Abstract: Disclosed is an operating method of an encoder, which includes receiving a first bit stream including first to N-th bits, determining at least one symbol in the first bit stream, wherein the at least one symbol includes “M” consecutive bits each having the first bit value or the second bit value, and generating a first data packet including a first header and at least one packet symbol. The first header includes a least symbol address of a first symbol of the at least one symbol and an inverted value of a bit value of the first bit, a first packet symbol of the at least one packet symbol includes a bit value of the first symbol, a least symbol address of a second symbol of the at least one symbol, and an inverted value of a bit value of a next bit of the first symbol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a press-fit nut for an assembly, a press-fit nut-bolt assembly, and a method of constructing a steel-concrete composite structure using same, wherein a process is simple and a base material does not become deformed during an installation process. The press-fit nut-bolt assembly of the present invention includes a press-fit nut, a stud bolt, a counter nut, and a washer. The press-fit nut includes: a head part formed in a typical nut shape; and a press-fitting part that is formed extending from one of the two surfaces of the head part so as to have an outer diameter less than that of the head part, and that is inserted, through press-fitting, into a base material (M) that is an object requiring fastening. A hollow having threads is continuously formed in the head part and the press-fitting part.

Abstract: A dielectric ceramic composition includes a barium titanate (BaTiO3)-based base material main ingredient and an accessory ingredient, the accessory ingredient including dysprosium (Dy) and praseodymium (Pr) as first accessory ingredients. A content of the Pr satisfies 0.233 mol?Pr?0.699 mol, based on 100 mol of the barium titanate base material main ingredient.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a cosmetic container. The cosmetic container includes an inner cap coupled to a mouth of the container that accommodates contents therein, a pump coupled to the inner cap and inserted into the mouth of the container to discharge a fixed amount of contents, a push button provided in an upper portion of the inner cap, operating the pump by a push operation, and having on a side thereof a nozzle to discharge the contents, and a dip tube coupled at one end thereof to the pump to communicate therewith and inclined at the other end thereof downwards in a direction of a tip of the nozzle, a tip of the dip tube being disposed on an edge of a bottom surface of the container.

Abstract: A dielectric ceramic composition includes a barium titanate (BaTiO3)-based base material main ingredient and an accessory ingredient, the accessory ingredient including dysprosium (Dy) and praseodymium (Pr) as first accessory ingredients. A content of the Pr satisfies 0.233 mol?Pr?0.699 mol, based on 100 mol of the barium titanate base material main ingredient.

Abstract: An actuator for a transmission may include a shift fork coupled to a sleeve; a ball screw mounted to pass through a portion of the shift fork; and at least a guide shaft mounted to pass through a portion of the shift fork to be parallel to the ball screw.

Abstract: A display device includes a bank including an opening defining a plurality of pixels; a plurality of light emitting elements disposed in the plurality of pixels; a color conversion layer disposed on the plurality of light emitting elements in the opening; and a low refractive layer disposed on the color conversion layer in the opening.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating bio-information is provided. The apparatus for estimating bio-information may include: a pulse wave sensor configured to measure a pulse wave signal from an object; a force sensor configured to measure a force exerted by the object to the pulse wave sensor; and a processor configured to obtain a contact pressure based on the force and a reference contact area between the object and a contact surface, and estimate bio-information based on the contact pressure and the pulse wave signal.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, provided is a drug-clay mineral complex, in which the complex comprises a phospholipid, and the drug has an amine group.

Abstract: A bio-signal measurement apparatus may include a first substrate and a second substrate, an optical sensor mounted in the first substrate, a force sensor disposed on or below the first substrate, and a separation structure interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate so as to prevent transmission of a force between the first substrate and the second substrate. An upper surface of the first substrate and an upper surface of the second substrate may be provided at the same level.

Abstract: Provided i an apparatus configured to estimate an optical-based force, the apparatus including a main body, a cover disposed at a first side of the main body and configured to contact an object, a support part connected to two sides of the cover, supporting the cover, and protruding toward an inside of the main body, and an optical sensor disposed on the support part, the optical sensor including a light source configured to emit light onto a reflector, a detector configured to detect light reflected from the reflector, and a circuit unit configured to estimate a contact force of the object based on the detected light.

Abstract: A CNT X-ray tube control system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a CNT X-ray tube including an anode electrode, a gate electrode, and a cathode electrode, and configured to generate X-rays from electric field emission; a dummy load including an anode electrode, a gate electrode, and a cathode electrode, and configured not to generate X-rays, the dummy load being connected to the CNT X-ray tube in parallel; a high-voltage part configured to control a voltage applied to the CNT X-ray tube; and a controller configured to control the CNT X-ray tube, the dummy load, and the high-voltage part. Particularly, a portable X-ray generation apparatus reduced in size can be provided, the apparatus including the dummy load having the same structure as a CNT to minimize the voltage variation of the high-voltage part during the ON/OFF operation of the CNT.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring bio-information may include: a pulse wave sensor comprising at least one pair of light emitters which are disposed apart from each other and a light receiver disposed between the at least one pair of light emitters, and configured to measure a plurality of pulse wave signals from an object by using the light receiver and the at least one pair of light emitters; a force sensor configured to measure a contact force that is applied to the pulse wave sensor by the object; and a processor configured to generate an integrated pulse wave signal by integrating the plurality of pulse wave signals based on the contact force and an area of a contact surface of the pulse wave sensor, and estimate bio-information of the object based on the integrated pulse wave signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is an operating method of an encoder, which includes receiving a first bit stream including first to N-th bits, determining at least one symbol in the first bit stream, wherein the at least one symbol includes “M” consecutive bits each having the first bit value or the second bit value, and generating a first data packet including a first header and at least one packet symbol. The first header includes a least symbol address of a first symbol of the at least one symbol and an inverted value of a bit value of the first bit, a first packet symbol of the at least one packet symbol includes a bit value of the first symbol, a least symbol address of a second symbol of the at least one symbol, and an inverted value of a bit value of a next bit of the first symbol.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating biological information of a user may include a light source configured to emit light to an object of the user; an image sensor comprising a pixel array, and configured to acquire successive image frames by detecting light scattered or reflected from the object of the user; and a processor configured to: select a predetermined number of pixel-rows from among pixel-rows of the image sensor, detect signal intensities in the predetermined number of pixel-rows for each image frame of the successive image frames, correct the signal intensities, combine the signal intensities for each image frame of the successive image frames based on correcting the signal intensities, acquire a photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal based on combining the signal intensities, and estimate the biological information of the user based on the PPG signal.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate, pixels on the substrate, pads, and test lines. The pads are between the pixels and an edge of the substrate and include a first pad and a second pad. The test lines include a first test line and a second test line. The first test line includes a first section and a second section. The second section is closer to the edge of the substrate than the first section and is connected through the first section to the first pad. The second test line includes a first segment and a second segment. The second segment is closer to the edge of the substrate than the first segment and is connected through the first segment to the second pad. A minimum distance between the first section and the first segment is larger than a minimum distance between the second section and the second segment.

Abstract: Provided is a neuromorphic system for synaptic learning in a spiking neural network (SNN)-based neuromorphic array structure. Control blocks including a post-synaptic neuron, which generates a post-neuron spike, are disposed on output lines of a synapse array to implement a spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP) operation such that synaptic learning can be stably implemented in an SNN neuromorphic array. Also, a lateral inhibition circuit may be added. When a post-neuron spike is generated by an STDP control block connected to any one output line, the lateral inhibition circuit inhibits STDP control blocks connected to other output lines from generating spikes. Accordingly, learning selectivity can be improved, and thus the performance of an STDP algorithm can be improved.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating bio-information, may include: a main body; a photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor disposed in the main body and configured to measure a PPG signal from an object of a user; an internal pressure sensor disposed in a closed space formed in the main body, and configured to measure a pressure applied to the closed space when the object applies force to a surface of the main body; and a processor configured to estimate the bio-information of the user based on the PPG signal and the pressure applied to the closed space.

Abstract: In a method for recovering an active metal of a lithium secondary battery, a sulfuric acid solution is added to a lithium metal composite oxide so as to prepare a sulfated active material solution. A transition metal is extracted from the sulfated active material solution. A lithium precursor is recovered by adding a lithium extracting agent to the solution remaining after the transition metal has been extracted from the sulfated active material solution. In the method, the amount of impurities is reduced, and sulfuric acid and the neutralizing agent can be recycled so that a high-yield lithium precursor recovery is enabled.

Abstract: Provided are foldable electronic device and method for estimating bio-information by using the same. The foldable electronic device may include: a main body part including a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet; an image sensor part including a first image sensor and a second image sensor which are disposed at the first main body; and a processor configured to obtain a contact image of an object from the first image sensor disposed at the first main body and obtain an image of a marker that is displayed on the second main body, from the second image sensor disposed at the first main body, when the object is in contact with the first image sensor and the main body part is folded along the fold line, and estimate bio-information based on the contact image of the object and the image of the marker.