Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus having a light conductor plate, a liquid crystal cell arranged on a front surface side of the light conductor plate, and a light source arranged on a side surface of the light conductor plate so as to light the liquid crystal cell from a back surface side thereof. The light conductor plate has an incident surface for a light from the light source, a light emitting surface for emitting the input light to the liquid crystal cell, and a plurality of dots constituted by small projecting portions or small recess portions for changing a moving direction of the light from the incidence surface toward a direction of the light emitting surface. The dots are formed in at least one of the light emitting surface and a surface of the light conductor plate opposite to the light emitting surface and have a particular configuration.

Abstract: A clubhead measuring gauge comprises a fixed base capable of rotating and adjusting its position along a circumference and fixing a protractor; an adjustable measuring base for mounting the protractor and allowing the protractor to shift its position in an increasing or decreasing angle; and an assistant measuring base having a standard side. All of the foregoing components are coupled to a base having a flat horizontal surface. By means of the protractor of the adjustable measuring base, the face angle of golfclubs can be adjusted to match the measuring angle of the measurement, and thus reducing the error and improving precision. Further, the fixed base is rotated to the left or right to attach the sole of the golfclub with the horizontal surface of the base for the measurement of the angles of golfclubs.

Abstract: A clubhead measuring gauge comprises a fixed base capable of rotating and adjusting its position along a circumference and fixing a protractor; an adjustable measuring base for mounting the protractor and allowing the protractor to shift its position in an increasing or decreasing angle; and an assistant measuring base having a standard side. All of the foregoing components are coupled to a base having a flat horizontal surface. By means of the protractor of the adjustable measuring base, the face angle of golfclubs can be adjusted to match the measuring angle of the measurement, and thus reducing the error and improving precision. Further, the fixed base is rotated to the left or right to attach the sole of the golfclub with the horizontal surface of the base for the measurement of the angles of golfclubs.

Abstract: A composition containing a high-molecular compound having as a photo-crosslinkable group any of a cinnamoyl group, a cinnamylidene group, a chalcone residual group, an isocoumarin residual group, a 2,5-dimethoxystilbene residual group, a thymine residual group, a styrylpyridinium residual group, an ?-phenylmaleimide residual group, an anthracene residual group and a 2-pyrone residual group, or an aromatic bisazide, is cross-linked by light irradiation via a mask to cure the composition in a prescribed pattern to form photoemission layers.

Abstract: Electroluminescence elements mounted on a substrate of an OLED display device are sealed by a protective film made of synthetic resin with chemical reaction curing in place of a sealing can. The protective film is formed such that a thickness thereof is equal to or larger than a thickness of the substrate. Alternatively, the protective film is formed by laminating a plurality of resin films which differ in one of the water absorption ratio, the elastic modulus and the hardness. With respect to the protective film which is formed of a plurality of laminated films, compared to the protective film at the electroluminescence element side, the protective film which covers the former protective film has the water absorption ratio, the elastic modulus or the hardness larger than the water absorption ratio, the elastic modulus or the hardness of the former protective film.

Abstract: Electroluminescence elements mounted on a substrate of an OLED display device are sealed by a protective film made of synthetic resin with chemical reaction curing in place of a sealing can. The protective film is formed such that a thickness thereof is equal to or larger than a thickness of the substrate. Alternatively, the protective film is formed by laminating a plurality of resin films which differ in one of the water absorption ratio, the elastic modulus and the hardness. With respect to the protective film which is formed of a plurality of laminated films, compared to the protective film at the electroluminescence element side, the protective film which covers the former protective film has the water absorption ratio, the elastic modulus or the hardness larger than the water absorption ratio, the elastic modulus or the hardness of the former protective film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve includes a semiconductor substrate having a region for a plurality of switching elements formed in a matrix form. A first metal layer is formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate through an insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by first slits. A second metal layer is formed on the first metal layer through another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by second slits. A third metal layer is formed on the second metal layer through still another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by third slits. An opposite substrate has an opposite electrode on a surface thereof, disposed so as to be opposite to said third metal layer through an interval on the opposite electrode side. Liquid crystal fills the interval between said opposite electrode and the third metal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus having a light conductor plate, a liquid crystal cell arranged on a front surface side of the light conductor plate, and a light source arranged on a side surface of the light conductor plate so as to light the liquid crystal cell from a back surface side thereof. The light conductor plate has an incident surface for a light from the light source, a light emitting surface for emitting the input light to the liquid crystal cell, and a plurality of dots constituted by small projecting portions or small recess portions for changing a moving direction of the light from the incidence surface toward a direction of the light emitting surface. The dots are formed in at least one of the light emitting surface and a surface of the light conductor plate opposite to the light emitting surface and have a particular configuration.

Abstract: A composition containing a high-molecular compound having as a photo-crosslinkable group any of a cinnamoyl group, a cinnamylidene group, a chalcone residual group, an isocoumarin residual group, a 2,5-dimethoxystilbene residual group, a thymine residual group, a styrylpyridinium residual group, an &agr;-phenylmaleimide residual group, an anthracene residual group and a 2-pyrone residual group, or an aromatic bisazide, is cross-linked by light irradiation via a mask to cure the composition in a prescribed pattern to form photoemission layers.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus having a light conductor plate, a light source arranged on a side surface of the light conductor plate so as to light a liquid crystal cell arranged on a front surface side of the light conductor plate from a back surface side thereof. The light conductor plate having an incident surface for a light from the light source, a light emitting surface for emitting the input light to the liquid crystal cell, and a plurality of dots constituted by small projecting portions or small recess portions for changing a moving direction of the light from the incidence surface toward a direction of the light emitting surface, the dots being formed in the light emitting surface and a surface of the light conductor plate opposite to the light emitting surface with each of the dots having a height or depth within a range of 2 to 100 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for converting between different video formats, which provide smooth video motion by eliminating unnatural effects which could be introduced in the process of video format conversion. A frame interpolator produces interpolated frames from a first video signal given in a first video format by using motion vectors of the first video signal. From the interpolated frames, a video signal generator produces a second video signal in a second video format that is incompatible with the first video format.

Abstract: A method for identifying damaged parts of a vehicle, including those inside the body, in a prompt and accurate manner. The method measures the position of a transmitter attached at a predetermined point of a vehicle under test, by processing a transmitter signal received by a plurality of receivers (step S1). The displacement of the transmitter is then calculated by comparing the measured position of the transmitter with its corresponding reference position (step S2). Here, the reference position refers to the ideal position at which the transmitter is supposed to be when it is assumed that the vehicle is in normal state. The method then identifies damaged parts around the transmitter, based on the displacement (step S3).

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve includes a semiconductor substrate having a region for a plurality of switching elements formed in a matrix form. A first metal layer is formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate through an insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by first slits. A second metal layer is formed on the first metal layer through another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by second slits. A third metal layer is formed on the second metal layer through still another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by third slits. An opposite substrate has an opposite electrode on a surface thereof, disposed so as to be opposite to said third metal layer through an interval on the opposite electrode side. Liquid crystal fills the interval between said opposite electrode and the third metal layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display apparatus having a high brightness and a less number of constituent parts. By forming a plurality of dots each constituted by a small projecting portion or a small recess portion for changing a light at a predetermined angle from an incident surface of a light conductor plate toward a direction of a transmitting surface and properly controlling an angle of incline of a cross section, it is possible to irradiate an illuminating light having a suitable angle distribution from a light emitting surface toward a display element, thereby improving a brightness of the liquid crystal display apparatus.

Abstract: In a display device comprising a first substrate having a display area formed by arranging a plurality of pixels in a matrix manner and a driving circuit driving the plurality of pixels arranged outside of the display area both provided on a main surface thereof, a second substrate covering the main surface of the first substrate and stuck thereto at a seal material interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate which surrounds the display area and the driving circuit on the main surface of the first substrate, and a light emitting element and an active element being provided for each of the plurality of pixels, the present invention provides a light shielding layer covering both the display area and the driving circuit to prevent the display area and the driving circuit from being exposed to ultraviolet light incident on the second substrate with which the seal material is irradiated to be cured, and avoids deterioration of characteristics of the active elements in the display area and the d

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus having a light conductor plate, a light source arranged on a side surface of the light conductor plate so as to light a liquid crystal cell arranged on a front surface side of the light conductor plate from a back surface side thereof. The light conductor plate having an incident surface for a light from the light source, a light emitting surface for emitting the input light to the liquid crystal cell, and a plurality of dots constituted by small projecting portions or small recess portions for changing a moving direction of the light from the incidence surface toward a direction of the light emitting surface, the dots being formed in the light emitting surface and a surface of the light conductor plate opposite to the light emitting surface with each of the dots having a height or depth within a range of 2 to 100 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A composition containing a high-molecular compound having as a photo-crosslinkable group any of a cinnamoyl group, a cinnamylidene group, a chalcone residual group, an isocoumarin residual group, a 2,5-dimethoxystilbene residual group, a thymine residual group, a styrylpyridinium residual group, an &agr;-phenylmaleimide residual group, an anthracene residual group and a 2-pyrone residual group, or an aromatic bisazide, is cross-linked by light irradiation via a mask to cure the composition in a prescribed pattern to form photoemission layers.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve includes a semiconductor substrate having a region for a plurality of switching elements formed in a matrix form. A first metal layer is formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate through an insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by first slits. A second metal layer is formed on the first metal layer through another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by second slits. A third metal layer is formed on the second metal layer through still another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by third slits. An opposite substrate has an opposite electrode on a surface thereof, disposed so as to be opposite to said third metal layer through an interval on the opposite electrode side. Liquid crystal fills the interval between said opposite electrode and the third metal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve includes a semiconductor substrate having a region for a plurality of switching elements formed in a matrix form. A first metal layer is formed on the surface of the semi-conductor substrate through an insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by first slits. A second metal layer is formed on the first metal layer through another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by second slits. A third metal layer is formed on the second metal layer through still another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by third slits. An opposite substrate has an opposite electrode on a surface thereof, disposed so as to be opposite to said third metal layer through an interval on the opposite electrode side. Liquid crystal fills the interval between said opposite electrode and the third metal layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemical vapor deposition apparatus for a semiconductor film, containing a horizontal tubular reactor, a susceptor, a heater, a feed gas introduction portion and a reaction gas exhaust portion, where part of the tubular reactor walls inclines downward from the upstream side of the feed gas passageway towards the downstream side thereof. The present invention also provides a chemical vapor deposition method using the apparatus.