Abstract: Latch-up of each of parasitic thyristors (T1-T4), which occurs when a circuit element (B1 ) is formed on a semiconductor substrate in which an IGBT (Z1) has been formed, is prevented by a circuit for preventing the latchup using Schottky barrier diodes (D2, D3) formed on the semiconductor substrate. Each of the Schottky barrier diodes (D2, D3), which is composed of a junction between a diffused layer used for forming the circuit element and a metal wiring layer, is used in the circuit for preventing the latch-up action of each of the parasitic thyristors (T1-T4). Thereby, the area of the semiconductor device can be made smaller while the semiconductor device can have a higher protection effect.

Abstract: An object is to reduce the offset voltage between the input and output in a wide range of output current with a simple circuit configuration. Transistors (Q1), (Q2) and (Q3) have a size ratio of m:n:1, transistors (Q6) and (Q7) have a size ratio of 1:p, and transistors (Q4) and (Q5) have a size ratio of {(m+n+1)/p:}). Accordingly a current which is (m+n+1) times the current flowing in the transistor (Q3) is supplied to the emitter electrodes of the transistors (Q1) and (Q2). Since the ratio between the currents flowing in the transistors (Q1) and (Q2) is the same as their size ratio m:n, the emitter-base voltages are equal between the transistors (Q1) and (Q2). As a result, the offset voltage between the voltage signal inputted to the input signal line (IN) and the voltage signal outputted from the output signal line (OUT) can be suppressed in a wide range of output current.

Abstract: An inexpensive semiconductor device in which an insulated gate bipolar transistor and a terminal, capable of drawing out a limited current or voltage from a collector of the insulated gate bipolar transistor, are mounted on a semiconductor substrate, and a semiconductor circuit using the same. The semiconductor device comprising an insulated gate bipolar transistor having a gate formed through a gate insulator on an n-type semiconductor layer formed on a p-type semiconductor substrate, and a thyristor, the thyrister comprising a p-type region where a p-type impurity diffuses over a part of the n-type semiconductor layer, an n-type region where an n-type impurity diffuses over a part of the p-type region, an emitter electrode formed contiguously to the n-type region, a base electrode formed contiguously to the p-type region, and a collector electrode which is used in common with the insulated gate bipolar transistor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a power semiconductor device comprising a semiconductor substrate; a voltage-controlled transistor comprising a first electrode formed on the lower surface of the semiconductor substrate, a gate formed on the semiconductor substrate with a gate oxide interpolated in between and a second electrode formed on the semiconductor substrate; and a zener diode formed on the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate so as to be connected between the gate and the second electrode; wherein p-type regions and n-type regions alternately formed between the zener diode and the second electrode on the semiconductor substrate, a plurality of pad electrodes on the semiconductor substrate provided with the alternate p-type regions and n-type regions so as to allow one or not less than two diodes are series connected between the zener diode and the second electrode, and the distance between the adjacent pad electrodes is set so that when the diode is subjected to a current not less than a predet

Abstract: A voltage divider circuit is connected between the output terminals of a constant-voltage power supply outputting a constant voltage. A constant-current source varies linearly, relative to temperature, the current level flowing to or from the voltage divider junction of the voltage divider circuit. The constant-current source comprises a first transistor and a second transistor connected to a current mirror circuit, and a resistor connected between the ground and the emitter of the second transistor. The base of the current extracting transistor is connected to the bases of the first transistor and the second transistor, and the collector and emitter are connected between the respective voltage divider junction and ground to obtain a current from the voltage divider junction. A current proportional to temperatures and inversely proportional to the value of the resistor can thereby be obtained from the voltage divider junction.

Abstract: To devise a mercury lamp of the short arc type with high power in which an arc tube can be kept unfouled over a long time and the demand for an increase in the amount of radiation can be met, in a quartz arc tube, a cathode and an anode are disposed opposite one another and the arc tube is filled with mercury and a rare gas. At least argon (Ar) and/or krypton (Kr) in an amount from 1.0 to 8 atm at room temperature is added as the rare gas. The amount depends on the value of ((Wd).sup.1/2 /R) where R is half the maximum diameter of the bulb in cm, d is the thickness of the bulb in cm, and W the input power supplied to the lamp in kW.

Abstract: An ion current detection apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a voltage limiting device for limiting an amount of counterelectromotive force of a primary coil of ignition coil applied to switching elements, a capacitor for applying an ion current detection voltage to a spark plug, and an ion current detection circuit for detecting an ion current wherein the capacitor is connected to the voltage limiting device.

Abstract: An ion current detection device of an internal combustion engine includes a detection voltage generation device which applies a voltage to an ignition plug to generate an ion current in a cylinder of the engine. A current to voltage conversion circuit detects and converts the generated ion current to a voltage signal. A bandpass filter extracts an ac component within a specified frequency range from the voltage signal produced by the current to voltage conversion circuit. An ion current threshold detection portion produces an ion current detection signal when the detected ion current exceeds a predetermined threshold current. A filter characteristic control circuit controls the characteristic of the bandpass filter to suppress the sensitivity of the filter for a predetermined period of time right after the ion current detection signal is detected and, after the predetermined period of time, increase the sensitivity of the filter for detection of the ac signal with the specific frequency.

Abstract: A mercury lamp of the short arc type with a high degree of maintenance of irradiance is achieved in a mercury lamp of the short arc type by the cathode containing thorium oxide and having a tungsten carbide layer on its surface except at tip end area, by at least one of the cathode or anode being provided with metallic tantalum, and by the condition 1.56.ltoreq.VT/SC being satisfied, where SC is the area of the tungsten carbide layer (cm.sup.2) and VT is the volume of the metallic tantalum (mm.sup.3). Alternatively, a high degree of maintenance of irradiance can be achieved in a mercury lamp of the short arc type by the condition 0.043.ltoreq.VT/VW being satisfied, where VW is the volume of the anode (cm.sup.3) and VT is the volume of the tantalum in the lamp bulb (mm.sup.3).

Abstract: A mercury lamp of the short arc type with high radiant efficiency which satisfies the demand for an increase of the radiation amount of the light source, by suppressing the motion of the bright spot in the vicinity of the cathode tip suppresses the flickering of the irradiance and thus increases the arc stability, is achieved in a mercury lamp of the short arc type in which within an arc tube mercury and at least one rare gas are encapsulated, by either at least Ar being filled as the rare gas at an filling pressure of from 1 to 8 atm, and by the current density in the tip area of the cathode being 10 to 250 A/mm.sup.2 or alternatively, at least Kr being filled as the rare gas at an filling pressure of from 1 to 8 atm, and the current density in the tip area of the cathode being 10 to 310 A/mm.sup.2 during operation of the lamp.

Abstract: When an order for photographic processing is placed from the customer, an operator, first, operates a keyboard to input the type of photographic processing ordered by the customer. Then, the operator causes a card reader to read customer identification information recorded on a card, and causes a bar code reader to read a bar code recorded on a cartridge and representing film information, and further, causes a film-data reading device to read film information magnetically recorded on the film. Further, when an order for extra prints is placed from the customer, the operator loads a print order slip on which information for extra prints is recorded, into a loading portion so that the information recorded on the print order slip is read by a mark-sheet reader. As a result, the information required for issuing order forms is obtained, and three sheets of order form for a customer, laboratory, and photo processing shop, are issued by a printer.

Abstract: The inductance-change detection apparatus comprises an inductance-change converter that converts inductance-change in coils into voltage to output, a reference-voltage generator that generates and outputs a predetermined reference voltage, a frequency characteristic adder that adds a frequency characteristic similar to that of the converted voltage converted by the inductance-change converter to the reference voltage, a reference-voltage compensator that varies and compensates the frequency spectrum of the reference voltage containing the added frequency characteristic, in parallel in the direction of amplitude, corresponding to a parallel variation of the frequency spectrum of the converted voltage in the direction of amplitude, and an inductance-change detector that compares the converted voltage with the compensated reference voltage to detect inductance changes in the coils.

Abstract: A hybrid integrated circuit comprises a circuit substrate including an insulation substrate with various devices mounted thereon and with a patterned wiring having at least one selected electrode formed along one side of the insulation substrate and a metal conductor member including a plate portion with a pair of L-shaped clips, formed along one side thereof corresponding to the one side of the circuit substrate, for holding the circuit substrate inserted into the clips which are formed at places corresponding to the selected electrode of the circuit substrate so that the clips and the selected electrode make electrical contact when the circuit substrate is inserted into the clips.

Abstract: A bipolar semiconductor integrated circuit has a pnp transistor through which a DC power is supplied from an external DC power to various elements of the bipolar IC and a constant current circuit for turning the pnp transistor on and regulating the base current of the pnp transistor to a constant level causing operation in the saturation range of the pnp transistor.

Abstract: An ion current detection apparatus for detecting an ion current caused by combustion in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine comprises an ion current detection circuit for detecting the ion current, a gain adjustment circuit for controlling to keep the magnitude of low frequency components of the detected ion current at a constant value, an amplifier for amplifying high frequency components of the detected ion current and outputting a high frequency component detection signal, a magnitude detection circuit for detecting the magnitude of the detected ion current to output an ion current detection signal when the detected magnitude is larger than a predetermined value, and a comparator for comparing the high frequency component detection signal with the ion current detection signal delayed by a delay circuit to output a knocking detection signal.

Abstract: A cadmium discharge lamp which can emit line spectra with wavelengths of 214.+-.2 nm with high power is achieved by encapsulating metallic cadmium, in an amount producing a pressure in stationary lighting operation in the range from 2 kPa to 13.7 kPa, together with at least one of the rare gases xenon, krypton, argon and neon, in a temperature-controlled arc tube which is provided with electrodes located adjacently opposite one another, and by operating the lamp such that J/P is in the range from 1.4 to 75, where J is the discharge current in stationary lighting operation in amperes and the P is the cadmium pressure in stationary lighting operation.

Abstract: A counting circuit including destructive memory elements detection circuits for detecting whether the memory elements are broken, and control circuits for controlling the supply of a break current to the memory elements in a plurality of stages. A current feed circuit supplies the break current for breaking the memory elements in the counting circuit every time a to-be-counted write pulse is input. The control circuit in each stage of the counting circuit supplies the break current from the current feed circuit to the memory element of the stage based on a detection result of the detection circuit only when the memory element of the stage is unbroken while the memory element of a stage preceding the memory element is broken. The control circuit of the first stage supplies the break current to the memory element of the first stage when the memory element of the first stage is unbroken.

Abstract: To correctly sense combusting conditions of an internal combustion engine, an ion current caused by combustion is detected.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine misfire sensing circuit comprises an ion current sensing circuit for sensing an ion current in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, a current/voltage conversion circuit for converting the sensed ion current into a voltage and a waveform shaping circuit for shaping the waveform of an output of the current/voltage conversion circuit. The waveform shaping circuit includes a second comparator for comparing a voltage of a third capacitor with first and second reference voltages for outputting a misfire sensing signal and a capacitor charging/discharging circuit for charging the third capacitor in response to the rising up of an output of the current/voltage conversion circuit and discharging the third capacitor based on the input of the misfire sensing signal. With this arrangement a misfire can be sensed even in an internal combustion engine having multiple cylinders, the number of parts can be reduced as well as the area of circuits can be reduced.

Abstract: An emission device which operates a cadmium lamp with a light intensity sufficient for used in industrial applications is achieved by an emission device having a cadmium lamp with a fluorescent tube within which a cathode and an anode are space a small distance apart and a buffer gas for easier initiation of luminous operation and metallic cadmium in an amount per unit volume of the fluorescent tube of 1.times.10.sup.-4 g/cm.sup.3 to 3.times.10.sup.-3 g/cm.sup.3 are encapsulated, and a power source device for supplying an electrical input between the cathode and the anode in an electrical input range from 0.5 kW to 5.0 kW with the condition:6.03+2.79 W.ltoreq.r.ltoreq.40being satisfied, where the electrical input of the power source device into the cadmium lamp in steady-state luminous operation is W (kW) and the maximum inside radius of the fluorescent tube is r (mm).