Abstract: The solid scintillator according to the present invention is expressed by the following formula (1): [Formula 1] (M1-x-yGdxCey)3J5O12??(1) (wherein M is at least one element of La and Tb; J is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, and In; and x and y are such that 0.5?x?1 and 0.000001?y?0.2). The transmittance of light having a wavelength of 550 nm measured at a thickness of 2 mm is equal to or greater than 40%. The solid scintillator according to the present invention can be manufactured at low cost, has a high light emitting power, and does not release Cd because Cd is not contained.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a solid scintillator having short afterglow and high output, and a radiation detector and a tomograph using the solid scintillator. A solid scintillator according to the present invention is a solid scintillator comprising a polycrystal containing a crystal of a Gd garnet structure oxide having a composition ratio represented by the following formula (1): [Formula 1] (M1-x-yGdxQy)3J5O12??(1) wherein M is at least one element of La and Tb, Q is at least one element of Ce and Pr, J is at least one element selected from Al, Ga, and In, x and y satisfy relations 0.5?x?1, and 0.000001?y?0.2, and further containing Si and fluorine, wherein the solid scintillator contains 1 ppm by mass to 1000 ppm by mass of the Si with respect to the Gd garnet structure oxide, and 1 ppm by mass to 100 ppm by mass of the fluorine with respect to the Gd garnet structure oxide.

Abstract: In a fuel injection device, a pressing surface of a pressing member presses an opening wall surface to interrupt communication between an inflow port and a pressure control chamber when communication between an outflow port and a return channel is made by a pressure control valve, and the pressing surface of the pressing member is displaced and separated from the opening wall surface to open the inflow port of the opening wall surface to the pressure control chamber when the communication between the outflow port and the return channel is interrupted by the pressure control valve. One of the pressing surface of the pressing member and the opening wall surface of the control body is provided with an inflow depressed portion and an outflow depressed portion partitioned from each other, and a depressed dimension of the inflow depressed portion is larger than a depressed dimension of the outflow depressed portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light emitting apparatus including a semiconductor light emitting element and a transparent ceramic phosphor for converting a wavelength of a light emitted from the semiconductor light emitting element, wherein the semiconductor light emitting element emits an ultraviolet light, and the ceramic phosphor corresponding to the semiconductor light emitting element has (i) a minimum transmission of 0.1 to 40% under a wavelength of 350-420 nm and (ii) a transmission of 10 to 90% under an emission peak wavelength of the ceramic phosphor.

Abstract: The solid scintillator according to the present invention is expressed by the following formula (1): [Formula 1] (M1-x-yGdxCey)3J5O12??(1) (wherein M is at least one element of La and Tb; J is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, and In; and x and y are such that 0.5?x?1 and 0.000001?y?0.2). The transmittance of light having a wavelength of 550 nm measured at a thickness of 2 mm is equal to or greater than 40%. The solid scintillator according to the present invention can be manufactured at low cost, has a high light emitting power, and does not release Cd because Cd is not contained.

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus 1 comprises: a semiconductor light emitting element 2; and a transparent ceramic phosphor 11 for converting a wavelength of a light emitted from the semiconductor light emitting element 2, wherein the semiconductor light emitting element 2 emits an ultraviolet light, and the ceramic phosphor 11 corresponding to the semiconductor light emitting element 2 has: a minimum transmission of 0.1 to 40% under a wavelength of 350-420 nm; and a transmission of 10 to 90% under an emission peak wavelength of the ceramic phosphor.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus that executes processing of a message transmitted among a plurality of sites connected via a network. The information processing apparatus includes a message reception part that receives a message to execute a prescribed piece of reception processing, a rule accumulation part for accumulating rules to execute message processing, a message conversion part for executing conversion processing of a message according to the rules accumulated in the rule accumulation part, and a message transmission part for executing a prescribed piece of transmission processing of the post-conversion message.

Abstract: An X-ray detector (5) comprises an X-ray-electric charge conversion film (21) for directly converting into charges an incident X-ray that has passed through a subject (2) and is received, and a charge information reading section (15) for detecting charges produced by the X-ray-electric charge conversion film (21) as image signals. The X-ray-electric charge conversion film (21) consists essentially of a rare-earth compound containing at least one of rare-earth element and at least one of element selected from oxygen, sulfur, selenium and tellurium. The X-ray-electric charge conversion film (21) does not adversely affect human bodies and environment, and is excellent in sensitivity, film-forming feature and the like. Accordingly, the X-ray detector (5) which is provided with the improved X-ray detection sensitivity, detection accuracy and the like with environmental loads and the like decreased can be provided.

Abstract: A ceramic scintillator comprises a sintered body of a lutetium oxysulfide phosphor containing at least one element selected from Pr, Tb and Eu as an activator. The sintered body of a lutetium oxysulfide phosphor contains 5 to 15 ppm of an alkali metal element and 5 to 40 ppm of phosphorus. Such a ceramic scintillator can sufficiently make use of the intrinsic characteristics of the lutetium oxysulfide phosphor and has good sensitivity in X-ray detection even when it is downsized.

Abstract: A ceramic scintillator comprises a sintered body of a lutetium oxysulfide phosphor containing at least one element selected from Pr, Tb and Eu as an activator. The sintered body of a lutetium oxysulfide phosphor contains 5 to 15 ppm of an alkali metal element and 5 to 40 ppm of phosphorus. Such a ceramic scintillator can sufficiently make use of the intrinsic characteristics of the lutetium oxysulfide phosphor and has good sensitivity in X-ray detection even when it is downsized.

Abstract: An X-ray detector (5) comprises an X-ray-electric charge conversion film (21) for directly converting into charges an incident X-ray that has passed through a subject (2) and is received, and a charge information reading section (15) for detecting charges produced by the X-ray-electric charge conversion film (21) as image signals. The X-ray-electric charge conversion film (21) consists essentially of a rare-earth compound containing at least one of rare-earth element and at least one of element selected from oxygen, sulfur, selenium and tellurium. The X-ray-electric charge conversion film (21) does not adversely affect human bodies and environment, and is excellent in sensitivity, film-forming feature and the like. Accordingly, the X-ray detector (5) which is provided with the improved X-ray detection sensitivity, detection accuracy and the like with environmental loads and the like decreased can be provided.

Abstract: An X-ray detector comprising a scintillation layer separated by a partition for each pixel and a photodiode for converting fluorescent light, which is converted by the sciltillation layer, into a signal charge, wherein when an average particle diameter of phosphor particles forming the scintillation layer is Ds and an average particle diameter forming the partition is Dw, Ds>Dw is satisfied.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus that executes processing of a message transmitted among a plurality of sites connected to one another via a network can be provided. The information processing apparatus comprises a message reception part that receives a message to thereby execute a prescribed piece of reception processing, a rule accumulation part for accumulating rules therein to execute message processing, a message conversion part for executing conversion processing of a message according to the rules accumulated in said rule accumulation part, and a message transmission part for executing a prescribed piece of transmission processing of the post-conversion message.

Abstract: A ceramic scintillator material consists of a sintered body of a rare earth oxysulfide phosphor containing Pr as an activator. The sintered body has a texture where coarse grains of irregular polyhedron and slender fine grains are intermixed. The coarse grains have a shape of for instance a dimension (average value) in the range of 50 to 100 &mgr;m, the fine grains having a shape of which average short axis is in the range of 2 to 5 &mgr;m and average long axis in the range of 5 to 100 &mgr;m. An area ratio of the coarse grains to the fine grains is in the range of 10:90 to 60:40. Such a ceramic scintillator material has, in addition to excellent light output (high sensitivity), mechanical strength capable of coping with downsizing of a detector. Furthermore, non-uniformity in sensitivity that causes artifacts can be decreased.

Abstract: A sintered body of a rare earth oxysulfide is heat-treated at a temperature of 900° C. to 1200° C. in an atmosphere of a mixture of sulfur and oxygen to form island-like rare earth oxide phases on the surface of the sintered body to produce a ceramic scintillator. Therefore, the ceramic scintillator comprises a sintered body of a rare earth oxysulfide, and a rare earth oxide phase formed on the surface of the sintered body, wherein a rare earth oxysulfide phase or the rare earth oxide phase is dispersed on the surface of the sintered body, so that the optical output characteristic of the ceramic scintillator is improved. According to this ceramic scintillator, it is possible to remove the pressure and distortion during sintering, the coloring caused by the deviation from the stoichiometric composition, and the coloring caused during processing such as saw-cutting and polishing.

Abstract: A radiation discriminative measurement is performed by using a radiation discriminative measuring apparatus which comprises a radiation source for radiating radiations, first, second and third scintillators disposed in a region which is irradiated with the radiations radiated from the radiation source, and an image pickup means to deal with the light beams emitted from the first, second and third scintillators and the discrimination measurement includes the steps of arranging the first, second and third scintillators in a region which is irradiated with the radiations radiated from the radiation source, causing the first scintillator to respond to type A, type B and type C radiations radiated from the radiation source and to emit alight beam in a first wavelength region, causing the second scintillator to respond to type B and type C radiations which pass through the first scintillator so as to to emit a light beam in a second wavelength region, and causing the third scintillator to respond to a type C radiat

Abstract: A fluorescent substance is comprised of a rare earth oxysulfide represented by the chemical formula, R.sub.2(1-x) Pr.sub.2x O.sub.2 S, wherein R stands for at least one member selected from the group consisting of Y, Gd, La, and Lu and x for a numerical value satisfying the expression, 5.times.10.sup.-5 .ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1.times.10.sup.-2, and has a linear absorption coefficient of not more than 6.0 cm.sup.-1 at 550 nm. And further fluorescent substance contains PO.sub.4 in an amount of not more than 100 ppm.