status detection indication to a first device and/or a second device, where the link status detection indication is for enabling a link status detection function, and the link status detection function includes a packet loss rate detection function.

Abstract: A communication method and a communications apparatus, where the method includes: sending, by a terminal device, a request message to a first core network element using a first access technology, where the request message requests to newly add or update a service flow; receiving, by the terminal device using the first access technology or a second access technology, a response message from the first core network element; and transmitting, by the terminal device, the service flow based on the response message using the second access technology or both the first access technology and the second access technology.