Abstract: The present invention is directed to a lens diaphragm device that can avoid a degradation of an image due to both diffraction of a light beam and flares. The diaphragm device includes two diaphragm vanes (2 and 4) that respectively have notches (28 and 36) opposed to each other in a single plane perpendicular to an optical axis (O), and two of the vanes are moved close to and apart from each other in the single plane so as to vary an aperture of the lens diaphragm. The lens diaphragm device also includes two optical filters (6 and 8) used to reduce a quantity of a beam of light passing through the diaphragm, and an aperture of the diaphragm defined by edges of the optical filters and the notches of the vanes is shaped to be asymmetrical about straight line which crosses the optical axis and is perpendicular to directions of the motion of the vanes.

Abstract: Bit lines and a pair of two tungsten wires having the same widths are formed at a portion where a through-hole is to be formed such that the bit lines and the tungsten wires are arranged at regular intervals. A through-hole for connection to another wiring layer is formed between the tungsten wires. A connection wiring made of tungsten is formed over the through-hole so as to have a predetermined margin around the through-hole. In a photolithography process, a slit having a small width enough to be insensitive to a photo-resist is formed so as to span the through-hole.

Abstract: There is provided a stop apparatus which does not cause the reduction of resolving power and does not cause unevenness of amount of light in an imaging plane even when it is an object of very high intensity. The stop apparatus of the present invention comprises an upper blade 210, a first ND filter 216 mounted on an aperture of the upper blade 210, a lower blade 220, a second ND filter 226 mounted on an aperture of the lower blade 220, a stop unit plate 230 movably supporting the upper and lower blades 210 and 220, and a galvanometer 240 for linearly driving the upper blade 210 in a first direction and for linearly driving the lower blade 220 in a second direction opposite to the first direction. The ray transmittance of the first ND filter 216 is different from that of the second ND filter 226 so as to prevent reduction of the contrast of object with reference to other object situated at a distance different from the object distance of the focused object.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a lens diaphragm device that can avoid a degradation of an image due to both diffraction of a light beam and flares. The diaphragm device includes two diaphragm vanes (2 and 4) that respectively have notches (28 and 36) opposed to each other in a single plane perpendicular to an optical axis (O), and two of the vanes are moved close to and apart from each other in the single plane so as to vary an aperture of the lens diaphragm. The lens diaphragm device also includes two optical filters (6 and 8) used to reduce a quantity of a beam of light passing through the diaphragm, and an aperture of the diaphragm defined by edges of the optical filters and the notches of the vanes is shaped to be asymmetrical about straight line which crosses the optical axis and is perpendicular to directions of the motion of the vanes.

Abstract: A method for producing a composition for vapor deposition comprising sintering a vapor source mixture prepared by mixing vapor sources that contain titanium dioxide and niobium pentoxide. The method is capable of forming a high-refraction layer even in low-temperature vapor deposition on a substrate. An antireflection film is formed having good scratch resistance, good chemical resistance and good heat resistance, of which the heat resistance decreases little with time, that is useful in a variety of optical elements.

Abstract: When a server receives an information designating image from a communication terminal connected to a server through a network, it sends a URL identifying the storage location of the image to the communication terminal. When the communication terminal receives the URL, it loads the URL into an email and transmits the email to another communication terminal. When the communication terminal that received this email finds out that the URL integrated in the email identifies the storage location of the image, it downloads the image from the server and displays it along with the email by using the URL.

Abstract: In accordance with the registration contents of Divided Mail Table DMT, control unit 12a determines whether to handle each mail section as one electronic mail or to handle all the interrelated mail sections as one compiled electronic mail and executes a processing in accordance with the determination, when the mail sections are deleted, returned or transferred, after the mail sections are received by a portable phone and stored in Mail Memory MM.

Abstract: A method for producing a composition for vapor deposition comprising sintering a vapor source mixture prepared by mixing vapor sources that contain titanium dioxide and niobium pentoxide. The method is capable of forming a high-refraction layer even in low-temperature vapor deposition on a substrate. An antireflection film is formed having good scratch resistance, good chemical resistance and good heat resistance, of which the heat resistance decreases little with time, that is useful in a variety of optical elements.

Abstract: A method for producing an optical element having a multi-layered antireflection film formed on a synthetic resin substrate, in which the antireflection film formed has good heat resistance, and its heat resistance lowers little with time. At least one high-refraction layer of the multi-layered anti-reflection film contains niobium oxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide, and optionally aluminum oxide. High-refraction layers can be formed within a shorter period of time while not detracting from the good physical properties intrinsic to the layers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a porous film obtained by coagulating polymer particles in an emulsion into the form of a film while maintaining their particle shape. The spaces between particles are left as pores, and as a result, the porous film has a plurality of thus-formed pores. By controlling the polymer particle diameter, the distribution of the particle diameter, and the solid concentration of the emulsion, the size of the pores of the film, the rate of pore area and the density of pores can be properly determined. The porous film is suitable for various applications including a recording subject for ink-jet printing, other recording subjects, films used in various industries, and the like.

Abstract: A detergent composition comprising a sucrose fatty acid ester and a salt of long-chain carboxylic acid ester of lactic acid having a purity of at least 80 mol %. The detergent composition is highly safe, is weak acidic or neutral so that it has low irritation to the skin, is excellent in detergent properties such as detergency, foaming power and stability in hard water and also in feeling upon use, and is free from undesired color or odor, so that it is suited particularly as food and dish detergents, and skin and hair detergents such as shampoo, body shampoo, face wash and hand soap.