Abstract: A control apparatus is provided for controlling an exhaust gas sensor. The exhaust gas sensor includes a first cell, a second cell configured to output electric current depending on the concentration of a measurement target component in exhaust gas from which oxygen has been removed by the first cell, and a heater configured to heat the first and second cells. The control apparatus includes a heater controlling unit, a current detecting unit configured to detect the electric current outputted from the second cell, and a deterioration determining unit. The deterioration determining unit causes the heater controlling unit to change output of the heater and thereby changes the temperature of the first cell. During the change in the output of the heater, the deterioration determining unit determines, based on an amount of change in the electric current detected by the current detecting unit, whether or not the second cell is deteriorated.

Abstract: It is to determine whether a temperature rise condition of a first cell or a second cell is satisfied based on whether a first parameter has exceeded a predetermined first threshold or a second parameter has exceeded a predetermined second threshold. After satisfaction of the temperature rise condition, it is to determine that an exhaust gas sensor is in an active state upon determination that a corresponding time condition is satisfied.

Abstract: A microcomputer includes a voltage application unit that selectively applies a normal voltage and a removal voltage higher than the normal voltage to a first cell of the exhaust gas sensor. The first cell is configured to remove, based on the removal voltage, oxygen in an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine. The microcomputer includes an element temperature measurement unit that measures an element temperature parameter indicative of a temperature of the first cell. The microcomputer includes a termination determination unit that determines, based on the element temperature parameter, a termination time of terminating the application of the removal voltage to the first cell by the voltage application unit.

Abstract: A handle includes handle grips and a handle pipe including an attachment portion, a first grip portion, a second grip portion, a first bent portion between the attachment portion and the first grip portion, and a second bent portion between the attachment portion and the second grip portion. The first grip portion includes a first overlapping region overlapping a first handle grip and a first non-overlapping region not overlapping the first handle grip. The second grip portion includes a second overlapping region overlapping a second handle grip and a second non-overlapping region not overlapping the second handle grip. The first and second non-overlapping regions each include a thick portion having a thickness larger than, or equal to, a thickness of the attachment portion. The first and second overlapping regions each include a thin portion having a thickness smaller than the thickness of the thick portion.

Abstract: A straddled vehicle includes a cross frame connected to a left main frame and a right main frame. As the vehicle is seen from the side, a centroid of a central cross section in a vehicle width direction of the cross frame is located within an area that is delimited by an upper extension obtained by extending rearward an upper outline of the left connecting frame, a lower extension obtained by extending rearward a lower outline of the left connecting frame, an upper outline of the left main frame and a lower outline of the left main frame.

Abstract: Each of SCUs to includes: a voltage switching unit that performs a first voltage switching to increase an oxygen concentration in a gas chamber and a second voltage switching to decrease the oxygen concentration in the gas chamber after the execution of the first voltage switching; an output change calculation unit that calculates an output change parameter indicating a change in output of the sensor cell according to the voltage switching; a concentration difference calculation unit that calculates a concentration difference parameter indicating a concentration difference in the oxygen concentration or in the concentration of the specific gas in the detection target gas between before the first voltage switching and after the second voltage switching; and a deterioration determination unit that determines a deterioration state of the sensor cell based on the output change parameter and the concentration difference parameter.

Abstract: A straddled vehicle includes a main frame extending rearward from a head pipe in a vehicle front-rear direction; a rubber bracket attached to the main frame and formed in a recessed shape that is open upward; and a protruding member extending sideways from a side wall of a fuel tank, wherein the protruding member engages with the rubber bracket. A portion of the fuel tank overlaps with a rear cross frame as the vehicle is seen from above.

Abstract: An ignition apparatus for an internal combustion engine provided with an ignition coil and a spark plug. An ECU enables operation of a plurality of continuous discharges in the spark plug and also detects a flow speed of a combustible air/fuel mixture. In a first discharge, a supply of a primary current terminates the first discharge, with energy remaining in the ignition coil, from an initiation of the ignition to an initiation of the spark plug, when the detected flow speed exceeds a predetermined first threshold. Thereafter, a second discharge is performed by shutting off the primary current.

Abstract: An ignition control system is applied to an internal combustion engine having an ignition coil, a switching element and a measurement detection part which detects at least one of a primary and a secondary voltages and a secondary current. The ignition coil has a primary coil and a secondary coil. The switching element performs conduction and interruption the primary current to the primary coil. The ignition control system has a primary current control unit generating a spark discharge at the ignition plug by passing the primary current through the primary coil, and perform interruption of the primary current, and a discharge short-circuiting determination part determining a generation of discharge short-circuiting based on a measured value. The primary current control unit generates the spark discharge again when discharge short-circuiting occurs.

Abstract: In a control device for an exhaust gas sensor, a deterioration determination section determines whether the magnitude of a signal outputted from a second cell has exceeded a threshold to thereby determine whether a first cell has deteriorated. A threshold setting section variably sets the threshold depending on a concentration of the oxygen in the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A control apparatus is provided for controlling an exhaust gas sensor. The exhaust gas sensor includes a first cell, a second cell configured to output electric current depending on the concentration of a measurement target component in exhaust gas from which oxygen has been removed by the first cell, and a heater configured to heat the first and second cells. The control apparatus includes a heater controlling unit, a current detecting unit configured to detect the electric current outputted from the second cell, and a deterioration determining unit. The deterioration determining unit causes the heater controlling unit to change output of the heater and thereby changes the temperature of the first cell. During the change in the output of the heater, the deterioration determining unit determines, based on an amount of change in the electric current detected by the current detecting unit, whether or not the second cell is deteriorated.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a coating liquid for forming a transparent conductive film, capable of forming a transparent conductive film having excellent transparency and electrical conductivity using a wet-coating method. Disclosed is the method for producing a coating liquid for forming a transparent conductive film, the method including a heating and dissolution step and a dilution step, in which the conditions for heating and dissolution/reaction of the heating and dissolution step are such that the heating temperature is in the range of 130° C.?T?180° C., and the heating time is in the range shown in FIG. 1.

Abstract: A straddled vehicle includes a duct part formed integrally with a lower case of an air cleaner and extending forward from the lower case in a vehicle front-rear direction, and a side cover including a duct formation portion placed outward of the duct part in a vehicle width direction. At least a portion of the side cover is assembled onto the duct part. A duct is defined by the duct part and the duct formation portion of the side cover.

Abstract: A handle includes handle grips and a handle pipe including an attachment portion, a first grip portion, a second grip portion, a first bent portion between the attachment portion and the first grip portion, and a second bent portion between the attachment portion and the second grip portion. The first grip portion includes a first overlapping region overlapping a first handle grip and a first non-overlapping region not overlapping the first handle grip. The second grip portion includes a second overlapping region overlapping a second handle grip and a second non-overlapping region not overlapping the second handle grip. The first and second non-overlapping regions each include a thick portion having a thickness larger than, or equal to, a thickness of the attachment portion. The first and second overlapping regions each include a thin portion having a thickness smaller than the thickness of the thick portion.

Abstract: In a gas sensor, a pump cell adjusts a concentration of oxygen in a gas chamber based of a pump cell supply voltage. A sensor cell detects a concentration of a specific gas in a detection target gas after the pump cell has adjusted the concentration of oxygen. In a sensor control unit, a voltage switching part adjusts the pump cell supply voltage to be supplied to the pump cell. A pump cell output control part adjusts a variation range of a pump cell output current of the pump cell before and after a voltage switching process of the pump cell supply voltage to be within a predetermined variation range. A deteriorated state detection part detects a deteriorated state ratio of the sensor cell based on variation of an output current of the sensor cell due to the voltage switching process performed by the voltage switching part.

Abstract: A straddled vehicle includes a main frame extending rearward from a head pipe in a vehicle front-rear direction; a rubber bracket attached to the main frame and formed in a recessed shape that is open upward; and a protruding member extending sideways from a side wall of a fuel tank, wherein the protruding member engages with the rubber bracket. A portion of the fuel tank overlaps with a rear cross frame as the vehicle is seen from above.

Abstract: A straddled vehicle includes a cross frame connected to a left main frame and a right main frame. As the vehicle is seen from the side, a centroid of a central cross section in a vehicle width direction of the cross frame is located within an area that is delimited by an upper extension obtained by extending rearward an upper outline of the left connecting frame, a lower extension obtained by extending rearward a lower outline of the left connecting frame, an upper outline of the left main frame and a lower outline of the left main frame.

Abstract: A straddled vehicle includes a duct part formed integrally with a lower case of an air cleaner and extending forward from the lower case in a vehicle front-rear direction, and a side cover including a duct formation portion placed outward of the duct part in a vehicle width direction. At least a portion of the side cover is assembled onto the duct part. A duct is defined by the duct part and the duct formation portion of the side cover.

Abstract: An ignition control system is applied to an internal combustion engine having an ignition coil, a switching element and a measurement detection part which detects at least one of a primary and a secondary voltages and a secondary current. The ignition coil has a primary coil and a secondary coil. The switching element performs conduction and interruption the primary current to the primary coil. The ignition control system has a primary current control unit generating a spark discharge at the ignition plug by passing the primary current through the primary coil, and perform interruption of the primary current, and a discharge short-circuiting determination part determining a generation of discharge short-circuiting based on a measured value. The primary current control unit generates the spark discharge again when discharge short-circuiting occurs.

Abstract: An ignition apparatus for an internal combustion engine provided with an ignition coil and a spark plug. An ECU enables operation of a plurality of continuous discharges in the spark plug and also detects a flow speed of a combustible air/fuel mixture. In a first discharge, a supply of a primary current terminates the first discharge, with energy remaining in the ignition coil, from an initiation of the ignition to an initiation of the spark plug, when the detected flow speed exceeds a predetermined first threshold. Thereafter, a second discharge is performed by shutting off the primary current.