Abstract: A method for refining hot metal in a converter using a top-blowing lance having a refining powder supply channel, a combustion oxidizing gas supply channel, and a refining oxidizing gas supply channel that are separate from each other includes supplying at least one of a lime-based flux, iron oxide, and a combustible material as a refining powder from the refining powder supply channel to a surface of the hot metal using a fuel gas or a mixture of the fuel gas and an inert gas as a carrier gas while supplying a combustion oxidizing gas from the combustion oxidizing gas supply channel to form a flame below a leading end of the top-blowing lance, and supplying a refining oxidizing gas from the refining oxidizing gas supply channel to the surface of the hot metal.

Abstract: There is proposed a method for preliminary treatment of molten iron wherein heat source for dissolving scrap is ensured sufficiently to improve iron yield while decreasing phosphorus concentration efficiently by suppressing the amount of flux solvent used in the process of desiliconization, dephosphorization and decarburization. In the method for preliminary treatment of molten iron by conducting desiliconization and dephosphorization of molten iron with a converter type container, molten iron is first charged into the converter type container to conduct desiliconization and then intermediate slag removal is conducted, and subsequently a lime-based flux solvent is added to the container while blowing oxygen to conduct dephosphorization of the molten iron, and thereafter newly untreated molten iron is charged into the container to conduct desiliconization, and subsequently the above treatments are repeatedly conducted with the same container.

Abstract: A top-blowing lance includes a refining oxygen gas blowing nozzle having a plurality of ejection openings through which oxygen gas is blown into an iron bath in a reaction vessel, the ejection openings being disposed along a circular orbit at intervals, and a burner nozzle having an axis coaxial with the central axis of the circular orbit, forming a flame inside the refining oxygen gas blowing nozzle, and having ejection openings for blowing a powder heated by the flame into the iron bath, wherein an indicator A that indicates the positional relationship between the ejection openings of the refining oxygen gas blowing nozzle and the ejection openings of the burner nozzle satisfies the specified conditions.

Abstract: A method of producing molten steel supplies gaseous oxygen from a top blowing lance into a converter to perform decarburization refining of molten iron while adding a CaO-containing powdery dephosphorizing agent to simultaneously decarburize and dephosphorize the molten iron and includes supplying the dephosphorizing agent to a bath surface of the molten iron together with at least one gas jet from the top blowing lance and a dynamic pressure determined when a gas jet blown from respective lance nozzles of the top blowing lance impinges onto the bath surface of the molten iron is controlled to not more than 0.50 kgf/cm2.

Abstract: In a molten iron refining method by charging molten iron and a cold iron source into a converter type refining vessel, supplying a material containing CaO with an oxygen source dissolving the cold iron source and conducting molten iron desiliconization, removing at least a part of the produced slag as an intermediate slag removal, and supplying a slag-forming agent and an oxygen source to the molten iron for dephosphorization, a silicon-containing material or a combination of it and carbonaceous material is added in the desiliconization then carried out under conditions such that the slag basicity (mass % CaO/mass % SiO2) in the desiliconization completion is more than 0.5 but less than 1.5 and a molten iron temperature in the desiliconization completion is more than 1280° C. but less than 1350° C. and more than 30 mass % of the slag produced in the desiliconization is removed from the vessel in the intermediate slag removal.

Abstract: A method for refining hot metal in a converter using a top-blowing lance having a refining powder supply channel, a combustion oxidizing gas supply channel, and a refining oxidizing gas supply channel that are separate from each other includes supplying at least one of a lime-based flux, iron oxide, and a combustible material as a refining powder from the refining powder supply channel to a surface of the hot metal using a fuel gas or a mixture of the fuel gas and an inert gas as a carrier gas while supplying a combustion oxidizing gas from the combustion oxidizing gas supply channel to form a flame below a leading end of the top-blowing lance, and supplying a refining oxidizing gas from the refining oxidizing gas supply channel to the surface of the hot metal.

Abstract: There is proposed a method for preliminary treatment of molten iron wherein heat source for dissolving scrap is ensured sufficiently to improve iron yield while decreasing phosphorus concentration efficiently by suppressing the amount of flux solvent used in the process of desiliconization, dephosphorization and decarburization. In the method for preliminary treatment of molten iron by conducting desiliconization and dephosphorization of molten iron with a converter type container, molten iron is first charged into the converter type container to conduct desiliconization and then intermediate slag removal is conducted, and subsequently a lime-based flux solvent is added to the container while blowing oxygen to conduct dephosphorization of the molten iron, and thereafter newly untreated molten iron is charged into the container to conduct desiliconization, and subsequently the above treatments are repeatedly conducted with the same container.

Abstract: A method of producing molten steel supplies gaseous oxygen from a top blowing lance into a converter to perform decarburization refining of molten iron while adding a CaO-containing powdery dephosphorizing agent to simultaneously decarburize and dephosphorize the molten iron and includes supplying the dephosphorizing agent to a bath surface of the molten iron together with at least one gas jet from the top blowing lance and a dynamic pressure determined when a gas jet blown from respective lance nozzles of the top blowing lance impinges onto the bath surface of the molten iron is controlled to not more than 0.50 kgf/cm2.

Abstract: A top-blowing lance includes a refining oxygen gas blowing nozzle having a plurality of ejection openings through which oxygen gas is blown into an iron bath in a reaction vessel, the ejection openings being disposed along a circular orbit at intervals, and a burner nozzle having an axis coaxial with the central axis of the circular orbit, forming a flame inside the refining oxygen gas blowing nozzle, and having ejection openings for blowing a powder heated by the flame into the iron bath, wherein an indicator A that indicates the positional relationship between the ejection openings of the refining oxygen gas blowing nozzle and the ejection openings of the burner nozzle satisfies the specified conditions.

Abstract: An electrical contact component includes a contact point part configured to provide an electrical connection by contact, and a mounting part configured to provide an external electrical connection by solder joining. A plating layer containing carbon nanotubes or carbon blacks is selectively formed on the surface of the contact point part. A plating layer having higher solder wettability than that of the plating layer containing the carbon nanotubes or carbon blacks is formed on the mounting part.

Abstract: In a molten iron refining method by charging molten iron and a cold iron source into a converter type refining vessel, supplying a material containing CaO with an oxygen source dissolving the cold iron source and conducting molten iron desiliconization, removing at least a part of the produced slag as an intermediate slag removal, and supplying a slag-forming agent and an oxygen source to the molten iron for dephosphorization, a silicon-containing material or a combination of it and carbonaceous material is added in the desiliconization then carried out under conditions such that the slag basicity (mass % CaO/mass % SiO2) in the desiliconization completion is more than 0.5 but less than 1.5 and a molten iron temperature in the desiliconization completion is more than 1280° C. but less than 1350° C. and more than 30 mass % of the slag produced in the desiliconization is removed from the vessel in the intermediate slag removal.

Abstract: An optical module includes an emitter-side mounting substrate, a receiver-side mounting substrate and an external waveguide substrate. The mounting substrate is provided with a waveguide having a core and a pair of fitting recesses. The external waveguide substrate is provided with an external waveguide having a core, a pair of fitting tabs and a lap joint portion. As the fitting tabs are fitted into the respective fitting recesses, the mounting substrate) and the external waveguide substrate are joined together, the two cores are aligned with each other, and the lap joint portion is positioned to overlap the mounting substrate.

Abstract: To improve thermal insulation, a thermal infrared sensing element is carried on a sensor mount of a porous material and is spaced upwardly from a substrate by means of anchor studs projecting on the substrate. The sensor mount is formed with a pair of coplanar beams carry thereon leads extending from the sensing element. The leads and the beams are secured to the upper ends of the anchor studs to hold the sensing element at a predetermined height above the substrate. The beams and the leads are combined with each other by intermolecular adhesion such that the sensing element as well as the sensor mount can be altogether supported to the anchor studs.

Abstract: A light leakage generation portion is formed at a portion of connection by connecting two optical fibers so that a refractive index distribution of the optical fibers in the portion of connection is different from a refractive index distribution thereof in another portion, and a part of a light propagating a core of one optical fiber (optical fiber on the right side in the example shown) is leaked into a clad of the other optical fiber (optical fiber on the left side in the example shown). A light receiving element chip adheres to an outer circumferential surface of the clad of the other optical fiber via a transparent adhesive layer constituted by transparent adhesive so as to detect light leaked by the light leakage generation portion.

Abstract: In producing high-quality steel with use of copper-containing steel scraps as an iron source, the copper-containing steel scraps are melted with addition of carbon to produce hot metal for steelmaking, then, copper contained in the hot metal is removed by sulfur-containing flux, and sulfur contained in the hot metal is removed. With this method, the copper in the steel scraps can be removed efficiently and without the need for large facilities. Preferably, the sulfur-containing flux used is flux having Na2S as the main component. The treatment for removing copper in the hot metal is preferably carried out with use of refining equipment with mechanical stirrer or by the flux injecting method. Besides, it is preferable that a shaft furnace having a coke bed formed inside is used to produce hot metal having a higher concentration of sulfur for the copper removal treatment.

Abstract: To improve thermal insulation, a thermal infrared sensing element is carried on a sensor mount of a porous material and is spaced upwardly from a substrate by means of anchor studs projecting on the substrate. The sensor mount is formed with a pair of coplanar beams carry thereon leads extending from the sensing element. The leads and the beams are secured to the upper ends of the anchor studs to hold the sensing element at a predetermined height above the substrate. The beams and the leads are combined with each other by intermolecular adhesion such that the sensing element as well as the sensor mount can be altogether supported to the anchor studs.

Abstract: An optical module includes an emitter-side mounting substrate, a receiver-side mounting substrate and an external waveguide substrate. The mounting substrate is provided with a waveguide having a core and a pair of fitting recesses. The external waveguide substrate is provided with an external waveguide having a core, a pair of fitting tabs and a lap joint portion. As the fitting tabs are fitted into the respective fitting recesses, the mounting substrate and the external waveguide substrate are joined together, the two cores are aligned with each other, and the lap joint portion is positioned to overlap the mounting substrate.

Abstract: In an optical attenuator, there are a first optical waveguide 3A connected to an input optical waveguide 1, a second optical waveguide 3B connected to an output optical waveguide 2 and a connecting optical waveguide 4, which are connected with each other in series. A first recess 13A and a second recess 13B are formed in a positional relationship of opposite directions with respect to an axial direction of an optic axis of light that is inputted through the input optical waveguide 1, transmitted through the first optical waveguide 3A, the connecting optical waveguide 4 and the second optical waveguide 3B and outputted from the output optical waveguide 2.

Abstract: In an optical attenuator, there are a first optical waveguide 3A connected to an input optical waveguide 1, a second optical waveguide 3B connected to an output optical waveguide 2 and a connecting optical waveguide 4, which are connected with each other in series. A first recess 13A and a second recess 13B are formed in a positional relationship of opposite directions with respect to an axial direction of an optic axis of light that is inputted through the input optical waveguide 1, transmitted through the first optical waveguide 3A, the connecting optical waveguide 4 and the second optical waveguide 3B and outputted from the output optical waveguide 2.

Abstract: A method of forming a complex profile of uneven depressions in the surface of the ablatable workpiece by laser ablation with the use of a simple optics or a mask of a simple configuration. The method includes the steps of determining the complex profile in accordance with a particular feature to be given to the surface of the workpiece, then dividing the complex profile into more than one simple and regular waveform patterns of different characteristics, and irradiating an energy beam to the surface of the work piece to form the individual regular waveform patterns successively in an superimposed fashion by ablation in the surface of the workpiece. Accordingly, the desired complex profile can be easily obtained at an improved efficiency and at a moderate cost.