Abstract: Switchable grounded terminal loads are built into, or otherwise coupled to, connectors on motherboards and control devices. The terminal loads are coupled to the bus termination at the connector when the connector is “stuffed” (connected to a mating connector). The switchable grounded terminal loads replace dummy connectors in preventing empty “unstuffed” connectors from increasing error risks on active channels.

Abstract: Generally, this disclosure provides systems and devices for reduction of crosstalk between routed signals. A system may include a first pair of signal lines and a second pair of signal lines and each of the pairs of signal lines include a positive signal line and a negative signal line to transmit a differential signal. The system may also include an alternating current coupling capacitor (AC cap) associated with each of the positive signal lines and each of the negative signal lines. The system may further include a routing crossover of the positive signal line and the negative signal line of the second pair of signal lines, to decrease signal crosstalk between the first and second pairs of signal lines. The routing crossover may include at least one of the AC caps.

Abstract: Switchable grounded terminal loads are built into, or otherwise coupled to, connectors on motherboards and control devices. The terminal loads are coupled to the bus termination at the connector when the connector is “stuffed” (connected to a mating connector). The switchable grounded terminal loads replace dummy connectors in preventing empty “unstuffed” connectors from increasing error risks on active channels.

Abstract: Switchable grounded terminal loads are built into, or otherwise coupled to, connectors on motherboards and control devices. The terminal loads are coupled to the bus termination at the connector when the connector is “stuffed” (connected to a mating connector). The switchable grounded terminal loads replace dummy connectors in preventing empty “unstuffed” connectors from increasing error risks on active channels.

Abstract: Switchable grounded terminal loads are built into, or otherwise coupled to, connectors on motherboards and control devices. The terminal loads are coupled to the bus termination at the connector when the connector is “stuffed” (connected to a mating connector). The switchable grounded terminal loads replace dummy connectors in preventing empty “unstuffed” connectors from increasing error risks on active channels.

Abstract: Generally, this disclosure provides systems and devices for reduction of crosstalk between routed signals. A system may include a first pair of signal lines and a second pair of signal lines and each of the pairs of signal lines include a positive signal line and a negative signal line to transmit a differential signal. The system may also include an alternating current coupling capacitor (AC cap) associated with each of the positive signal lines and each of the negative signal lines. The system may further include a routing crossover of the positive signal line and the negative signal line of the second pair of signal lines, to decrease signal crosstalk between the first and second pairs of signal lines. The routing crossover may include at least one of the AC caps.

Abstract: A method provides modeling of surface roughness effect of an electrical conductor. The method includes identifying first protrusions of a first level using an original flat surface of the conductor as a first base surface and determining a first correction factor of the first level using parameters of the first protrusions. The method further includes identifying second protrusions of a second level using the first protrusions and the first base surface as a second base surface, and determining a second correction factor of the second level using parameters of the second protrusions and regarding the second base surface as being a smooth surface, the smooth surface being a surface of the conductor without surface roughness effect. A final correction factor of the conductor is determined by combining the first correction factor and the second correction factor.