Abstract: A polishing endpoint detecting method capable of accurately detecting a polishing endpoint of a substrate is disclosed. The polishing endpoint detecting method includes: polishing a substrate W; creating a film-thickness profile of the substrate by used of a film-thickness sensor 7 mounted to a polishing table 2; dividing the film-thickness profile into a plurality of measurement zones and selecting a monitoring zone from the plurality of measurement zones for determining a polishing endpoint of the substrate; determining whether or not the monitoring zone is changed to another measurement zone based on changes in the film-thickness profile obtained from start to end of polishing of the substrate; and determining a polishing endpoint of the substrate based on the signals in the monitoring zone.

Abstract: The frozen gyoza dumplings with a support, containing a plurality of frozen gyoza dumplings connected by a wing-forming frozen composition, and a support in contact with a connecting surface thereof, wherein the support has a shape permitting the frozen gyoza dumplings in a connected state to slide thereon, or is deformed so as to permit sliding, make it possible to arrange gyoza dumplings all at once on a cooking utensil such as a frying pan by sliding them on the support without touching the gyoza dumplings with a hand.

Abstract: A charged particle beam device includes: a charged particle source; an optical system which acts on a charged particle beam emitted from the charged particle source; a control unit which controls the optical system; and a storage unit which stores previous setting values of the optical system. The optical system includes a first optical element and a second optical element for controlling a state of the charged particle beam to be incident on the first optical element. The control unit obtains an initial value of a setting value of the second optical element based on previous setting values of the second optical element; and changes a state of the charged particle beam by changing the setting value of the second optical element from the obtained initial value and obtains the setting value of the second optical element based on the change in the state of the charged particle beam.

Abstract: A charged particle beam device includes: a charged particle source; an optical system which acts on a charged particle beam emitted from the charged particle source; a control unit which controls the optical system; and a storage unit which stores previous setting values of the optical system. The optical system includes a first optical element and a second optical element for controlling a state of the charged particle beam to be incident on the first optical element. The control unit obtains an initial value of a setting value of the second optical element based on previous setting values of the second optical element; and changes a state of the charged particle beam by changing the setting value of the second optical element from the obtained initial value and obtains the setting value of the second optical element based on the change in the state of the charged particle beam.

Abstract: An electron microscope comprises: an electron microscope main body including a phase plate that imparts a phase change to an electron wave, a moving mechanism that moves the phase plate, and a detector that acquires an image formed by an electron beam transmitted through a sample; and a control unit that controls the electron microscope main body. The control unit performs a phase plate image acquisition process of acquiring a phase plate image which is an image of the phase plate; an unevenness determination process of determining whether or not the phase plate has unevenness based on the phase plate image; and a moving mechanism control process of moving the phase plate by controlling the moving mechanism when the control unit has determined that the unevenness is present.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus receives operational information indicating a content of each of user operations sequentially performed to generate or edit an object using any of guest tools; for each operational information, determine one of the guest tools that a user has used to perform the user operation indicated by the operational information; in response to receiving each operational information, register processing information including the operational information in one of a plurality of processing lists for the determined guest tool; in response to receiving each operational information, point with a pointer the processing information including the currently received operational information; and display a display image including the object, generated by sequentially performing editing according to the first-registered processing information to the currently-received processing information registered in each of the processing lists for the plurality of guest tools.

Abstract: An electron microscope comprises: an electron microscope main body including a phase plate that imparts a phase change to an electron wave, a moving mechanism that moves the phase plate, and a detector that acquires an image formed by an electron beam transmitted through a sample; and a control unit that controls the electron microscope main body. The control unit performs a phase plate image acquisition process of acquiring a phase plate image which is an image of the phase plate; an unevenness determination process of determining whether or not the phase plate has unevenness based on the phase plate image; and a moving mechanism control process of moving the phase plate by controlling the moving mechanism when the control unit has determined that the unevenness is present.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for isomerizing a cyclohexanediamine, which simply and highly actively realizes an isomerization reaction of a cyclohexanediamine, without passing through a high-pressure reaction and a complicated multi-stage process. The isomerization method has an isomerization step of isomerizing a cyclohexanediamine in the presence of a compound represented by the following formula (1) and at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkali metal-containing compound, an alkaline earth metal or an alkaline earth metal-containing compound.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are provided, each of which: displays, on a display, a plurality of windows for a user to perform inputting for an application; receives selection of a first window to be set to an active state out of the plurality of displayed windows, the active state being capable of receiving user's operation; reads a function related to image editing, the function having been enabled in a second window of the plurality of displayed windows different than the first window, which has been in an active state immediately before receiving selection of the first window; and changes a display of the first window to an active state with the read function enabled in the first window.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to simply and highly actively realize an isomerization reaction of an industrially important compound, diaminodicyclohexylmethane, without passing through a complicated multi-stage process.

Abstract: An isomerization reaction of a predetermined compound, without passing through a high pressure reaction and a complicated multi-stage process. The isomerization method includes isomerizing, 1,3,3-trimethyl-1-(aminomethyl)aminocyclohexane in the presence of a compound represented by formula (1) and at least one compound selected from no alkali metal, an alkali metal-containing compound, an alkaline earth metal and an alkaline earth metal-containing compound: where R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group selected from a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group and an acyl group, R1 and R2 may mutually bind to form a ring, R3 represents a hydrogen atom and an n-valent group selected from a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, and n represents as integer of 1 to 10.

Abstract: A method for isomerizing a bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, including isomerizing a bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane while introducing an inert gas in a reaction solution containing a bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkali metal-containing compound, an alkaline earth metal and an alkaline earth metal-containing compound, and a benzylamine compound.

Abstract: A fiber reinforced composite material having high interlaminar toughness and compressive strength under wet heat conditions, as well as an epoxy resin composition for production thereof and a prepreg producible from the epoxy resin composition is described. The prepreg includes at least constituents [A], [B], and [C] as specified below and reinforcement fiber, wherein 90% or more of constituent [C] exists in the depth range accounting for 20% of the prepreg thickness from the prepreg surface: [A] epoxy resin; [B] epoxy resin curing agent; and [C] polymer particles insoluble in epoxy resin.

Abstract: There is provided a beam alignment method capable of easily aligning an electron beam with a coma-free axis in an electron microscope. The method starts with tilting the electron beam (EB) in a first direction (+X) relative to a reference axis (A) and obtaining a first TEM (transmission electron microscope) image. Then, the beam is tilted in a second direction (?X) relative to the reference axis, the second direction (?X) being on the opposite side of the reference axis (A) from the first direction (+X), and a second TEM image is obtained. The reference axis is incrementally varied so as to reduce the brightness of the differential image between a power spectrum of the first TEM image and a power spectrum of the second TEM image.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to simply and highly actively realize an isomerization reaction of an industrially important compound, diaminodicyclohexylmethane, without passing through a complicated multi-stage process.

Abstract: A method for isomerizing a bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, including isomerizing a bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane while introducing an inert gas in a reaction solution containing a bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkali metal-containing compound, an alkaline earth metal and an alkaline earth metal-containing compound, and a benzylamine compound.

Abstract: An isomerization reaction of a predetermined compound, without passing through a high pressure reaction and a complicated multi-stage process. The isomerization method includes isomerizing, 1,3,3-trimethyl-1-(aminomethyl)aminocyclohexane in the presence of a compound represented by formula (1) and at least one compound selected from no alkali metal, an alkali metal-containing compound, an alkaline earth metal and an alkaline earth metal-containing compound: where R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group selected from a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group and an acyl group, R1 and R2 may mutually bind to form a ring, R3 represents a hydrogen atom and an n-valent group selected from a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, and n represents as integer of 1 to 10.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for isomerizing a cyclohexanediamine, which simply and highly actively realizes an isomerization reaction of a cyclohexanediamine, without passing through a high-pressure reaction and a complicated multi-stage process. The isomerization method has an isomerization step of isomerizing a cyclohexanediamine in the presence of a compound represented by the following formula (1) and at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkali metal-containing compound, an alkaline earth metal or an alkaline earth metal-containing compound.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are provided, each of which: displays, on a display, a plurality of windows for a user to perform inputting for an application; receives selection of a first window to be set to an active state out of the plurality of displayed windows, the active state being capable of receiving user's operation; reads a function related to image editing, the function having been enabled in a second window of the plurality of displayed windows different than the first window, which has been in an active state immediately before receiving selection of the first window; and changes a display of the first window to an active state with the read function enabled in the first window.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus receives operational information indicating a content of each of user operations sequentially performed to generate or edit an object using any of guest tools; for each operational information, determine one of the guest tools that a user has used to perform the user operation indicated by the operational information; in response to receiving each operational information, register processing information including the operational information in one of a plurality of processing lists for the determined guest tool; in response to receiving each operational information, point with a pointer the processing information including the currently received operational information; and display a display image including the object, generated by sequentially performing editing according to the first-registered processing information to the currently-received processing information registered in each of the processing lists for the plurality of guest tools.