Abstract: An electromagnetic switch has a contact device having a pair of fixed contacts fixed inside an arc extinguishing chamber housing and a movable contact disposed to contact with and separate from the fixed contacts; and an electromagnetic device having a movable plunger moving between an opened position wherein the movable contact separates from the fixed contacts and a closed position wherein the movable contact contacts with the fixed contacts and pressed down. The arc extinguishing chamber housing is provided with permanent magnets to extinguish an arc generated at an opening time when the movable contact separates from the fixed contacts from a state in the closed position wherein the movable contact is contacting with the fixed contacts. In a state wherein the movable plunger is in the opened position, a magnetic circuit is formed starting from the permanent magnets and returning to the permanent magnets through the movable plunger.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus includes: an opening/closing portion configured to be rotatable around a hinge shaft; a biasing portion configured to apply a force to the opening/closing portion such that moment of the hinge shaft rotation higher than moment of the hinge shaft rotation according to self-weight of the opening/closing member is generated in a state in which the opening/closing portion is placed in a range up to a predetermined rotation angle from a closed position with respect to the apparatus main body, and moment of the hinge shaft rotation that is balanced with the moment of the hinge shaft rotation according to the self-weight of the opening/closing portion is generated in a state in which the opening/closing portion is opened more than the predetermined rotation angle; and a holding portion configured to maintain the opening/closing portion at the closed position.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate processing system including a group controller which determines a combination of processing apparatuses having the shortest total processing time including the processing end time in a final processing apparatus, determines a predictable elapsed time up to a processing start time by a predetermined downstream processing apparatus for a wafer lot from a processing end time of the wafer lot by a predetermined processing apparatus in the combination of the processing apparatuses, and determines a timing of discharging the substrate to the predetermined processing apparatus or an upstream processing apparatus of the predetermined processing apparatus so that the predictable elapsed time is set within a predetermined time when the predictable elapsed time exceeds the predetermined time.

Abstract: An electromagnetic contactor includes a base plate having an aperture hole; an arc extinguishing chamber formed by a fixed terminal support insulating substrate and a cylinder portion; and a bottomed tubular cap in which one end thereof is open. An arc extinguishing chamber connection portion is formed by the arc extinguishing chamber and a first connection member having a flange portion. A cap connection portion is formed by the cap and a second connection member having a tube portion and a flange portion. The flange portion of the first connection member is attached to one surface of the base plate, and the flange portion of the second connection member is attached to the other surface of the base plate, so that the arc extinguishing chamber connection portion and the cap connection portion are in communication through the aperture hole of the base plate.

Abstract: A glass substrate for a CIGS solar cell, having high cell efficiency and high glass transition temperature is provided. The glass substrate for a vapor-deposited CIGS film solar cell has a glass transition temperature of at least 580° C. and an average thermal expansion coefficient of from 70×10?7 to 100×10?7/° C., wherein the ratio of the average total amount of Ca, Sr and Ba within from 10 to 40 nm in depth from the surface of the glass substrate to the total amount of Ca, Sr and Ba at 5,000 nm in depth from the surface of the glass substrate is at most 0.35, and the ratio of the average Na amount within from 10 to 40 nm in depth from the surface of the glass substrate after heat treatment to such average Na amount before the heat treatment is at least 1.5.

Abstract: An electromagnetic contactor has a contact device having a pair of fixed contacts and a movable contact; and an electromagnet unit including an exciting coil driving a movable plunger connected through a connecting shaft. The contact device is configured such that L-shaped portions have a contact portion formed in the pair of fixed contacts fixed maintaining a predetermined interval, and two ends of the movable contact are disposed to be capable of contacting to and separating from the contact portions of the L-shaped portion on a side opposite to that of the electromagnet unit. The electromagnet unit includes a magnetic yoke enclosing a plunger drive portion, a movable plunger having a leading end protruding through an aperture formed in the magnetic yoke and urged by a return spring, and a ring-form permanent magnet magnetized in a movable direction of the movable plunger and fixed to enclose a peripheral flange portion.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus capable of preventing degradation of image quality and reducing time required for rotational phase control. Toner images different in color are formed on a plurality of photosensitive drums, respectively. The toner images are transferred onto an intermediate transfer belt in superimposed relation. A motor controller performs phase control for bringing phases of the respective photosensitive drums into predetermined relation based on a rotational phase difference detected using phase detection sensors. When the rotational phase difference is out of a predetermined range, the motor controller performs the phase control with the photosensitive drums and the intermediate transfer belt separated from each other, whereas when the rotational phase difference is within the predetermined range, the motor controller performs the phase control with the photosensitive drums and the intermediate transfer belt in contact with each other.

Abstract: An electromagnetic contactor has a base plate having an aperture hole; an arc extinguishing chamber including a fixed terminal having a vent portion and a pipe obliquely inserted from outside a wall surface and connecting the vent portion; and a bottomed tubular cap in which one end thereof is open. An arc extinguishing chamber connection portion is formed by the arc extinguishing chamber and a first connection member having a tube portion connected to the arc extinguishing chamber and a flange portion contacting with the base plate. A cap connection portion is formed by the cap and a second connection member having a tube portion connected to the cap and a flange portion connected to the base plate. The arc extinguishing chamber connection portion and the cap connection portion are in communication through the aperture hole of the base plate.

Abstract: An electromagnetic switch has a contact device having a pair of fixed contacts fixed inside an arc extinguishing chamber housing and a movable contact disposed to contact with and separate from the fixed contacts; and an electromagnetic device having a movable plunger moving between an opened position wherein the movable contact separates from the fixed contacts and a closed position wherein the movable contact contacts with the fixed contacts and pressed down. The arc extinguishing chamber housing is provided with permanent magnets to extinguish an arc generated at an opening time when the movable contact separates from the fixed contacts from a state in the closed position wherein the movable contact is contacting with the fixed contacts. In a state wherein the movable plunger is in the opened position, a magnetic circuit is formed starting from the permanent magnets and returning to the permanent magnets through the movable plunger.

Abstract: The sizes of a sealing member in the X-direction and of a white shading plate in the X-direction are designed so that a peripheral end of the white shading plate faces an adhesive material layer of the sealing member. No gap is generated between the sealing member and the white shading plate. Further, the sealing member includes a white base material layer, so that the sealing member itself, as with the white shading plate, easily reflects light, resulting in a reduction in loss in the amount of light in this area.

Abstract: After a cassette is mounted on a cassette mounting part, a control unit instructs a substrate treatment apparatus to start treatment on substrates in the cassette. Thereafter, the control unit indicates, to the substrate treatment apparatus, a cassette on the cassette mounting part to which a substrate is transferred at completion of the treatment. If the transfer destination cassette for the substrate at the completion of treatment has not been indicated when a number of remaining treatment steps for the substrate reaches a predetermined set number, an alarm is given from the substrate treatment apparatus. This alarm is sent from the substrate treatment apparatus to the control unit, and the control unit indicates a transfer destination cassette for the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention is a filler metal installation position checking method and a filler metal installation position checking system for confirming difference between installation position and designed position of a filler metal embedded in a wall surface. A standard surface target 16 having known actual dimension and position to a wall surface 12 is provided to the wall surface 12 where a filler metal 14 is installed. The wall surface 12 is photographed together with the standard surface target 16 to create image data 18. Using actual position and dimension of the standard surface target 16 and position and dimension of the standard surface target 16 on an image displayed by the image data 18, the image data 18 is converted into corrected image data 20 displaying an image corrected in a manner that the image is photographed from front of the wall surface.

Abstract: A substrate transfer method for transferring target substrates proceeds in a substrate processing system for performing processes including a photolithography sequence on the target substrates. The system includes a first automated substrate transfer line configured to transfer the target substrates among a plurality of process sections for respectively performing processes on the target substrates, and a second automated substrate transfer line of a cyclical type dedicated to a plurality of process apparatuses of a photolithography process section, which are configured to perform a series of processes in the photolithography sequence, the second automated substrate transfer line being located relative to the first automated substrate transfer line so as for the target substrates to be transferred therebetween.

Abstract: An electromagnetic contactor manufacturing method includes a step of forming an arc extinguishing chamber connection portion by simultaneously brazing a fixed terminal and a pipe penetrating and fixed to a tub-shaped arc extinguishing chamber, and a tube portion of a first connection member in communication with an open end portion of the arc extinguishing chamber; a step of forming a cap connection portion having a flange portion extending outward in a radial direction from an open end of a bottomed tubular cap; and a step of disposing a flange portion of the first connection member and a flange portion of a second connection member in close contact with a base plate in which an aperture hole is formed, and welding each of the flange portions to the base plate so that the arc extinguishing chamber connection portion and the cap connection portion are in communication through the aperture hole.

Abstract: An electromagnetic contactor has a base plate having an aperture hole; an arc extinguishing chamber including a fixed terminal having a vent portion and a pipe obliquely inserted from outside a wall surface and connecting the vent portion; and a bottomed tubular cap in which one end thereof is open. An arc extinguishing chamber connection portion is formed by the arc extinguishing chamber and a first connection member having a tube portion connected to the arc extinguishing chamber and a flange portion contacting with the base plate. A cap connection portion is formed by the cap and a second connection member having a tube portion connected to the cap and a flange portion connected to the base plate. The arc extinguishing chamber connection portion and the cap connection portion are in communication through the aperture hole of the base plate.

Abstract: An electromagnetic contactor includes a base plate having an aperture hole; an arc extinguishing chamber formed by a fixed terminal support insulating substrate and a cylinder portion; and a bottomed tubular cap in which one end thereof is open. An arc extinguishing chamber connection portion is formed by the arc extinguishing chamber and a first connection member having a flange portion. A cap connection portion is formed by the cap and a second connection member having a tube portion and a flange portion. The flange portion of the first connection member is attached to one surface of the base plate, and the flange portion of the second connection member is attached to the other surface of the base plate, so that the arc extinguishing chamber connection portion and the cap connection portion are in communication through the aperture hole of the base plate.

Abstract: A beam data processing apparatus has a plurality of channel data conversion units that convert a plurality of analogue signals outputted from a position monitor into digital signals, a position size processing unit that calculates a beam position, based on voltage information items obtained through processing by the plurality of channel data conversion units, an abnormality determination processing unit that determines the beam position and generates a position abnormality signal, and an integrated control unit that controls the plurality of channel data conversion units in such a way that while a beam is stopped at an irradiation spot, digital signal conversion processing is implemented two or more times; the channel data conversion unit has a plurality of A/D converters, a demultiplexer that distributes analogue signals, and a multiplexer that switches respective digital signals processed by the ND converters so as to output them to the position size processing unit.

Abstract: In order to obtain a particle beam irradiation apparatus that enlarges the dose distribution of beam spots while suppressing a decrease of the maximum available range of a charged particle beam, the particle beam irradiation apparatus includes a particle beam acceleration means; particle beam transport means; scanning apparatus that includes first scanning means and second scanning means, and two-dimensionally scans the beam; and irradiation control means that controls the scanning apparatus so as to irradiate the beam onto a target region including a plurality of small regions. The irradiation control means controls the first scanning means so as to scan the beam over a small region serving as an irradiation subject among the plurality of the small regions, and controls the second scanning means so as to change the small region serving as the irradiation subject to be a different small region among the plurality of the small regions.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus which performs toner discharge control for held toners of respective colors, comprises: an image carrier; a transfer member on which toner images of the respective colors formed on the image carrier are transferred and superposed; a calculation unit configured to calculate toner amounts used to form the toner images of the respective colors; and a control unit configured to superpose toners of at least two colors onto the transfer member when the toner amounts calculated by the calculation unit are smaller than a predetermined consumption amount, wherein the control unit decides a combination of colors of the toners to be superposed in accordance with differences between the toner amounts and the predetermined consumption amount.

Abstract: An electromagnetic switch has a contact device having a pair of fixed contacts fixed thereof and maintaining a predetermined interval inside an arc-extinguishing chamber receptacle, and a movable contact disposed to be connectable with the pair of fixed contacts; and an electromagnetic device driving the movable contact. The electromagnetic device has a cylindrical exciting coil, a fixed core passing through center of the exciting coil, a magnetic yoke covering an outer side of the exciting coil, and a movable core facing the fixed core and the magnetic yoke, and armature surfaces of the fixed core and the magnetic yoke are formed on a side of the contact device than the exciting coil.