Abstract: The present invention provides a gas sensor, including: a sensor substrate provided with an electrode; and a thin layer of sensor material formed by spraying a solution in which metal oxide nanoparticles are dispersed onto the sensor substrate. The gas sensor is advantageous in that a sensor material is formed into a porous thin layer containing metal oxide nanoparticles having a large specific surface area, thus realizing high sensitivity on the ppb scale and a high reaction rate. Further, the gas sensor is advantageous in that it can be manufactured at room temperature, and the thickness of a sensor material can be easily adjusted by adjusting the spray time, so that a thin gas sensor or a thick gas sensor can be easily manufactured.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display device including a first substrate where pixel areas are defined, a second substrate facing the first substrate, liquid crystals aligned between the first and second substrates, and spacers that maintain a gap between the first and second substrates. The pixel areas are divided into a plurality of domains along the alignment direction of the liquid crystals by way of domain dividers. Optical characteristics are compensated in different domains, so that the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device is increased. The display quality of the liquid crystal display device is improved by adjusting the shape and position of the domain dividers and the spacers.

Abstract: A solar cell module includes an array substrate, a plurality of solar cells and a between-cell bus electrode. The solar cells are arranged to be adjacent to each other on the array substrate. Each of the solar cells includes a wire electrode. The bus electrode between the cells partially overlaps with each of adjacent solar cells and extends in a first direction, to be electrically connected to the wire electrode of each of the adjacent solar cells. Accordingly, the power efficiency of the solar cell module may be improved.

Abstract: A method of forming an electrode, by which the resistance of the electrode can be reduced, and a method of manufacturing a solar cell using the method of forming an electrode are provided. The electrode forming method includes coating conductive paste on a substrate, forming a metal layer by drying the conductive paste or heating the same at low temperature, and annealing the metal layer by Joule heating using the metal layer by applying an electric field to the metal layer.

Abstract: A color filter substrate includes a substrate, a black matrix disposed on the substrate, a color filter on a sub-pixel area partitioned by the black matrix, a common electrode disposed on the color filter to receive a common voltage, and an anti-reflective layer configured to prevent the reflection of light in the color filter substrate.

Abstract: A solar cell is provided with a hetero-junction front structure (e.g., P/N or P/I/N) and is further provided in a back portion of thereof with a passivation layer having a plurality of openings defined therethrough. A BSF-forming binder material and a back face electrode are provided contacting the back surface and are fired to thereby bind the back face electrode to the structure and to form a BSF region extending from the openings of the passivation layer.

Abstract: A base substrate of a color filter substrate includes a display region and a peripheral region. The display region includes a pixel area having a first unit area, a second unit area, and a third unit area that are disposed adjacent to each other, and a blocking area that surrounds peripheral portions of each of the first, second, and third unit areas. A first color filter is formed in the first unit area. A second color filter is formed in the second unit area and the blocking area. A third color filter is formed in the third unit area and on the second color filter in the blocking area. Therefore, the second and third color filters overlap each other so that light is blocked.

Abstract: A color filter substrate includes a substrate, a black matrix disposed on the substrate, a color filter on a sub-pixel area partitioned by the black matrix, a common electrode disposed on the color filter to receive a common voltage, and an anti-reflective layer configured to prevent the reflection of light in the color filter substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method consisting of a step for analyzing a traffic receiving mirroring, a step for judging whether NAT (Network Address Translation) use of a client configuring and using a private network as well as a provided authorized IP (an Internet IP) is allowed or not, for analyzing and detecting the number of sharing terminals, a step for creating a database using data, and a step for formulating a policy by using information in database, so that when the users of a private network connect to Internet at the same time, permission or blocking of Internet use can be executed selectively.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for neutralizing a malicious ARP spoofing attack generated in a local network and in particular, the present invention provides a method for neutralizing an ARP spoofing attack comprising a step for detecting an ARP spoofing attack based on an ARP request packet generated for an ARP spoofing attack; a step for generating a plurality of counterfeit MAC addresses and dynamically changing MAC addresses of network devices or servers which are to be protected whenever an ARP spoofing attack is generated; and a step for neutralizing an ARP spoofing attack by using a counterfeit MAC address which is capable of neutralizing an ARP spoofing attack adequately.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) capable of easily implementing a repairing process is provided under a circumstance where a width of a sustain electrode line is reduced or even no sustain electrode line is provided for the purpose of ensuring an increased aperture ratio, and a method for repairing the liquid crystal display is provided. The LCD includes a gate line, extending in a first direction, and a data wiring being insulated from the gate line. The data wiring includes a source electrode, a drain electrode, and a data line extending in a second direction. A pixel electrode is connected to the drain electrode via a contact hole, and a sustain electrode line is formed in a substantially the same plane as the gate line and has a sustain electrode overlapped by the contact hole.

Abstract: In an array substrate, the array substrate includes an insulation member in each pixel area and a color filter layer that surrounds each insulation member. The color filter layer includes color filters having two or more colors that are different from each other, and a color filter is formed in each pixel area. An insulation member is arranged in each pixel area and all the insulation members include the same material. The insulation members are partially removed in each pixel area to form contact holes having the same size.

Abstract: In an array substrate, the array substrate includes an insulation member in each pixel area and a color filter layer that surrounds each insulation member. The color filter layer includes color filters having two or more colors that are different from each other, and a color filter is formed in each pixel area. An insulation member is arranged in each pixel area and all the insulation members include the same material. The insulation members are partially removed in each pixel area to form contact holes having the same size.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided. The liquid crystal display includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing and spaced apart from each other in a predetermined distance, in which the second substrate has a first area in which color filters are formed over a plurality of pixel regions and a second area in which the color filters are formed at each of the plurality of pixel regions.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a technology for grasping the number of a plurality of terminals of a client using a Cookie in a private network in which plural terminals are shared by redirecting a session which is to be connected to a Web by analyzing a TCP/IP packet, detecting the accurate number of a plurality of terminals of a client using an Internet, and making the accurate number as a DB, and selectively permitting or blocking a connection to Internet according to TCP/IP by using the Cookie pool information of a DB type and JOB when the users configuring and using a private network connect to the Internet at the same time.

Abstract: In an array substrate, the array substrate includes an insulation member in each pixel area and a color filter layer that surrounds each insulation member. The color filter layer includes color filters having two or more colors that are different from each other, and a color filter is formed in each pixel area. An insulation member is arranged in each pixel area and all the insulation members include the same material. The insulation members are partially removed in each pixel area to form contact holes having the same size.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a liquid crystal display. According to an embodiment, a liquid crystal display including a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: a plurality of pixel electrodes respectively including a first sub-pixel electrode and a second sub-pixel electrode; a plurality of first thin film transistors connected to the first sub-pixel electrodes; a plurality of second thin film transistors connected to the second sub-pixel electrodes; a plurality of third thin film transistors connected to the second sub-pixel electrodes; a plurality of first gate lines connected to the first and second thin film transistors; a plurality of data lines connected to the first and second thin film transistors; a plurality of second gate lines connected to the third thin film transistors; and a step-down capacitor connected between the drain electrode of the third thin film transistor and the first gate line.

Abstract: A color filter substrate includes a color filter, a common electrode, a first blocking layer, and a second blocking layer. The color filter is formed in a unit pixel. The first blocking layer corresponds to an outline of the color filter. The second blocking layer is formed in the unit pixel, and under the color filter so to be covered by the color filter, thus decreasing a volume of the color filter. A common electrode is formed over the color filter and the first blocking layer. Thus, an amount of a color filter pigment required for manufacturing the substrate may be decreased and manufacturing cost may be decreased.

Abstract: A base substrate of a color filter substrate includes a display region and a peripheral region. The display region includes a pixel area having a first unit area, a second unit area, and a third unit area that are disposed adjacent to each other, and a blocking area that surrounds peripheral portions of each of the first, second, and third unit areas. A first color filter is formed in the first unit area. A second color filter is formed in the second unit area and the blocking area. A third color filter is formed in the third unit area and on the second color filter in the blocking area. Therefore, the second and third color filters overlap each other so that light is blocked.

Abstract: A display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate arranged opposite to the first substrate, and a column spacer formed on at least one of the first substrate or the second substrate to maintain a space between the first and second substrates, wherein the column spacer has a bottom side having a shape of a concave-sided polygon.