Abstract: This specification discloses an electric power supply system for an automobile having a load which needs a higher voltage than the normal battery voltage.

Abstract: A system and method for canceling a periodic noise superposed on a real signal component of an original signal. The system comprises: a synchronous adaptive noise canceling filter which sequentially produces and corrects a noise component at each predetermined phase of the original signal in synchronization with a signal having a corelationship to a period of the original signal; a subtractor which subtracts the noise signal component produced by the synchronous adaptive noise canceling filter from the original signal so as to produce the real signal component as a target signal; and a signal generator which produces and sends a signal to the synchronous adaptive noise canceling filter so that the synchronous adaptive noise canceling filter produces a real periodic noise signal component without the real signal component on the basis of the signal component derived previously from the subtractor and original signal.

Abstract: A multi-layered surface reflecting mirror comprises a substrate, a metal or semiconductor film formed on one side of the substrate and a dielectric multi-layered film formed on the metal or semiconductor film. The dielectric multi-layered film consisting of a low refractive index material layer having an optical thickness of 0.05.lambda.o (.lambda.o/20)-0.4.lambda.o (2/5.lambda.o) (.lambda.o is the wavelength of a light used as the reference measurement for design purposes) and a high refractive index material layer having an optical thickness of .lambda.o/2. The low refractive index material layer existing closer to the metal or semiconductor film relative to the high refractive index material layer, and the high refractive index material layer existing closer to the atmosphere relative to the low refractive index material layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-layered back reflecting mirror which comprises a substrate, a dielectric multi-layered film formed on one side of the substrate and a metal or semiconductor film formed on the dielectric multi-layered film and which is superior in freedom from glare, visibility, decorative aspect, productivity, cost, etc.

Abstract: An improved mirror of a type especially advantageous for use as a rearview mirror for automotive applications. The inventive mirror employs a dielectric multi-layered coating formed on the front side of a glass or plastic transparent substract, the back side of which is provided with a light-absorbing layer. The dielectric coating is composed of three to six dielectric layers laminated one on top of another and having alternately differing refractive indices. At least one of the laminated dielectric layers has an optical thickness of .lambda..sub.0 /2, where .lambda..sub.0 is a wavelength of light used as a reference for design purposes and which is in a range of 500 to 580 nm for an incident angle of 0.degree., with each of the remaining dielectric layers having a thickness of .lambda..sub.0 /4.

Abstract: A range finder for use with a still camera and the like, projects an infrared light beam to an object and the light beam reflected from the object is detected by a split photosensor. The photosensor is made up of two photodiodes connected in opposite polarity relationship so that a differential photocurrent produced by the diode pair is amplified. The reflected light beam is tracked so that the photosensor provides a zero output, and the distance to the object is determined from the time needed to detect the zero photosensor output.

Abstract: A multi-layered back reflecting mirror having a dielectric multi-layered coating on oen side of a glass or plastic transparent substrate which is further overlaid with a light-absorbing layer. The dielectric multi-layered coating is composed of four to eight dielectric layers laminated one on top of another having alternately differing refractive indices. At least one of these dielectric layers has an optical thickness of .lambda..sub.0 /2 (.lambda..sub.0 is the wavelength of light used as the reference measurement for design purposes) and each of the remaining dielectric layers has an optical thickness of .lambda..sub.0 /4. The mirror has a relative reflection minimum for visible light in the range of 480 to 550 nonometers.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling ignition timing of an internal combustion engine controls the ignition timing in accordance with the measured intensity of knocking when such occurs. The system corrects the ignition timing by a retardation amount related to the intensity of knocking. The system monitors engine vibration over a period in which knocking cannot occur and over the period after TDC in which knocking may occur and compares the vibration intensity levels to produce a statistical measure of knocking intensity. If the measured intensity reflects a high probability of severe knocking, ignition is retarded immediation to an extent related to the measured intensity. If knocking is absent to a high probability, ignition timing is advanced to a fixed extent. When only light knocking is detected, the measured intensity is monitored over numerous ignition cycles until the cumulative intensity level reflects a high probability either of desirable trace knocking or moderately disruptive knocking.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, a spark timing control device adjusts spark timing in accordance with detected value of vibration in combustion pressure. A sensor detects vibration in combustion pressure within the engine. The detected combustion pressure vibration is converted into a correlation value relating to combustion condition of the engine. The current correlation value is compared to a reference value corresponding to the correlation value which was obtained during idling operation of the engine. This comparison is to determine whether or not a malfunction of the spark timing control device occurs. The spark timing is controlled in accordance with the detected combustion pressure vibration and also with the determination as to whether or not a malfunction of the spark timing control device occurs.

Abstract: A camera filter is provided with an ultraviolet ray absorbing substrate, on which is deposited an evaporated film which transmits blue and green light, but which sharply attenuates a portion of the red light in the higher wavelength range. Particularly, the wavelength at which the transmission factor reaches 50% is in a range from 640 to 700 nm. The evaporated film is formed on one surface of the substrate, typically the inner surface thereof relative to the camera lens, and the filter is fitted to a frame which may be suitably attached to the camera lens.

Abstract: A phosphate glass having coated directly on the surface thereof a layer of a fluoride. The glass is particularly suitable as a laser glass.