Abstract: A method of producing a spectacle lens includes providing a substrate having a front surface and a back surface and coating or covering at least one of the front surface or the back surface of the substrate, in full or in part, with a layer. The surface topography of the substrate surface is changed by bringing the surface into contact with a medium and the medium is removed. A product made according to the method and including (i) a spectacle lens or (ii) a representation of the spectacle lens in the form of computer-readable data present on a data medium or (iii) a data medium including a virtual representation of the spectacle lens in the form of computer-readable data or (iv) a representation of the spectacle lens in the form of a computer-readable data signal, is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a support method of preset internal cable for in-situ tunnel expansion project, comprising a cable, lockset and an anchoring agent, wherein before the excavation of the newly-built tunnel, a borehole is drilled into the surrounding rock from the in-situ tunnel, and the cable is installed in the borehole and pre-stressed, so as to play a supporting role at the moment of excavation of the newly-built tunnel. The cable is fixed in the depth of the surrounding rock by the anchoring agent, and the lockset of the cable is set at the position of the excavation contour line of the newly-built tunnel inside the surrounding rock. The present invention provides a method that does not interfere with the excavation construction and can effectively support the surrounding rock of the expanded tunnel in advance.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a spectacle lens having a lens substrate a lens substrate and at least one coating is disclosed. The method includes at least the following steps in the given order: providing a lens substrate having an uncoated or pre-coated front surface and an uncoated or pre-coated back surface, coating at least one surface with at least one coating, the surface of the at least one coating being modifiable when contacted with at least one medium being able to modify the surface of the coating, completely or partially contacting the surface of the coating with the at least one medium, applying at least one single electromagnetic pulse to at least one of the surfaces of the spectacle lens having the lens substrate, the coating and the medium and obtaining the spectacle lens having the at least one coating with a completely or partially modified surface.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a spectacle lens having a lens substrate a lens substrate and at least one coating is disclosed. The method includes at least the following steps in the given order: providing a lens substrate having an uncoated or pre-coated front surface and an uncoated or pre-coated back surface, coating at least one surface with at least one coating, the surface of the at least one coating being modifiable when contacted with at least one medium being able to modify the surface of the coating, completely or partially contacting the surface of the coating with the at least one medium, applying at least one single electromagnetic pulse to at least one of the surfaces of the spectacle lens having the lens substrate, the coating and the medium and obtaining the spectacle lens having the at least one coating with a completely or partially modified surface.

Abstract: The disclosure provides use of an efficient, recyclable, green and friendly catalyst to realize a method of hydrogenation of an unsaturated alkene, and a method for preparing biodiesel through the transesterification of soybean oil with ethanol. The method of hydrogenation of the unsaturated alkene comprises performing a hydrogenation reaction of an unsaturated alkene at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure by using a CO2 and magnetic dual-responsive mesoporous poly(ionic liquid) as a catalyst I, and using n-hexane and water as a solvent, to obtain a corresponding saturated alkane. The method for preparing biodiesel through transesterification of soybean oil with ethanol comprises performing a transesterification reaction of soybean oil with ethanol at a temperature of 25-90° C. and atmospheric pressure by using a CO2 and magnetic dual-responsive mesoporous poly(ionic liquid) as a catalyst II, to obtain the biodiesel.

Abstract: A method of producing a spectacle lens includes providing a substrate having a front surface and a back surface and coating or covering at least one of the front surface or the back surface of the substrate, in full or in part, with a layer. The surface topography of the substrate surface is changed by bringing the surface into contact with a medium and the medium is removed. A product made according to the method and including (i) a spectacle lens or (ii) a representation of the spectacle lens in the form of computer-readable data present on a data medium or (iii) a data medium including a virtual representation of the spectacle lens in the form of computer-readable data or (iv) a representation of the spectacle lens in the form of a computer-readable data signal, is also disclosed.

Abstract: A commutation circuit includes a coil connected to an H bridge, the H bridge including four main switches for reversing polarity and a resulting coil current in the coil. The commutation circuit further includes a voltage source configured to generate a bypass current, and at least one auxiliary switch for controlling the bypass current to thereby decrease a switch current through at least one of the main switches. By generating an appropriate bypass current with help of a voltage source, a switch current through a desired main switch in a leading state can be decreased and eventually brought to zero. Zero current in its turn enables the use of thyristors as main switches as it results in the thyristors to be turned off automatically. Furthermore, decreased switch current at the switching moment reduces switching losses even in different types of switches such as GTOs and IGBTs.

Abstract: A rotating electrical machine including a stator or rotor including a plurality of serially connected switching cells. Each switching cell includes a winding subsection and a current reverser arranged to controllably alter a current direction through the winding subsection, and each current reverser includes a capacitor arranged to form a resonant circuit in cooperation with the winding subsection.

Abstract: Rotating machines and rotors therefor are disclosed. The bearings may be magnetic bearings configured to magnetically levitate the rotor. The rotors may include a hollow fiber-reinforced composite shaft and a magnetic bearing rotor core disposed on the shaft and configured for use with the magnetic bearing. In some examples, the rotating machines may be electrical machines.

Abstract: Rotors for electrical machines and methods of fabricating the same are disclosed. Electrical machine rotors may include a hollow non-magnetic shaft, an active region, and a plurality of coolant passages extending within the active region. The hollow non-magnetic shaft may extend along an axis and have an exterior surface that defines a shaft space extending along the axis. At least a portion of the active region may be disposed within the shaft space.

Abstract: Rotors for electrical machines and methods of fabricating the same are disclosed. Electrical machine rotors may include a hollow non-magnetic shaft, an active region, and a plurality of coolant passages extending within the active region. The hollow non-magnetic shaft may extend along an axis and have an exterior surface that defines a shaft space extending along the axis. At least a portion of the active region may be disposed within the shaft space.

Abstract: Rotating machines and rotors therefor are disclosed. The bearings may be magnetic bearings configured to magnetically levitate the rotor. The rotors may include a hollow fiber-reinforced composite shaft and a magnetic bearing rotor core disposed on the shaft and configured for use with the magnetic bearing. In some examples, the rotating machines may be electrical machines.

Abstract: Rotors for electrical machines and methods of fabricating the same are disclosed. Electrical machine rotors may include a hollow non-magnetic shaft, an active region, and a plurality of coolant passages extending within the active region. The hollow non-magnetic shaft may extend along an axis and have an exterior surface that defines a shaft space extending along the axis. At least a portion of the active region may be disposed within the shaft space.

Abstract: Rotating machines and rotors therefor are disclosed. The bearings may be magnetic bearings configured to magnetically levitate the rotor. The rotors may include a hollow fiber-reinforced composite shaft and a magnetic bearing rotor core disposed on the shaft and configured for use with the magnetic bearing. In some examples, the rotating machines may be electrical machines.

Abstract: A commutation circuit includes a coil connected to an H bridge, the H bridge including four main switches for reversing polarity and a resulting coil current in the coil. The commutation circuit further includes a voltage source configured to generate a bypass current, and at least one auxiliary switch for controlling the bypass current to thereby decrease a switch current through at least one of the main switches. By generating an appropriate bypass current with help of a voltage source, a switch current through a desired main switch in a leading state can be decreased and eventually brought to zero. Zero current in its turn enables the use of thyristors as main switches as it results in the thyristors to be turned off automatically. Furthermore, decreased switch current at the switching moment reduces switching losses even in different types of switches such as GTOs and IGBTs.

Abstract: Rotors for electrical machines and methods of fabricating the same are disclosed. Electrical machine rotors may include a hollow non-magnetic shaft, an active region, and a plurality of coolant passages extending within the active region. The hollow non-magnetic shaft may extend along an axis and have an exterior surface that defines a shaft space extending along the axis. At least a portion of the active region may be disposed within the shaft space.

Abstract: Rotating machines and rotors therefor are disclosed. The bearings may be magnetic bearings configured to magnetically levitate the rotor. The rotors may include a hollow fiber-reinforced composite shaft and a magnetic bearing rotor core disposed on the shaft and configured for use with the magnetic bearing. In some examples, the rotating machines may be electrical machines.

Abstract: A synchronous electrical motor includes a rotor with a DC field winding. An exciter is configured to energize the DC field winding by generating a DC current in a first direction across the DC field winding when activated. A control system is configured to control a current flow across the DC field winding, the control system including a field discharge resistor and a by-passing circuitry. The by-passing circuitry is configured to implement a first by-passing to electrically by-pass the field discharge resistor during a current flow in the first direction across the DC field winding, and to implement a second by-passing to electrically by-pass the field discharge resistor during a current flow in a second direction across the DC field winding. The control system is able to direct all the DC current generated by the exciter to flow across the DC field winding.

Abstract: A synchronous electrical motor includes a rotor with a DC field winding. An exciter is configured to energize the DC field winding by generating a DC current in a first direction across the DC field winding when activated. A control system is configured to control a current flow across the DC field winding, the control system including a field discharge resistor and a by-passing circuitry. The by-passing circuitry is configured to implement a first by-passing to electrically by-pass the field discharge resistor during a current flow in the first direction across the DC field winding, and to implement a second by-passing to electrically by-pass the field discharge resistor during a current flow in a second direction across the DC field winding. The control system is able to direct all the DC current generated by the exciter to flow across the DC field winding.

Abstract: A rotating electrical machine including a stator or rotor including a plurality of serially connected switching cells. Each switching cell includes a winding subsection and a current reverser arranged to controllably alter a current direction through the winding subsection, and each current reverser includes a capacitor arranged to form a resonant circuit in cooperation with the winding subsection.