Abstract: Dislosed is an apparatus and method for erasure detection and soft-decision decoding in a cellular system receiver. In the present invention, a complex channel gain and a noise variance of a received symbol from a cellular system transmitter are estimated, and an erasure symbol (a symbol with high power interference) is detected by comparing a threshold value according to the estimated complex channel gain or noise variance with power of the received symbol. Log-likelihood ratios corresponding to constituent bits of the detected erasure symbols are allowed to be 0, and the log-likelihood ratios of the constituent bits of the other received symbols are calculated. A soft-decision decoding operation of received bits is performed with the calculated log-likelihood ratios.

Abstract: A bonding method of a flexible film is provided, which includes: positioning an anisotropic conductive film on a plurality of first signal lines formed on the flexible film to be bonded to a thin film transistor (TFT) panel; arranging the anisotropic conductive film on the TFT panel to align the first signal lines formed on the flexible film and a plurality of second signal lines formed on the TFT panel; positioning at least one portion of a protection film for protecting the second signal lines of the flexible film to be overlapped with the TFT panel; and pressing the flexible film and the TFT panel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a decoding apparatus for LDPC (Low-Density Parity-Check) codes when receiving data encoded with LDPC codes on a channel having consecutive output values, and a method thereof. The decoding method for LDPC codes uses sequential decoding and includes: (a) dividing nodes into check nodes for a parity-check message and variable nodes for a bit message according to a parity-check matrix; (b) dividing the check nodes into a predetermined number of subsets; (c) sequentially decoding the LDPC codeword of each subset for all the check nodes; (d) generating an output message for verifying validity of the decoding result; and (e) iteratively performing the steps (b), (c), and (d) by a predetermined number of iterations.

Abstract: An LDPC code encoding apparatus includes: a code matrix generator for generating and transmitting a parity-check matrix comprising a combination of square matrices having a unique value on each row and column thereof; an encoding means encoding block LDPC codes according to the parity-check matrix received from the code matrix generator; and a codeword selector for puncturing the encoded result of the encoding means to generate an LDPC codeword. The code matrix generator divides an information word to be encoded into block matrices having a predetermined length to generate a vector information word. The encoding means encodes the block LDPC codes using the parity-check matrix divided into the block matrices and a Tanner graph divided into smaller graphs in correspondence to the parity-check matrix.

Abstract: Disclosed is an adaptive transmitting and receiving device and method using frequency division duplexing. A transmitter transmits a preamble or a pilot to a receiver. The receiver estimates a received SNR from the preamble or pilot, determines parameters (received log likelihood ratio parameters) of determining the distribution of the received log likelihood ratio, and feeds them back to the transmitter. The transmitter adaptively determines an antenna method, a modulation method, and a transmit power according to the parameters, and adaptively transmits traffic data to the receiver according to the determined antenna method, the modulation method, and the transmit power.

Abstract: In the resource mapping method for data transmission, a time-frequency resource of a slot interval including OFDM symbols is divided into traffic channels and shared among the subscribers, the traffic channel including resource blocks uniformly distributed in the whole transmit frequency band, the resource block including consecutive subcarriers of consecutive received symbols having at least one inserted pilot symbol. The pilot symbols and the channel-encoded and modulated data symbols are processed by time-frequency mapping according to the resource-block-based mapping method to generate received symbols. The receiver separates the received symbols by subscribers according to the resource-block-based mapping method in a frequency domain, and performs iterative channel estimation, demodulation, and decoding by using the pilot and a data reference value after decoding for each traffic channel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a receiver digital filter for a digital IF signal processor suitable for the specification of each communication standard in a communication system that supports at least one communication standard. The filter for each standard is constructed as one block, and includes a block for externally implementing the constructed block. The coefficient of the digital filter constructed in one block is implemented with an external input or an internal filter coefficient calculator by a basic filter building block. In this manner, the common resources required in the digital filter used in each communication standard are shared, and only the additionally required resources are selectively implemented. Since the shared resources are calculated by dynamic programming, a considerably smaller number of additional resources are required.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multicarrier direct sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) system using a turbo code with nonuniform repetition coding. In particular, it relates to a multicarrier DS/CDMA system using a turbo code with unequal diversity order in its code symbols instead of using a convolutional code.

Abstract: Disclosed is an adaptive transmit and receive method and device in a multiple-antenna wireless communication system. A transmit mode comprises different main transmit modes each of which includes one or both of a sub-transmit mode based on STBC and a sub-transmit mode based on SM. A receiver calculates an STBC performance parameter and a SM performance parameter, and a transmitter uses the parameters to determine a main transmit mode with maximum data rates and select a sub-transmit mode for minimizing power consumption. The transmitter channel-encodes, modulates and antenna-maps input data according to the selected transmit mode, and outputs results to the receiver. The receiver antenna/symbol-demodulates and channel-decodes the received data.

Abstract: Disclosed is an implementation method for simplifying a complicated message-passing function in a decoder for decoding block codes encoded with low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and only using a summator and a shifter to simplify the hardware structure of the decoder, in which method the input interval of the message-passing function for binary representation of a message input is divided and the respective divided intervals are linearized to allow the calculation of the output of the message-passing function without using a memory. Based on the fact that the message-passing function is similar in structure to an exponential function, the linearized intervals are set to make the maximum value expressible in each digit of the binary representation as the boundary of the intervals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a transmitting and receiving method for reducing a time-varying channel distortion in an orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) system. In the present invention, the transmitter defines M sub-channels in one data group, mathematically analyzes a change of channel for each path causing a time-varying channel distortion in a high-speed mobile environment by approximation, calculates a weight value based on the mathematical analysis and assigns the calculated weight value to transmit data of each sub-channel. Subsequently, the receiver combines the signals of these M sub-channels and demodulates the combined signals. Accordingly, the present invention greatly reduces a distortion caused by the time-varying channel to improve a bit error rate and a channel estimation performance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition for protecting nerve cells, promoting nerve cell growth and regenerating nerve cells comprising berberine, derivatives thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The composition has protective effects against apoptosis of neuronal stem cells and differentiated neuronal stem cells, an effect of inducing the regeneration of nerve cells, a regenerative effect on neurites, a neuroregenerative effect on central nerves and peripheral nerves, a reformation effect on neuromuscular junctions, and a protective effect against apoptosis of nerve cells and a neuroregenerative effect in animals suffering from dementia and brain ischemia. Therefore, the composition can be used as a therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, ischemic nervous diseases or nerve injuries, and for the improvement of learning capability.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition for protecting nerve cells, promoting nerve cell growth and regenerating nerve cells comprising a Scutellaria Radix extract. The composition has excellent protective effects against apoptosis of neuronal stem cells and differentiated nerve cells, a positive effect of inducing the regeneration of nerve cells, a regenerative effect on neurites, a neuroregenerative effect on brain nerves and peripheral nerves, a reformation effect on neuromuscular junctions, and a protective effect agaisnt apoptosis of nerve cells and a neuroregenerative effect in animals suffering from dementia and brain ischemia. Therefore, the composition can be used as a therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of nerodegenerative diseases, ischemic nervous diseases or nerve injuries, and for the improvement of learning capability.

Abstract: A panel defining a front exterior of a cathode ray tube has an inner surface overlaid with a phosphor screen, and an outer surface overlaid with a tinted coating layer, wherein the tinted coating layer varies light transmission at the center and the periphery of the panel by being dark at the center and gradating brighter toward the periphery thereby preventing a difference in brightness of the panel between the center and the periphery thereof due to incremental growth in the volume of a black matrix and in the thickness of the panel toward the periphery.

Abstract: A panel defining a front exterior of a cathode ray tube has an inner surface overlaid with a phosphor screen, and an outer surface overlaid with a tinted coating layer, wherein the tinted coating layer varies light transmission at the center and the periphery of the panel by being dark at the center and gradating brighter toward the periphery thereby preventing a difference in brightness of the panel between the center and the periphery thereof due to incremental growth in the volume of a black matrix and in the thickness of the panel toward the periphery.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the amount of ozone concentration in the layers of a film depositing system and the multi-layered structure produced thereby, whereby the concentration of ozone in each layer gradually changes from a low ozone concentration in the first deposited layer to a high ozone concentration in the last deposited layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the amount of ozone concentration in the layers of a film depositing system and the multi-layered structure produced thereby, whereby the concentration of ozone in each layer gradually changes from a low ozone concentration in the first deposited layer to a high ozone concentration in the last deposited layer.

Abstract: A method for forming an interconnection pattern in a semiconductor device for reducing metallic reflection, includes the steps of forming a conductive layer on a substrate, polishing the conductive layer to form a rugged surface on the conductive layer, and selectively removing the polished conductive layer to form the interconnection pattern.