Abstract: Provided are a positively-charged superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION), a contrast agent using the same, and a method of preparing the same. The positively-charged SPION includes a SPION, a polymer layer including a polymer containing many carboxyl groups coated on a surface of the SPION, and a cationic material coupled via an amide bond to a surface of the polymer layer. Therefore, the SPION may be prepared in a simple and reproducible process to have hydrophilicity and a strong positive charge. The prepared positively-charged SPION may have high uptake into a cell and stability, and be used in various applications as an effective contrast agent through non-invasive in vivo imaging.

Abstract: This invention relates to a pooling method for an auction existing in a social network system wherein bidding back-up friends who provided the best bidder or raffle winner with bidding money, bidding ticket, or raffle ticket are compensated. The compensation is proportional to the amount of bidding money provided, and the order of the winner and the bidding back-up friend. The pooling method for an auction bid in a social network system comprises the steps of: providing users with bidding money, building a bidding back-up friendship among the users, providing the users with bidding tickets, providing one user's bidding money or bidding ticket to his bidding back-up friend who participates in an auction, and best bidder wins the auction and his bidding back-up friends are compensated.

Abstract: Provided is a transmitter for transmitting an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal using multiple antennas, including: a subgroup generator to divide data symbols of a frequency domain into a plurality of subgroups; an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) unit to perform an IFFT with respect to each of the subgroups so as to generate partial signals of a time domain corresponding to the plurality of subgroups, respectively; a candidate OFDM signal generator to generate at least two candidate OFDM signals using a combination of the partial signals so that each of the partial signals is transmitted to one of transmit antennas; and a selector to select one of the at least two candidate OFDM signals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of protecting cells against damage caused at least in part by apoptosis, comprising administering to subjects a therapeutic dose of leumorphin having cytoprotective activity, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of leumorphin having a cytoprotective activity.

Abstract: Disclosed is an adaptive transmit and receive method and device in a multiple-antenna wireless communication system. A transmit mode comprises different main transmit modes each of which includes one or both of a sub-transmit mode based on STBC and a sub-transmit mode based on SM. A receiver calculates an STBC performance parameter and a SM performance parameter, and a transmitter uses the parameters to determine a main transmit mode with maximum data rates and select a sub-transmit mode for minimizing power consumption. The transmitter channel-encodes, modulates and antenna-maps input data according to the selected transmit mode, and outputs results to the receiver. The receiver antenna/symbol-demodulates and channel-decodes the received data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for adaptively transmitting the same data, i.e., multicast/broadcast data, according to channel quality to a receiving group including one or more terminals that request the same service in a wireless network. A base station obtains feedback on channel quality indications (CQIs) from a plurality of terminals, selects a transmission technique that satisfies desired service quality based on the COIs, and transmits data to the terminals included in a receiving group by using the selected transmission technique. The CQIs to be transmitted from the terminals in the receiving group to the base station are transmitted through a previously allocated common CQI feedback channel. In the present invention, in order to reduce a CQI feedback channel capacity, the base station does not allocate a common CQI feedback channel with respect to each reception terminal and allocates radio resources according to CQI levels.

Abstract: A Plasma Display Panel (PDP) with improved luminous efficiency includes: a rear substrate; a front substrate facing the rear substrate; a plurality of barrier ribs interposed between the front and rear substrates and partitioning a plurality of discharge cells; a plurality of sustain electrode pairs arranged separate from each other on the front substrate facing the rear substrate, each pair of sustain electrodes including an X electrode and an Y electrode; and a front dielectric layer covering the sustain electrode pairs and having at least two grooves in each of the discharge cells; a distance between the X and Y electrodes of each sustain electrode pair is greater than a height of the barrier ribs.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of qualitatively analyzing high-molecular additives in a metal plating solution, including: removing sulfate ions and metal ions from a metal plating solution; and qualitatively analyzing the metal plating solution, from which sulfate ions and metal ions are removed, using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS). The method is advantageous in that the structure and molecular weight of high-molecular additives present in very small amounts in a plating solution can be accurately measured while maintaining the specific structure and molecular weight thereof without degrading the high-molecular additives.

Abstract: A resource allocation method for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) system is provided. The resource allocation method includes dividing a frequency band occupied by a predetermined number of OFDM symbols into a plurality of subbands and determining the number of diversity subchannels, each of which comprises at least two time-frequency resources respectively included in different subbands, and the number of subband selective subchannels, which comprise time-frequency resources that are not included in the diversity subchannels; and generating the diversity subchannels and the subband selective subchannels according to the determined numbers and allocating a physical channel comprised of a generated subchannel to a user in a cell. Accordingly, diversity is enhanced without reducing the freedom of selection of a subband.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal panel having a color filter including a red filter, a transparent filter, and a blue filter, and a backlight panel at a rear of the liquid crystal panel. The backlight panel includes electron emission regions and a phosphor layer that emits light when excited by electrons emitted from the electron emission regions. The phosphor layer includes a first phosphor layer having a red phosphor and a blue phosphor, and a second phosphor layer having a green phosphor. The backlight panel is configured to emit light from the first phosphor layer and the second phosphor layer sequentially.

Abstract: In the hybrid automatic repeat request (H-ARQ) supporting method for cooperative transmission, a receiver selects one H-ARQ repeat method from among the chase combining method and the incremental redundancy method according to the SNR when the data packet cooperatively transmitted by transmitters generates an error. Also, the method for the receiver to select a repeat transmitter includes a method for selecting a repeat transmitter in advance, a method for removing a transmitting node from a repeat transmitter group when the SNR of the transmitting node is low, and a method for estimating the SNR of each transmitter for each predetermined time frame and selecting the transmitter having the greatest SNR as the repeat transmitter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anisotropic conductive film with two or more adhesive resins simultaneously formed thereon, such that the two or more adhesive resins are simultaneously formed on a substrate of a flat panel display so as to connect various kinds of devices and flexible circuit boards thereto, thereby reducing the size of a non-display region of the substrate and reducing the number of steps of a manufacturing process. Moreover, with the use of an anisotropic conductive film with two layers of adhesive resins with different conductive particles, an excellent bonding force thereof enables a device or flexible circuit board to be stably mounted on a narrow area.

Abstract: In the resource mapping method for data transmission, a time-frequency resource of a slot interval including OFDM symbols is divided into traffic channels and shared among the subscribers, the traffic channel including resource blocks uniformly distributed in the whole transmit frequency band, the resource block including consecutive subcarriers of consecutive received symbols having at least one inserted pilot symbol. The pilot symbols and the channel-encoded and modulated data symbols are processed by time-frequency mapping according to the resource-block-based mapping method to generate received symbols. The receiver separates the received symbols by subscribers according to the resource-block-based mapping method in a frequency domain, and performs iterative channel estimation, demodulation, and decoding by using the pilot and a data reference value after decoding for each traffic channel.

Abstract: Disclosed is an adaptive transmitting and receiving device and method using frequency division duplexing. A transmitter transmits a preamble or a pilot to a receiver. The receiver estimates a received SNR from the preamble or pilot, determines parameters (received log likelihood ratio parameters) of determining the distribution of the received log likelihood ratio, and feeds them back to the transmitter. The transmitter adaptively determines an antenna method, a modulation method, and a transmit power according to the parameters, and adaptively transmits traffic data to the receiver according to the determined antenna method, the modulation method, and the transmit power.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of qualitatively analyzing high-molecular additives in a metal plating solution, including: removing sulfate ions and metal ions from a metal plating solution; and qualitatively analyzing the metal plating solution, from which sulfate ions and metal ions are removed, using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS). The method is advantageous in that the structure and molecular weight of high-molecular additives present in very small amounts in a plating solution can be accurately measured while maintaining the specific structure and molecular weight thereof without degrading the high-molecular additives.

Abstract: Disclosed is a decoding apparatus for LDPC (Low-Density Parity-Check) codes when receiving data encoded with LDPC codes on a channel having consecutive output values, and a method thereof. The decoding method for LDPC codes uses sequential decoding and includes the following steps: (a) the nodes are divided according to a parity-check matrix into check nodes for a parity-check message and variable nodes for a bit message; (b) the check nodes are divided into a predetermined number of subsets; (c) the LDPC codeword of each subset for all the check nodes is sequentially decoded; (d) an output message is generated for verifying validity of the decoding result; and (e) the steps (b), (c), and (d) are iteratively performed by a predetermined number of iterations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mother plate for a flexible printed circuit film with a cutting mark and a display device provided with a flexible printed circuit film cut from the same. The display device includes a display panel for a panel unit displaying an image, a display panel electrode formed on the display panel, and a flexible printed circuit film electrically connected to a terminal of the display panel electrode. The flexible printed circuit film includes a wiring electrically connected to the display panel electrode, and a cutting mark having a cutting portion formed to be adjacent to the wiring in at least one edge of the flexible printed circuit film.

Abstract: Display devices having improved color reproduction ranges and improved color purity of the screen images are provided. In one embodiment, the display device includes a display panel for displaying an image, and a light emitting panel for providing light to the display panel. The light emitting panel includes first and second substrates facing each other, an electron emission unit on an inner surface of the first substrate and including electron emission regions and driving electrodes, a light emission unit on an inner surface of the second substrate and including an anode electrode and a phosphor layer, and a filter layer formed on a surface of the second substrate for selectively absorbing light in wavelength bands ranging from about 480 nm to about 500 nm and from about 580 nm to about 600 nm.

Abstract: A Plasma Display Panel (PDP) that reduces a discharge voltage includes: a substrate; pairs of sustain electrodes arranged on the substrate; and a dielectric layer covering the pairs of sustain electrodes, the dielectric layer having grooves and the grooves having a plurality of protrusions arranged thereon.

Abstract: Disclosed is an adaptive transmit and receive method and device in a multiple-antenna wireless communication system. A transmit mode comprises different main transmit modes each of which includes one or both of a sub-transmit mode based on STBC and a sub-transmit mode based on SM. A receiver calculates an STBC performance parameter and a SM performance parameter, and a transmitter uses the parameters to determine a main transmit mode with maximum data rates and select a sub-transmit mode for minimizing power consumption. The transmitter channel-encodes, modulates and antenna-maps input data according to the selected transmit mode, and outputs results to the receiver. The receiver antenna/symbol-demodulates and channel-decodes the received data.