Abstract: An image forming apparatus is enabled to perform a first operation that forms an image with a first developer of one color transported by a first transport unit and held by a first developer holder that is rotating and a second operation that forms an image with a second developer of another color transported by a second transport unit and held by a second developer holder that is rotating.

Abstract: A highly efficient fuel cell capable of reasonably and effectively utilizing an internal reforming reaction is obtained even when an anode layer provided in a fuel cell element has a thickness of several tens of micron order. A fuel cell single unit is configured to include a reducing gas supply path for supplying a gas containing hydrogen to an anode layer, a steam supply path for supplying steam generated in a fuel cell element to the reducing gas supply path, and an internal reforming catalyst layer for producing hydrogen from a raw fuel gas by a steam reforming reaction are provided in the fuel cell single unit, and at least one steam supply path is provided on an upstream side of the internal reforming catalyst layer in a flow direction of the reducing gas supplied to the anode layer.

Abstract: A radio frequency circuit includes an antenna connection terminal, an input terminal, an output terminal, a filter having a pass band including at least part of a transmission band of Band A for FDD, a filter having a pass band including at least part of a reception band of the Band A, and a switch that includes terminals. The antenna connection terminal is connected to the terminal. The filter is connected between the terminal and the input terminal. The filter is connected between the terminal and the output terminal. The switch is configured to switch between first connection, second connection, and third connection. In the first connection, the terminal is connected to the terminal and the terminal is not connected to the terminal. In the second connection, the terminal is connected to the terminal and the terminal is not connected to the terminal.

Abstract: A metal support-type fuel cell that has a configuration in which a fuel cell element is supported by a metal support, and is capable of reasonably and effectively utilizing an internal reforming reaction even when an anode layer provided in the fuel cell element has a thickness of several tens of micron order is obtained. A fuel cell element is formed in a thin layer shape on a metal support, an internal reforming catalyst layer for producing hydrogen from a raw fuel gas by a steam reforming reaction is provided in a cell unit, and an internal reformed fuel supply path for discharging steam generated by a power generation reaction from an anode layer to lead the steam to the internal reforming catalyst layer, and leading the produced hydrogen to the anode layer is provided.

Abstract: A metal support for an electrochemical element has a plate shape as a whole, and is provided with a plurality of penetration spaces 1c that pass through the metal support from a front face 1a to a back face. The front face 1a is a face to be provided with an electrode layer. A region of the front face 1a provided with the penetration spaces is a hole region, and openings of the penetration spaces formed in the front face are front-side openings. An aperture ratio that is a ratio of the front-side openings to the hole region is 0.1% or more and 7.0% or less.

Abstract: Provided is a low-cost electrochemical element that has excellent performance, reliability, and durability. Also, provided is a manufacturing method for an electrochemical element including a metal substrate (metal support) and an electrode layer formed on/over the metal substrate. The method includes an electrode layer forming step of forming an electrode layer having a region with a surface roughness of 1.0 ?m or less on/over the metal substrate, and an electrolyte layer forming step of forming an electrolyte layer by spraying aerosolized metal oxide powder onto the electrode layer.

Abstract: A reverse water-gas shift catalyst that can be used at high temperatures is obtained. A reverse water-gas shift catalyst (cat1) is produced by executing an impregnation-supporting step of impregnating a carrier (cb1) containing alumina as a main component with nickel as a catalytically active component (ca1) to be supported on the carrier, and calcinating a precursor obtained in the impregnation-supporting step at a temperature of 500° C. or higher.

Abstract: A metal support for an electrochemical element where the metal support includes a plate face, has a plate shape as a whole, and has a warping degree of 1.5×10?2 or less determined by calculating a least square value through the least squares method using at least three points in the plate face of the metal support, calculating a first difference between the least square value and a positive-side maximum displacement value on a positive side with respect to the least square value and a second difference between the least square value and a negative-side maximum displacement value on a negative side that is opposite to the positive side with respect to the least square value, and dividing the sum of the first difference and the second difference by a maximum length of the plate face of the metal support that passes through a center of gravity.

Abstract: A substrate, with an electrode layer for a metal-supported electrochemical element of a solid oxide fuel cell or a solid oxide electrolytic cell, including a metal support, an electrode layer formed on/over the metal support, and an intermediate layer formed on/over the electrode layer, wherein the intermediate layer has a region with a surface roughness (Ra) of 1.0 ?m or less.

Abstract: A fuel cell single unit including: a fuel cell element in which an anode layer and a cathode layer are formed so as to sandwich an electrolyte layer; a reducing gas supply path for supplying a gas containing hydrogen to the anode layer; an oxidizing gas supply path for supplying a gas containing oxygen to the cathode layer; and an internal reforming catalyst layer, which has a reforming catalyst for steam-reforming a fuel gas, in at least a part of the reducing gas supply path is provided. An external reformer, which has a reforming catalyst for steam-reforming the fuel gas, is provided upstream of the reducing gas supply path, and the fuel gas partially reformed by the external reformer is supplied to the reducing gas supply path.

Abstract: Provided is a low-cost electrochemical element that includes a high-performance electrode layer. The electrochemical element includes an electrode layer, and the electrode layer contains small particles and large particles. The small particles have a particle diameter of 200 nm or less in the electrode layer, and the large particles have a particle diameter of 500 nm or more in the electrode layer.

Abstract: A metal support for an electrochemical element has a plate shape as a whole, and is provided with a plurality of penetration spaces that pass through the metal support from a front face to a back face. The front face is a face to be provided with an electrode layer. Each of front-side openings that are openings of the penetration spaces formed in the front face has an area of 3.0×10?4 mm2 or more and 3.0×10?3 mm2 or less.

Abstract: -- An electrolysis cell unit capable of efficiently electrolyzing water and carbon dioxide is obtained. An electrolysis cell unit includes at least an electrolysis cell in which an electrode layer and a counter electrode layer are formed with an electrolyte layer interposed therebetween and a discharge path for discharging hydrogen generated in the electrode layer, in which the electrolysis cell being formed in a thin layer on a support and a reverse water-gas shift reaction unit that generates carbon monoxide using carbon dioxide and the hydrogen by a reverse water-gas shift reaction being provided in at least a portion of the discharge path.

Abstract: Provided is a low-cost electrochemical element that has excellent performance, reliability, and durability. Also, provided is a manufacturing method for an electrochemical element including a metal substrate (metal support) and an electrode layer formed on/over the metal substrate. The method includes an electrode layer forming step of forming an electrode layer having a region with a surface roughness of 1.0 ?m or less on/over the metal substrate, and an electrolyte layer forming step of forming an electrolyte layer by spraying aerosolized metal oxide powder onto the electrode layer.

Abstract: A reverse water-gas shift catalyst that can be used at a high temperature is obtained, and a production method thereof is obtained. The reverse water-gas shift catalyst is obtained by at least supporting one or both of nickel and iron as a catalytically active component on a carrier containing a ceria-based metal oxide or a zirconia-based metal oxide as a main component, and a ratio of the carrier to the entire catalyst is 55% by weight or more.

Abstract: In a metal support mostly used for a metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), a SOFC system that improves the power generation efficiency by allowing a gas to smoothly flow into or flow out from the through-holes is achieved. A metal support is formed in a plate shape as a whole and has a plurality of through-holes penetrating from a front surface on which an electrode layer is provided to a back surface, and the metal support has inclined through-holes, as the through-holes each of which has a central axis inclined with respect to a thickness direction.

Abstract: As a hydrocarbon production system that synthesizes hydrocarbons using water and carbon dioxide as raw materials, a hydrocarbon production system capable of producing hydrocarbons by securing hydrogen and carbon monoxide required for hydrocarbon synthesis is provided. In a hydrocarbon production system that produces hydrocarbons from at least water and carbon dioxide, the hydrocarbon production system includes at least an electrolytic reaction unit, a reverse water-gas shift reaction unit, and a hydrocarbon synthesis reaction unit.

Abstract: Provided are a low-cost electrochemical device and the like that have both durability and high performance as well as excellent reliability. The electrochemical device includes at least one metal material, and the metal material is made of a Fe—Cr alloy that contains Ti in an amount of more than 0.10 mass % and 1.0 mass % or less.

Abstract: Realized is an element having an electrolyte layer that is dense and has high gas barrier characteristics. A metal-supported electrochemical element includes at least a metal substrate as a support, an electrode layer formed on/over the metal substrate, a buffer layer formed on the electrode layer, and an electrolyte layer formed on the buffer layer. The electrode layer is porous and the electrolyte layer is dense. The buffer layer has density higher than density of the electrode layer and lower than density of the electrolyte layer.

Abstract: Realized is an element having an electrolyte layer that is dense and has high gas barrier characteristics. A metal-supported electrochemical element includes at least a metal substrate as a support, an electrode layer formed on/over the metal substrate, a buffer layer formed on the electrode layer, and an electrolyte layer formed on the buffer layer. The electrode layer is porous and the electrolyte layer is dense. The buffer layer has density higher than density of the electrode layer and lower than density of the electrolyte layer.