Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a memory cell array, a mode register set and a test circuit. The memory cell array includes a plurality of wordlines, a plurality of bitlines, and a plurality of spin-transfer torque magneto-resistive random access memory (STT-MRAM) cells, and each STT-MRAM cell disposed in a cross area of each wordline and bitline, and the STT-MRAM cell includes a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) element and a cell transistor. The MTJ element includes a free layer, a barrier layer and a pinned layer. A gate of the cell transistor is coupled to a wordline, a first electrode of the cell transistor is coupled to a bitline via the MTJ element, and a second electrode of the cell transistor is coupled to a source line. The mode register set is configured to set a test mode, and the test circuit is configured to perform a test operation by using the mode register set.

Abstract: A magnetic memory device such as a magnetic random access memory (MRAM), and a memory module and a memory system on which the magnetic memory device is mounted are disclosed. The MRAM includes magnetic memory cells each of which varies between at least two states according to a magnetization direction and an interface unit that provides various interface functions. The memory module includes a module board and at least one MRAM chip mounted on the module board, and further includes a buffer chip that manages an operation of the at least one MRAM chip. The memory system includes the MRAM and a memory controller that communicates with the MRAM, and may communicate an electric-to-optical conversion signal or an optical-to-electric conversion signal by using an optical link that is connected between the MRAM and the memory controller.

Abstract: A decoding apparatus and method of a terminal in a wireless communication system are provided. A carrier to interference and noise ratio (CINR) estimator estimates a CINR value of a received signal, and a controller generates a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level candidate set satisfying the estimated CINR value and a target packet error rate (PER) based on a look-up table. A decoder switch determines if an MCS level of a burst is included in the MCS level candidate set when the burst having no connection identifier (CID) information exists in a corresponding frame, and determines to decode the corresponding burst if the MCS level of the burst is included in the MCS level candidate set and to discard the burst otherwise.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a cell array including one or more bank groups, where each of the one or more bank groups includes a plurality of banks and each of the plurality of banks includes a plurality of spin transfer torque magneto resistive random access memory (STT-MRAM) cells. The semiconductor memory device further includes a source voltage generating unit for applying a voltage to a source line connected to the each of the plurality of STT-MRAM cells, and a command decoder for decoding a command from an external source in order to perform read and write operations on the plurality of STT-MRAM cells.

Abstract: A magnetic random access memory (MRAM), and a memory module, memory system including the same, and method for controlling the same are disclosed. The MRAM includes magnetic memory cells configured to change between at least two states according to a magnetization direction, and a mode register supporting a plurality of operational modes.

Abstract: A technique for controlling operation of a communication subsystem is described. The subsystem is set to a first wake-up mode of operation, during which a state value from the system is read and stored in memory. The subsystem is then set to a sleep mode of operation after the first wake-up mode of operation, and to a second wake-up mode of operation after the sleep mode of operation. The stored state value is then read from the memory, where the subsystem is set to operate based on the read state value during a warm-up period of the second wake-up mode of operation.

Abstract: A method of operating a memory device includes masking at least one bank among a plurality of banks in response to a mode register writing command; and performing a refresh operation on a plurality of rows in one of unmasked banks in response to a first per-bank refresh command.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and a method for provisioning service flows in broadband wireless access communication. In a broadband wireless access communication system, if a base station receives a registration request message from a mobile station, and if the base station inserts information about service flows to be provisioned by a base station into a registration response message and transmits the registration response message to the mobile station after the registration request message is received, the mobile station determines if the mobile station transits into a normal operation mode corresponding to the information and exactly recognizes a time point at which the mobile station goes into the normal operation mode.

Abstract: Provided is a memory device having a first switch configured to receive a first CSL signal to input or output data. A second switch is configured to receive a second CSL signal. A sensing and latch circuit (SLC) is coupled between the first and second switches. And at least one memory cell is coupled to the second switch. The second switch is configured to control timing of read or write operations of the at least one memory cell in response to the second CSL signal, e.g., where a read operation can be performed in not more than about 5 ns. The SLC operates as a latch in a write mode and as an amplifier in a read mode. The memory device may comprise part of a memory system or other apparatus including such memory device or system. Methods of performing read and write operations using such memory device are also provided.

Abstract: Method pertains to a medical imaging device for simultaneously detecting fluorescence and Raman signals for multiple fluorescence and Raman signal targets. The method includes: injecting at least one marker particle including Raman markers and receptors into the body of an animal, which can be a human; irradiating a laser beam onto the body of the animal; and detecting the optical signals emitted by the marker particle after the irradiation of the laser beam separately as fluorescence signals and Raman signals. The simultaneous detection of multiple targets may be performed even without scanning optical signals emitted by the marker particle individually with different optical fibers. As an examination may be performed by injecting surface-enhanced Raman marker particles, into which fluorescent components are introduced, into the body of the animal using a spray or the like, weak Raman signals may be augmented so as to obtain a more accurate diagnosis result in real time.

Abstract: A host device, a portable storage device, and a method of updating an RO stored in the portable storage device are provided. The method includes receiving a predetermined bitmap from a host device, performing a bitwise operation on the received bitmap and meta information indicating a state of the RO, and updating the meta information using a result of the bitwise operation.

Abstract: A stacked semiconductor apparatus and method of fabricating same are disclosed. The apparatus includes upper and lower semiconductor devices having a similar pattern of connection elements. When stacked connected the resulting plurality of semiconductor devices includes a serial connection path traversing the stack, and may also include parallel connection paths, back-side mounted large components, and vertical thermal conduits.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for efficiently providing a location of a contents encryption key. A method of efficiently providing a location of a contents encryption key according to an embodiment of the present invention includes generating metadata containing information regarding a location of a contents encryption key in a rights object, and setting the generated metadata and the rights object in a portable storage device.

Abstract: A technique for controlling operation of a communication subsystem is described. The subsystem is set to a first wake-up mode of operation, during which a state value from the system is read and stored in memory. The subsystem is then set to a sleep mode of operation after the first wake-up mode of operation, and to a second wake-up mode of operation after the sleep mode of operation. The stored state value is then read from the memory, where the subsystem is set to operate based on the read state value during a warm-up period of the second wake-up mode of operation.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining contents information corresponding to a Rights Object (RO) by transmitting information on contents together when the RO is moved from a mobile device to a memory card or a smart card or when the RO is moved from the memory card or the smart card to the mobile device are provided. The apparatus includes a meta information manager for determining information on contents corresponding to the RO when the RO is moved, and for generating meta information containing the determined contents information, and a controller for providing control to transmit the RO and the meta information generated by the meta information manager to a portable storage device. Accordingly, the conventional problem can be solved in which information on contents cannot be determined by using a Contents IDentifier (CID) if the RO does not exist together with the contents.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for managing a rights object by backing up and restoring the rights object between a host device and a multimedia card are provided. The apparatus includes an input unit that receives an order signal from a user, a rights-object-managing unit that determines whether the rights object can be backed up and restored based on rights object information when the order signal is input, and backs up and restores the rights object according to a result of the determination, and an information-managing unit that manages information related to movement and removal of the rights object and information on the backed up and restored rights object.

Abstract: A communication device reads and stores in memory a state value which was utilized for operating a communication subsystem during a wake-up period of the communication subsystem. The device then causes the communication subsystem to enter into a sleep mode. Subsequently, the device causes the communication subsystem to exit from the sleep mode and enter into a current wake-up period. The stored state value is provided to the communication subsystem for use in operating the communication subsystem during a warm-up period of the current wake-up period. After the warm-up period of the current wake up period, a current state value is provided from a state controller to the communication subsystem for use in operating the communication subsystem during the wake up period. The current state value is determined based on a detected signal level of a current signal received in the communication subsystem.

Abstract: Provided are a digital rights management (DRM) method and apparatus, and more particularly, a DRM method and apparatus which can support different DRMs and use various digital content. The DRM method includes receiving a hello message request from a host device; comparing information included in the hello message request to information stored in advance; generating an error code when the hello message request contains unsupported information; and generating a hello message response that contains the error code.

Abstract: A communication device reads and stores in memory a state value which was utilized for operating a communication subsystem during a wake-up period of the communication subsystem. The device then causes the communication subsystem to enter into a sleep mode. Subsequently, the device causes the communication subsystem to exit from the sleep mode and enter into a current wake-up period. The stored state value is provided to the communication subsystem for use in operating the communication subsystem during a warm-up period of the current wake-up period. After the warm-up period of the current wake up period, a current state value is provided from a state controller to the communication subsystem for use in operating the communication subsystem during the wake up period. The current state value is determined based on a detected signal level of a current signal received in the communication subsystem.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for creating and applying a secure file identifier of a rights object by using random numbers. The apparatus includes a secure-file-identifier generating unit which creates the secure file identifier by generating a random number and combining the random number with a hash value corresponding to a rights object identifier of the file identifier list; a transmitting unit which transmits the secure file identifier to the storage device; and a receiving unit which receives a secure file identifier list for identifying the rights object from a storage device.