Abstract: An electrophotographic member comprising: a base material; an elastic layer on the base material; and a surface layer on the elastic layer, wherein the elastic layer comprises silicone rubber, the surface layer comprises fluoro rubber, a thickness of the surface layer is 3 ?m or more, an elastic deformation power ?IT calculated from a load displacement curve, obtained with a nanoindentation test according to ISO 14577 by bringing a Vickers indenter into contact with an outer surface of the surface layer and setting a test load at 120 ?N, is 30 to 50%, and a Martens hardness determined by the nanoindentation test at the outer surface of the surface layer is 12.0 to 18.0 N/mm2.

Abstract: Provided is a fixing rotating member capable of maintaining high toner releasability over longer periods of time than in conventional instances and that is capable of maintaining abrasion resistance against paper; the fixing rotating member comprises a base layer, an elastic layer, and a surface layer, in this order; the surface layer containing a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer and a perfluoropolyether; the tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer having pores formed therein; the surface layer has pores with openings at a first surface thereof, and constituting an outer surface of the fixing rotating member; at least part of the pores containing the perfluoropolyether; a content of the perfluoropolyether in the surface layer is 20 mass % to 60 mass %; and a degree of orientation A of molecules of the tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether in a direction perpendicular to a circumferential direction of the surface layer is 35 to 75%.

Abstract: An evaluation apparatus according to an embodiment includes an evaluator including a column being capable of storing a liquid containing defects, the column being transparent, the defects containing a bubble, a first particle containing metal, and a second particle being different from the bubble and the first particle, an irradiator irradiating the liquid in the column with an irradiation light, an imager imaging a scattered light emitted from the defects by the irradiation light, an analyzer obtaining a diffusion coefficient of the defects from the imaged scattered light, a calculator calculating a particle size and a refractive index of the defects, a determiner determining whether the defects contain the bubble or the second particle, or the first particle; a filter filtering the liquid, the filter including an inlet and an outlet; a first pipe connecting the outlet of the filter and the evaluator.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes first to third conductive portions, a first insulating portion, and a semiconductor portion. The semiconductor portion includes a first semiconductor region provided between the first conductive portion and the second conductive portion, and a second semiconductor region provided between the second conductive portion and the first insulating region. The second conductive portion includes a first conductive region in Schottky junction with the first semiconductor region, and a second conductive region in Schottky junction with the second semiconductor region. When the first conductivity-type is an n-type, a work function of the first conductive region is smaller than a work function of the second conductive region. When the first conductivity-type is a p-type, the work function of the first conductive region is larger than the work function of the second conductive region.

Abstract: A fixing rotating member comprising a base layer, an elastic layer and a surface layer, in this order, the surface layer containing PFA and PFPE, and having pores with openings at a first surface; at least part of the pores containing the PFPE, wherein when after removing the PFPE in the pores, placing a first observation region on the first surface, defining a ratio of a sum of areas of the openings in the first observation region relative to an area of the first observation region as P1; and placing a second observation region in a cross section of the surface layer, and defining a ratio of a sum of areas of the pores in the second observation region relative to an area of the second observation region as P2, P2/P1 is 1.3 or higher.

Abstract: An injection molding device includes an injection device including a cylinder, a screw, and a nozzle provided at a front end of the cylinder, for discharging molten resin as the screw advances, a mold including a molded product cavity, and a resin channel between the molded product cavity and a portion abutting the nozzle, a channel pressure measuring device for acquiring channel pressure data in the resin channel, and a determination unit that determines presence/absence of clogging of a gate of the resin channel, based on features of the channel pressure data.

Abstract: There are provided a molding conditions determination assist device and a resin state estimation device including: a quality estimation unit which estimates quality of the mold products by a machine learning on the basis of a detection data; a quality transition storage unit which accumulates the estimated quality of the mold products and stores a quality transition with respect to the accumulated quality of the mold products; a tendency evaluation unit which evaluates a quality change tendency with respect to a prescribed standard quality on the basis of the quality transition; a relationship storage unit which stores a relationship between the quality change tendency and a modification amount of the molding conditions for returning the quality to the standard quality; and a modification conditions determination unit which determines the modification amount of the molding conditions on the basis of the quality change tendency and the relationship.

Abstract: An electrophotographic member includes a base layer, an elastic layer, and a surface layer stacked in this order. The surface layer contains a fluorine resin and a fluorine rubber, the fluorine rubber is contained at a proportion of 0.5 parts by mass or more and 1.0 parts by mass or less with respect to 1 part by mass of the fluorine resin, and the surface layer further contains a compound represented by formula (1): CH3(CH2)m—O—((CH2)lO)n—OH??(1) In formula (1), m, l, and n each independently represent an integer of 1 or more.

Abstract: An electrophotographic belt comprising: a substrate and an elastic layer on an outer peripheral surface of the substrate, the elastic layer comprising a cured rubber product including a cured silicone rubber product, an elastic modulus of the elastic layer at a temperature of 23° C. being 1.00 MPa or less, wherein when 1 g sample collected from the elastic layer is immersed in 50 ml of toluene at a temperature of 23° C. for 24 hours in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) K6258:2016, an extract of 3% by mass to 20% by mass with respect to the sample is extracted, and a burning time of the elastic layer in a burn test in accordance with UL94 VTM standard is 30 seconds or less.

Abstract: A resinous membrane comprising a resin including a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, having a water pressure resistance of 800 kPa or more, and having a moisture permeability of 1500 g/m2·day or more.

Abstract: An electrophotographic member includes a base layer, an elastic layer, and a surface layer stacked in this order. The surface layer contains a fluorine resin and a fluorine rubber, the fluorine rubber is contained at a proportion of 0.5 parts by mass or more and 1.0 parts by mass or less with respect to 1 part by mass of the fluorine resin, and the surface layer further contains a compound represented by formula (1): CH3(CH2)m—O—((CH2)lO)n—OH??(1) In formula (1), m, l, and n each independently represent an integer of 1 or more.

Abstract: Provided is a pressurizing member including a substrate, an elastic layer on the substrate, and a surface layer on the elastic layer, the surface layer containing a fluorine resin, wherein the surface layer has a surface resistivity of 1×1011[?/?] or less at a temperature of 25° C. when applying a DC voltage of 500 V, and a thermal conductivity ? in a thickness direction of the surface layer is 0.093 [W/(m·K)] or less.

Abstract: A heater element including a honeycomb structure and a functional material-containing layer, wherein the honeycomb structure has an outer peripheral wall and partition walls provided inside the outer peripheral wall, the partition walls partitioning a plurality of cells that form flow paths extending from an inlet end surface to an outlet end surface, and at least the partition walls are made of a material having PTC characteristics, and wherein the functional material-containing layer is provided on a surface of the partition walls, and a thickness of the functional material-containing layer increases from the inlet end surface toward the outlet end surface.

Abstract: A hood in which a predetermined space is formed is provided in a front portion of a traveling vehicle body, a control portion on which an operator rides is provided on a rear side of the hood, a first electric motor configured to drive rear wheels and a second electric motor configured to drive a work machine are provided on a lower rear side of a control seat of the control portion, and a battery configured to store electric power to be supplied to the first electric motor and the second electric motor is provided in the space formed by the hood.

Abstract: A pressing rotating member comprising a base layer, an elastic layer and a surface layer, in this order, the surface layer having pores, wherein when placing an observation region of 8 ?m long×11 ?m wide at a cross section of the surface layer in a thickness direction of the surface layer—a direction perpendicular to a circumferential direction of the pressing rotating member, a degree of orientation f of the pores observed in the observation region is 0.20 or higher, and an orientation angle ? of the pores observed in the observation region is 0° to 10°.

Abstract: Provided is a pressurizing member including a substrate, an elastic layer on the substrate, and a surface layer on the elastic layer, the surface layer containing a fluorine resin, wherein the surface layer has a surface resistivity of 1×1011[?/?] or less at a temperature of 25° C. when applying a DC voltage of 500 V, and a thermal conductivity ? in a thickness direction of the surface layer is 0.093 [W/(m·K)] or less.

Abstract: An electrophotographic member includes a base layer and an elastic layer on the base layer, wherein the elastic layer includes a matrix rubber, an ionic liquid including an anion and a cation, and an inorganic layered double hydroxide compound, wherein the anion is at least one selected from the group consisting of structural formulae (1) to (3), the cation is at least one selected from the group consisting of structural formulae (4) to (7), and the inorganic layered double hydroxide compound has an average value of interlayer distances of 4 ? or larger and 8 ? or smaller, which are measured by XRD.

Abstract: Provided is a fixing rotating member capable of maintaining high toner releasability over longer periods of time than in conventional instances and that is capable of maintaining abrasion resistance against paper; the fixing rotating member comprises a base layer, an elastic layer, and a surface layer, in this order; the surface layer containing a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer and a perfluoropolyether; the tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer having pores formed therein; the surface layer has pores with openings at a first surface thereof, and constituting an outer surface of the fixing rotating member; at least part of the pores containing the perfluoropolyether; a content of the perfluoropolyether in the surface layer is 20 mass % to 60 mass %; and a degree of orientation A of molecules of the tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether in a direction perpendicular to a circumferential direction of the surface layer is 35 to 75%.

Abstract: A pressing rotating member comprising a base layer, an elastic layer and a surface layer, in this order, the surface layer having pores, wherein when placing an observation region of 8 ?m long×11 ?m wide at a cross section of the surface layer in a thickness direction of the surface layer—a direction perpendicular to a circumferential direction of the pressing rotating member, a degree of orientation f of the pores observed in the observation region is 0.20 or higher, and an orientation angle ? of the pores observed in the observation region is 0° to 10°.

Abstract: A fixing rotating member comprising a base layer, an elastic layer and a surface layer, in this order, the surface layer containing PFA and PFPE, and having pores with openings at a first surface; at least part of the pores containing the PFPE, wherein when after removing the PFPE in the pores, placing a first observation region on the first surface, defining a ratio of a sum of areas of the openings in the first observation region relative to an area of the first observation region as P1; and placing a second observation region in a cross section of the surface layer, and defining a ratio of a sum of areas of the pores in the second observation region relative to an area of the second observation region as P2, P2/P1 is 1.3 or higher.