Abstract: A magnetic recording and playing back apparatus includes the following elements: (a) a loading controller for instructing a mechanism to pull a tape out of a cassette, (b) a reel controller for instructing a reel to apply a back tension when the tape is loaded, (c) an ID board detector for determining a kind of tape based on information from the ID board, and (d) another controller for changing the back tension to be applied to the tape by the reel controller responsive to the kind of tape determined by the ID board detector. This construction allows the apparatus to lower the back tension when a cleaning tape of which frictional coefficient is high is loaded. As a result, the apparatus can accommodate a cassette tape regardless of a tape characteristic.

Abstract: An automatic VLAN configuration information setting system comprising an automatic VLAN configuration information setting device and one or more switching hubs, for setting VLAN configuration information of the switching hubs, is proposed. When a terminal is added to or removed from an Ethernet port of a switching hub by the user, a VLAN alteration request section of the switching hub detects the event, and a VLAN alteration request is transmitted to the automatic VLAN configuration information setting device. In a database of the automatic VLAN configuration information setting device, VLAN detailed information concerning all the VLANs managed by the automatic VLAN configuration information setting device is stored. A VLAN configuration instruction text editing section of the automatic VLAN configuration information setting device edits a VLAN configuration instruction text (an instruction scenario) by referring to the VLAN alteration request and the VLAN detailed information.

Abstract: In the production of a metallic honeycomb body for use as a metallic carrier, for supporting a catalyst, in the purification of an exhaust gas from automobiles or the like, a desired joint site for each layer constituting the metallic honeycomb body is preset, and, when a portion of contact between a metallic corrugated foil and a metallic flat foil for forming the metallic honeycomb body has reached the joint site, a brazing foil which has been cut into a predetermined length is inserted and enfolded in the contact portion.

Abstract: A first carrier signal generator (15) generates a carrier signal (S1) at a first frequency to modulate a preset identification code (S). A second carrier signal generator (16) generates a carrier signal (S2) at a second frequency, distinct from the first frequency. A modulator (14) affixes the identification code (S) to the carrier signal (S2), and outputs the carrier signal (S2) to a light-emitting circuit (17). When a "smart" or "learning" remote controller, of the type that demodulates frequency, receives the identification code (S), the carrier signal (Sw) of the second frequency is demodulated at the first frequency, compressed and stored in memory. The carrier signal (S2) set at the second frequency can cause the memory capacity of the remote controller to overflow, thereby preventing the identification code (S) from being stored in the learning remote controller.

Abstract: A harmonic wave generating element of a discrete structure for reducing loss of light caused by scattering and improving efficiency of conversion has a polarization-inverted portion and a non-inverted portion periodically formed in a non-linear optical material to perform quasi phase matching between incident light and an n-th harmonic wave and to form a discrete optical waveguide structure, in which the boundary between the polarization-inverted portion and the non-inverted portion has a generally curved surface. And a waveguide structure is formed in the non-linear optical material and provides a mechanism for generating n-th harmonic wave and a lens-like focusing mechanism for facilitating the optical coupling of light at an end surface of incidence.

Abstract: An optical waveguide second harmonic generating element comprises a KTP single-crystal substrate sliced at a z-plane, a plurality of polarization reversal areas having spontaneous polarization, whose direction is reversed, and formed periodically along a predetermined direction on the z-plane of the substrate, and a channel waveguide, extending along the predetermined direction across polarization reversal areas, for propagating a light.