Abstract: Closed-loop air-fuel ratio control performed by detecting the concentration of a predetermined component in the exhaust gas, by calculating an air-fuel ratio correction factor depending upon the detected concentration, and by correcting the fuel amount in accordance with the air-fuel ratio correction factor even when the engine is warming up. This closed-loop air-fuel ratio control operation is stopped by fixing the air-fuel ratio correction factor to a predetermined value when the engine is under acceleration during warm-up.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member constituted of an electroconductive supporting substrate and a photoconductive layer provided on said substrate, said photoconductive layer being composed primarily of a microcrystalline silicon or a layered product of a microcrystalline silicon and an amorphous silicon.

Abstract: A method for controlling the fuel injection in an internal combustion engine using an upper limit of the pulse width of the fuel injection signal established on the basis of the limit intake air amount and the limit intake air amount per rotation multiplied by a predetermined constant. The fuel injection is carried out by the signal having the pulse width within the upper limit so that an over-rich air-fuel mixture is prevented.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for controlling fuel injection in an internal-combustion engine, crankshaft angle signals and cylinder discrimination signals are produced by a crankshaft angle sensor, and the signal for execution of the first injection of fuel is calculated in a control circuit on the basis of the crankshaft angle signals and the cylinder discrimination signals so that the first explosion of the air-fuel mixture takes place within one rotation of the crankshaft of the engine.

Abstract: A system for controlling the air-fuel ratio of an internal combustion engine includes a transient fuel amount increasing device for regulating the supply fuel amount in the transient state of the engine on the basis of the detection of the transient state of the engine, an air-fuel ratio deviation detecting device for detecting the air-fuel ratio deviation from the optimum air-fuel ratio, and a transient fuel increase amount correcting device for correcting the fuel increase amount in the transient state of the engine in accordance with the air-fuel ratio deviation detected by the air-fuel ratio deviation detecting device. The air-fuel deviation from the optimum air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture upon deposition of a deposit on the back surface of the intake valve is prevented, and the drivability of an automobile is improved.

Abstract: A vane-type compressor of the lubrication type in which pressure applied to vane bottoms is controlled to prevent vane breakage and excessive wear. A rotor is disposed between a rotor housing and a pair of side housings with vanes slidingly disposed within corresponding vane grooves radially formed in the rotor. Intake fluid pressure is applied to spaced defined between each of the grooves and the bottom of the corresponding vanes during suction strokes through a first arcuate groove. A second arcuate groove is formed in an inner surface of the side housings at a position corresponding to the spaces during compression strokes. A pressure discharge passage connected to the arcuate groove and an outlet port is provided and a check valve is provided in the pressure discharge passage.

Abstract: In an internal-combustion engine disposed in a vehicle, when the engine is in an idle state and the vehicle speed is not equal to zero and is less than a predetermined value, the air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that the air-fuel mixture is on the lean side of the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. In addition, even after the vehicle speed becomes zero, the air-fuel ratio is controlled so that the air-fuel mixture is on the lean side for a predetermined time period.

Abstract: During starting of an engine, enrichment correction according to engine starting enrichment is executed. After starting of the engine, enrichment correction is transferred gradually with the lapse of time from starting enrichment to normal warm-up enrichment. The transfer speed from starting enrichment to normal warm-up enrichment is changed depending upon whether a throttle valve is in an idle position or not.

Abstract: In the control of fuel injection in an internal-combustion engine, whether or not the rate of change of the engine rotational speed exceeds the selected limit of the rate of change of the engine rotational speed, determined by the ratio of the engine rotational speed to the automobile speed and the ratio of the intake air amount to the engine rotational speed, is checked. The value of the engine rotational speed used in the control of the fuel injection pulse width and the ignition timing is restricted to within the selected limit of the rate of change of the engine rotational speed.

Abstract: A crystal of an enantiomer pair of stereoisomers of .alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)isovalerate (general name: fenvalerate) comprising (S)-.alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)isovalerate and an enantiomer thereof, which has the crystal characteristics as specified in the specification, is disclosed. A process for preparing the enantiomer pair or the fenvalerate rich in the enantiomer pair by depositing the above-described crystal from a solution of a racemate of fenvalerate is also disclosed. A process for preparing the enantiomer pair by depositing the crystal from a solution of the fenvalerate rich in the enantiomer pair is further disclosed.

Abstract: A high-frequency heating device comprises a rotating disk including a base plate made of a material having low dielectric loss and arranged above in a heating chamber to rotate around its center axis, and a plurality of high-frequency screening pieces of a fan shape each arranged above the base plate through projections and defining an exciting opening therebetween which has plural portions extending radially from the center axis to the outer circumference of the base plate. The rotating disk is driven by a motor whereby high-frequency energy generated by a magnetron is introduced into the heating chamber through a wave-guide and the exciting opening.

Abstract: A high-frequency heating device comprises a rotating disk including a base plate made of a material having low dielectric loss and arranged above in a heating chamber to rotate around its center axis, and a plurality of high-frequency screening pieces each arranged on the base plate and defining an exciting opening therebetween which has plural portions extending radially from the center axis to the outer circumference of the base plate. The rotating disk is driven by a motor or a part of air flow for cooling a magnetron whereby high frequency energy generated by a magnetron is introduced into the heating chamber through a waveguide and the exciting opening.

Abstract: A method for preparing an optically active carboxylic acid ester of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X is a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and * indicates an asymmetric carbon atom, which is an A.alpha.-isomer having an (S)-configuration on both the acid and alcohol moieties, or rich in said A.alpha.-isomer, which method comprises crystallizing said A.alpha.-isomer from a solution of an A-isomer of the formula (I) having an (S)-configuration on the acid moiety in the presence of a crystal that is of substantially pure A.alpha.-isomer and in the presence or absence of a basic catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for removing sulfur dioxide from a combustion exhaust gas, wherein sulfur dioxide contained in the combustion exhaust gas is absorbed into an aqueous absorbent containing carboxylate salts and after oxidizing the thus formed sulfite and hydrogen sulfite into sulfate, the sulfate is converted into gypsum and separated, the invention particularly concerning a method for suppressing the decomposition of the carboxylate salts at the same time oxidizing the sulfite and hydrogen sulfite.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for assaying an iron-exposed portion of a coated steel plate or a processed product thereof, which comprises bringing a surface, to be measured, of the coated steel plate or processed product thereof, a reference electrode and a counter electrode into contact with a buffer solution having a pH value of from 9.0 to 11.0, effecting in this state electrolysis between the counter electrode and the coated steel plate or processed product thereof under such conditions that the voltage of the coated steel plate or processed product thereof to the reference electrode is 0.8 to 1.5 volts as calculated as a saturated calomel electrode, and evaluating the iron-exposed portion by measuring an electric current flowing between the counter electrode and the coated steel plate or processed product thereof or by observing precipitation and deposition of an oxide or hydrated oxide of iron.

Abstract: A water-dispersed coating composition comprising (1) a dispersion of a water-dispersible form of an acrylic graft polymer containing carboxyl groups and hydroxyl and/or amide groups in an aqueous medium containing 60 to 90% by weight of water, and (2) an amino resin. The water-dispersible form of this polymer is obtained by neutralizing at least 50% of the carboxyl groups of the polymer with a basic substance. Prior to neutralization, the polymer has an acid value of 15 to 40 and a glass transition temperature of -10.degree. C. to 70.degree. C., and is produced by polymerizing (A) an acrylic copolymer and (B) a mixture of an alpha,beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and another copolymerizable unsaturated monomer. The copolymer (A) and the mixture (B) is selected so that either one of them has hydroxyl and/or amide groups and the difference between the acid value of the copolymer (A) and that of the mixture (B) is from 25 to 200.

Abstract: A method for preparing (1R,cis)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid useful as an acid part of practically effective insecticidal esters, which comprises reacting 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid containing 70% or more of the cis-form with an equimolar or less amount of (+)-1-phenyl-2-(p-tolyl)ethylamine, allowing a diastereomer salt to precipitate from a solvent, then, if necessary, purifying said salt, and decomposing said salt with a base or an acid to yield (1R,cis)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A method for preparing an optically active .alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(4-substituted-phenyl)-isovalerate, which consists substantially of or is rich in (S)-.alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (S)-2-(4-substituted-phenyl)isovalerate.

Abstract: A process for isomerizing optically active .alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)isovalerate at the asymmetric carbon atom of the 3-phenoxybenzyl moiety, and a process for obtaining (S)-.alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)isovalerate from (R, S)-.alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)isovalerate.

Abstract: A method for preparing .alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(4-substituted-phenyl)isovalerates which consist substantially of or are rich in the enantiomer pair (S)-.alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (S)-2-(4-substituted-phenyl)isovalerate and (R)-.alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (R)-2-(4-substituted-phenyl)isovalerate.