Abstract: A straddle-type vehicle includes a bracket including a first attachment portion, a second attachment portion and a coupling portion. The first attachment portion is attached to a down frame. The second attachment portion is attached to an engine and is located rearward of the first attachment portion. The coupling portion is located between the first and second attachment portions and couples the first attachment portion with the second attachment portion. The first and second attachment portions extend in the front-to-rear direction. The first attachment portion is offset relative to the second attachment portion in a vehicle width direction. In a plan view of the vehicle, the coupling portion is oriented in or substantially in a front-to-rear direction with respect to the vehicle and extends in a direction different from that of the first and second attachment portions.

Abstract: A motorcycle includes an engine, a first main frame extending in top-to-bottom and front-to-rear directions with respect to the vehicle to support the engine, a first rear frame extending from the first main frame rearwardly with respect to the vehicle and connected with the first main frame in at least two locations, an exhaust pipe that discharges exhaust gases from the engine to the outside, and a silencer attached to a rear portion of the exhaust pipe, at least a portion of the silencer being located below the first rear frame. A rear portion of the silencer is connected with the first rear frame. At least one of a front portion of the silencer and the exhaust pipe is connected with the first main frame below the first rear frame.

Abstract: A spark plug has a center electrode and an earth electrode. The center electrode is faced to the earth electrode so that a spark discharging gap is formed between the center electrode and the earth electrode. An electrode chip is formed on at least one of the center electrode and the earth electrode. The electrode chip has a composition containing 40 to 60 mol % of aluminum and iridium as a remainder thereof. In the composition of the electrode chip, it is possible to replace part of the iridium with 1 to 20 mol % of at least one metal selected from nickel, iron, cobalt, platinum and rhodium.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a coating liquid for forming a transparent conductive film, capable of forming a transparent conductive film having excellent transparency and electrical conductivity using a wet-coating method. Disclosed is the method for producing a coating liquid for forming a transparent conductive film, the method including a heating and dissolution step and a dilution step, in which the conditions for heating and dissolution/reaction of the heating and dissolution step are such that the heating temperature is in the range of 130° C.?T?180° C., and the heating time is in the range shown in FIG. 1.

Abstract: A spark plug for use in an internal combustion engine has a center electrode, an earth electrode, and an electrode chip formed on at least one of the center electrode and the earth electrode. A spark discharge gap is formed between the center electrode and the earth electrode. The electrode chip has a base section, a chromium rich layer formed on at least a part of the base section, and a diffusion layer formed between the base section and the chromium rich layer. The base section contains chromium within a range of 5 to 45 mass %, an element X within a range of 0.5 to 25 mass %, and a remainder composed of tungsten and unavoidable impurity. The chromium rich layer is larger in content of chromium than the base section. The element X contained in the base section is comprised of at least one of molybdenum, silicon, aluminum and lead.

Abstract: In a spark plug, a center electrode includes a base member and a discharge chip that has a higher melting point than the base member. The base member and the discharge chip are joined to each other by both a weld and a diffusion layer. The weld is formed, by fusion welding, along an outer periphery of an interface between the base member and the discharge chip into an annular shape. The weld is made up of those parts of the base member and the discharge chip which are molten and mixed together during the fusion welding and solidified after the fusion welding. The diffusion layer is formed radially inside the annular weld. The diffusion layer is made up of those parts of the base member and the discharge chip which are diffused into each other across the interface between the base member and the discharge chip.

Abstract: A straddle-type vehicle has reduced wiring and a mass of the vehicle as measured in top-to-bottom and front-to-rear directions with respect to the vehicle is concentrated while minimizing the effects of heat from the engine on an engine control unit and ignition coil. An air cleaner is located rearward of a head pipe. A fuel tank is located rearward of the air cleaner. A rear portion of the air cleaner is located above the engine. A front portion of the fuel tank is located above the engine. The engine control unit and the ignition coil are located above the engine and located between the air cleaner and the fuel tank. The ignition coil overlaps the engine control unit as viewed in a side view of the vehicle.

Abstract: By using a coating method, which is a method of manufacturing a transparent conductive film, with low-temperature heating lower than 300° C., a transparent conductive film with excellent transparency, conductivity, film strength, and resistance stability and a method of manufacturing this film are provided. In the method of manufacturing a transparent conductive film, a heat energy ray irradiating step is a step of irradiating with the energy rays while heating under an oxygen-containing atmosphere to a heating temperature lower than 300° C. to form the inorganic film, and the plasma processing step is a step of performing the plasma processing on the inorganic film under a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere at a substrate temperature lower than 300° C. to promote mineralization or crystallization of the film, thereby forming a conductive oxide fine-particle layer densely packed with conductive oxide fine particles having a metal oxide as a main component.

Abstract: A spark plug for an internal-combustion engine. The spark plug includes a central electrode, an insulator that holds the central electrode inside, a housing that holds the insulator inside, a ground electrode that forms a spark gap with the central electrode. The ground electrode includes a ground base member connected to the housing, and a ground protrusion protruding from a confronting face of the ground base member confronting the central electrode. The ground protrusion has a diameter of 0.9 to 1.4 mm. The spark plug is configured to satisfy ???53R+49, where R [mm] is a curvature radius of a base member corner and ?[degrees] is an angle formed by a shortest connecting line between the base member corner and a protrusion corner and a plane perpendicular to an axial direction of the ground protrusion.

Abstract: A spark plug for an internal-combustion engine. The spark plug includes a central electrode, an insulator that holds the central electrode inside, a housing that holds the insulator inside, a ground electrode that forms a spark gap with the central electrode. The ground electrode includes a ground base member connected to the housing, and a ground protrusion protruding from a confronting face of the ground base member confronting the central electrode. The ground protrusion has a diameter of 0.9 to 1.4 mm. The spark plug is configured to satisfy ???53 R+49, where R[mm] is a curvature radius of a base member corner and ?[degrees] is an angle formed by a shortest connecting line between the base member corner and a protrusion corner and a plane perpendicular to an axial direction of the ground protrusion.

Abstract: In a spark plug, a center electrode includes a base member and a discharge chip that has a higher melting point than the base member. The base member and the discharge chip are joined to each other by both a weld and a diffusion layer. The weld is formed, by fusion welding, along an outer periphery of an interface between the base member and the discharge chip into an annular shape. The weld is made up of those parts of the base member and the discharge chip which are molten and mixed together during the fusion welding and solidified after the fusion welding. The diffusion layer is formed radially inside the annular weld. The diffusion layer is made up of those parts of the base member and the discharge chip which are diffused into each other across the interface between the base member and the discharge chip.

Abstract: A straddle-type vehicle has reduced wiring and a mass of the vehicle as measured in top-to-bottom and front-to-rear directions with respect to the vehicle is concentrated while minimizing the effects of heat from the engine on an engine control unit and ignition coil. An air cleaner is located rearward of a head pipe. A fuel tank is located rearward of the air cleaner. A rear portion of the air cleaner is located above the engine. A front portion of the fuel tank is located above the engine. The engine control unit and the ignition coil are located above the engine and located between the air cleaner and the fuel tank. The ignition coil overlaps the engine control unit as viewed in a side view of the vehicle.

Abstract: A motorcycle includes an engine, a first main frame extending in top-to-bottom and front-to-rear directions with respect to the vehicle to support the engine, a first rear frame extending from the first main frame rearwardly with respect to the vehicle and connected with the first main frame in at least two locations, an exhaust pipe that discharges exhaust gases from the engine to the outside, and a silencer attached to a rear portion of the exhaust pipe, at least a portion of the silencer being located below the first rear frame. A rear portion of the silencer is connected with the first rear frame. At least one of a front portion of the silencer and the exhaust pipe is connected with the first main frame below the first rear frame.

Abstract: A straddle-type vehicle that possesses desirable properties associated with a front-to-rear direction with respect to the vehicle and a twisting direction includes a bracket including a first attachment portion, a second attachment portion and a coupling portion. The first attachment portion is attached to a down frame. The second attachment portion is attached to an engine and is located rearward of the first attachment portion. The coupling portion is located between the first and second attachment portions and couples the first attachment portion with the second attachment portion. The first and second attachment portions extend in the front-to-rear direction. The first attachment portion is offset relative to the second attachment portion in a vehicle width direction. In a plan view of the vehicle, the coupling portion is oriented in or substantially in a front-to-rear direction with respect to the vehicle and extends in a direction different from that of the first and second attachment portions.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a metal oxide film to be formed through the following processes: a coating process of forming a coating film on a substrate by using a coating liquid for forming metal oxide film containing any of various organometallic compounds; a drying process of making the coating film into a dried coating film; and a heating process of forming an inorganic film from the dried coating film under an oxygen-containing atmosphere having a dew-point temperature equal to or lower than ?10° C.

Abstract: A spark plug for use in an internal combustion engine has a center electrode, an earth electrode, and an electrode chip formed on at least one of the center electrode and the earth electrode. A spark discharge gap is formed between the center electrode and the earth electrode. The electrode chip has a base section, a chromium rich layer formed on at least a part of the base section, and a diffusion layer formed between the base section and the chromium rich layer. The base section contains chromium within a range of 5 to 45 mass %, an element X within a range of 0.5 to 25 mass %, and a remainder composed of tungsten and unavoidable impurity. The chromium rich layer is larger in content of chromium than the base section. The element X contained in the base section is comprised of at least one of molybdenum, silicon, aluminum and lead.

Abstract: A spark plug has a center electrode and an earth electrode. The center electrode is faced to the earth electrode so that a spark discharging gap is formed between the center electrode and the earth electrode. An electrode chip is formed on at least one of the center electrode and the earth electrode. The electrode chip has a composition comprised of 40 to 60 mol % of aluminum and iridium as a remainder thereof. In the composition of the electrode chip, it is possible to replace part of the iridium with 1 to 20 mol % of at least one metal selected from nickel, iron, cobalt, platinum and rhodium.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a metal oxide film to be formed through the following processes: a coating process of forming a coating film on a substrate by using a coating liquid for forming metal oxide film containing any of various organometallic compounds; a drying process of making the coating film into a dried coating film; and a heating process of forming an inorganic film from the dried coating film under an oxygen-containing atmosphere having a dew-point temperature equal to or lower than ?10° C.

Abstract: A compressed multilayered film for a flexible functional element includes a base film, a transparent conductive layer coated on one side of the base film, and a support layer with a low adhesion layer liner on an opposite side of the base film. The support layer is separable from the base film. The base film has a thickness of 3 to 25 ?m, and the transparent conductive layer is composed mainly of conductive oxide microparticles and a binder matrix. The multilayered film is compressed to increase the filling density of the conductive microparticles in the transparent conductive layer.

Abstract: By using a coating method, which is a method of manufacturing a transparent conductive film, with low-temperature heating lower than 300° C., a transparent conductive film with excellent transparency, conductivity, film strength, and resistance stability and a method of manufacturing this film are provided. In the method of manufacturing a transparent conductive film, a heat energy ray irradiating step is a step of irradiating with the energy rays while heating under an oxygen-containing atmosphere to a heating temperature lower than 300° C. to form the inorganic film, and the plasma processing step is a step of performing the plasma processing on the inorganic film under a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere at a substrate temperature lower than 300° C. to promote mineralization or crystallization of the film, thereby forming a conductive oxide fine-particle layer densely packed with conductive oxide fine particles having a metal oxide as a main component.