Abstract: A polyvinyl alcohol-based crosslinked copolymer may include an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid-based structural unit, wherein an amount of carboxylate-forming structural units in the crosslinked copolymer is 1% by mole or more and 35% by mole or less with respect to all structural units constituting the crosslinked copolymer, and a solubility of the crosslinked copolymer in water is 90% or less.

Abstract: An insulating member includes a fixed charge. The insulating member includes a first insulating part. The first insulating part includes a first region, a second region, and a third region. The first region is positioned between a gate electrode and the second region in a first direction. The second region is positioned between the first region and the third region in the first direction. The third region is positioned between the second region and a second surface in the first direction. A density of the fixed charge is greater in the first region than in the second region.

Abstract: A device for assisting molding condition determination includes a molding state data adjustment amount obtaining unit and a molding condition element adjustment amount obtaining unit. The molding state data adjustment amount obtaining unit obtains, using a first learning model, a molding state data adjustment amount having a value equivalent to a difference between molding state data detected by a sensor and a molding state data target value. The molding condition element adjustment amount obtaining unit obtains, using a second learning model, an adjustment amount for a molding condition element corresponding to the molding state data adjustment amount.

Abstract: An electrophotographic member comprising: a base material; an elastic layer on the base material; and a surface layer on the elastic layer, wherein the elastic layer comprises silicone rubber, the surface layer comprises fluoro rubber, a thickness of the surface layer is 3 ?m or more, an elastic deformation power ?IT calculated from a load displacement curve, obtained with a nanoindentation test according to ISO 14577 by bringing a Vickers indenter into contact with an outer surface of the surface layer and setting a test load at 120 ?N, is 30 to 50%, and a Martens hardness determined by the nanoindentation test at the outer surface of the surface layer is 12.0 to 18.0 N/mm2.

Abstract: Provided is a fixing rotating member capable of maintaining high toner releasability over longer periods of time than in conventional instances and that is capable of maintaining abrasion resistance against paper; the fixing rotating member comprises a base layer, an elastic layer, and a surface layer, in this order; the surface layer containing a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer and a perfluoropolyether; the tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer having pores formed therein; the surface layer has pores with openings at a first surface thereof, and constituting an outer surface of the fixing rotating member; at least part of the pores containing the perfluoropolyether; a content of the perfluoropolyether in the surface layer is 20 mass % to 60 mass %; and a degree of orientation A of molecules of the tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether in a direction perpendicular to a circumferential direction of the surface layer is 35 to 75%.

Abstract: A fixing rotating member comprising a base layer, an elastic layer and a surface layer, in this order, the surface layer containing PFA and PFPE, and having pores with openings at a first surface; at least part of the pores containing the PFPE, wherein when after removing the PFPE in the pores, placing a first observation region on the first surface, defining a ratio of a sum of areas of the openings in the first observation region relative to an area of the first observation region as P1; and placing a second observation region in a cross section of the surface layer, and defining a ratio of a sum of areas of the pores in the second observation region relative to an area of the second observation region as P2, P2/P1 is 1.3 or higher.

Abstract: An electrophotographic member includes a base layer, an elastic layer, and a surface layer stacked in this order. The surface layer contains a fluorine resin and a fluorine rubber, the fluorine rubber is contained at a proportion of 0.5 parts by mass or more and 1.0 parts by mass or less with respect to 1 part by mass of the fluorine resin, and the surface layer further contains a compound represented by formula (1): CH3(CH2)m—O—((CH2)lO)n—OH??(1) In formula (1), m, l, and n each independently represent an integer of 1 or more.

Abstract: An electrophotographic belt comprising: a substrate and an elastic layer on an outer peripheral surface of the substrate, the elastic layer comprising a cured rubber product including a cured silicone rubber product, an elastic modulus of the elastic layer at a temperature of 23° C. being 1.00 MPa or less, wherein when 1 g sample collected from the elastic layer is immersed in 50 ml of toluene at a temperature of 23° C. for 24 hours in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) K6258:2016, an extract of 3% by mass to 20% by mass with respect to the sample is extracted, and a burning time of the elastic layer in a burn test in accordance with UL94 VTM standard is 30 seconds or less.

Abstract: A resinous membrane comprising a resin including a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, having a water pressure resistance of 800 kPa or more, and having a moisture permeability of 1500 g/m2·day or more.

Abstract: An electrophotographic member includes a base layer, an elastic layer, and a surface layer stacked in this order. The surface layer contains a fluorine resin and a fluorine rubber, the fluorine rubber is contained at a proportion of 0.5 parts by mass or more and 1.0 parts by mass or less with respect to 1 part by mass of the fluorine resin, and the surface layer further contains a compound represented by formula (1): CH3(CH2)m—O—((CH2)lO)n—OH??(1) In formula (1), m, l, and n each independently represent an integer of 1 or more.

Abstract: Provided is a pressurizing member including a substrate, an elastic layer on the substrate, and a surface layer on the elastic layer, the surface layer containing a fluorine resin, wherein the surface layer has a surface resistivity of 1×1011[?/?] or less at a temperature of 25° C. when applying a DC voltage of 500 V, and a thermal conductivity ? in a thickness direction of the surface layer is 0.093 [W/(m·K)] or less.

Abstract: A heater element including a honeycomb structure and a functional material-containing layer, wherein the honeycomb structure has an outer peripheral wall and partition walls provided inside the outer peripheral wall, the partition walls partitioning a plurality of cells that form flow paths extending from an inlet end surface to an outlet end surface, and at least the partition walls are made of a material having PTC characteristics, and wherein the functional material-containing layer is provided on a surface of the partition walls, and a thickness of the functional material-containing layer increases from the inlet end surface toward the outlet end surface.

Abstract: A hood in which a predetermined space is formed is provided in a front portion of a traveling vehicle body, a control portion on which an operator rides is provided on a rear side of the hood, a first electric motor configured to drive rear wheels and a second electric motor configured to drive a work machine are provided on a lower rear side of a control seat of the control portion, and a battery configured to store electric power to be supplied to the first electric motor and the second electric motor is provided in the space formed by the hood.

Abstract: A pressing rotating member comprising a base layer, an elastic layer and a surface layer, in this order, the surface layer having pores, wherein when placing an observation region of 8 ?m long×11 ?m wide at a cross section of the surface layer in a thickness direction of the surface layer—a direction perpendicular to a circumferential direction of the pressing rotating member, a degree of orientation f of the pores observed in the observation region is 0.20 or higher, and an orientation angle ? of the pores observed in the observation region is 0° to 10°.

Abstract: Provided is a pressurizing member including a substrate, an elastic layer on the substrate, and a surface layer on the elastic layer, the surface layer containing a fluorine resin, wherein the surface layer has a surface resistivity of 1×1011[?/?] or less at a temperature of 25° C. when applying a DC voltage of 500 V, and a thermal conductivity ? in a thickness direction of the surface layer is 0.093 [W/(m·K)] or less.

Abstract: An electrophotographic member includes a base layer and an elastic layer on the base layer, wherein the elastic layer includes a matrix rubber, an ionic liquid including an anion and a cation, and an inorganic layered double hydroxide compound, wherein the anion is at least one selected from the group consisting of structural formulae (1) to (3), the cation is at least one selected from the group consisting of structural formulae (4) to (7), and the inorganic layered double hydroxide compound has an average value of interlayer distances of 4 ? or larger and 8 ? or smaller, which are measured by XRD.

Abstract: A fixing rotating member comprising a base layer, an elastic layer and a surface layer, in this order, the surface layer containing PFA and PFPE, and having pores with openings at a first surface; at least part of the pores containing the PFPE, wherein when after removing the PFPE in the pores, placing a first observation region on the first surface, defining a ratio of a sum of areas of the openings in the first observation region relative to an area of the first observation region as P1; and placing a second observation region in a cross section of the surface layer, and defining a ratio of a sum of areas of the pores in the second observation region relative to an area of the second observation region as P2, P2/P1 is 1.3 or higher.

Abstract: A pressing rotating member comprising a base layer, an elastic layer and a surface layer, in this order, the surface layer having pores, wherein when placing an observation region of 8 ?m long×11 ?m wide at a cross section of the surface layer in a thickness direction of the surface layer—a direction perpendicular to a circumferential direction of the pressing rotating member, a degree of orientation f of the pores observed in the observation region is 0.20 or higher, and an orientation angle ? of the pores observed in the observation region is 0° to 10°.

Abstract: Provided is a fixing rotating member capable of maintaining high toner releasability over longer periods of time than in conventional instances and that is capable of maintaining abrasion resistance against paper; the fixing rotating member comprises a base layer, an elastic layer, and a surface layer, in this order; the surface layer containing a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer and a perfluoropolyether; the tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer having pores formed therein; the surface layer has pores with openings at a first surface thereof, and constituting an outer surface of the fixing rotating member; at least part of the pores containing the perfluoropolyether; a content of the perfluoropolyether in the surface layer is 20 mass % to 60 mass %; and a degree of orientation A of molecules of the tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether in a direction perpendicular to a circumferential direction of the surface layer is 35 to 75%.

Abstract: A lens unit and a camera module are provided which are capable of warming the lens surface and realizing a quick snow melting effect without impairing the antireflection characteristics of the antireflection film. The lens unit has lens heating means which includes: i) a transparent conductive film provided on a lens surface facing the object side of the lens located closest to the object side, the lens constituting the lens group; ii) at least a pair of electrodes electrically connected to the transparent conductive film; wherein an electric current is caused to flow to the transparent conductive film by applying a voltage between the electrodes to generate Joule heat on the lens surface. The lens unit further includes an antireflection film provided to cover the lens heating means.