Abstract: A method for manufacturing a fixing member having a substrate, an elastic layer on the substrate, and a release layer on the elastic layer, having a thickness of 15 ?m or more and 25 ?m or less, and containing a fluororesin includes (1) providing a coating solution, containing: the fluororesin having a melt flow rate (MFR) of 1 g/10 min or more and 3 g/10 min or less, and an acrylic resin; (2) forming a coating film of the coating solution on the elastic layer; and (3) baking the coating film to melt the fluororesin therein, covering a surface of the elastic layer with the melted fluororesin, and forming the release layer.

Abstract: Provided are an electrophotographic member having excellent durability and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus. The electrophotographic member includes: an elastic layer including a silicone rubber; an intermediate layer including at least one of an aromatic polyimide and an aromatic polyamideimide, and a fluororesin; and a surface layer including a fluororesin, in which the aromatic polyimide or the aromatic polyamideimide is bonded to the silicone rubber through an amide bond-containing group, and in which a carbon atom constituting the amide bond is directly bonded to a carbon atom constituting an aromatic ring in a molecule of the aromatic polyimide or aromatic polyamideimide.

Abstract: Provided are an electrophotographic member having excellent durability and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus. The electrophotographic member includes: an elastic layer including a silicone rubber; an intermediate layer including at least one of an aromatic polyimide and an aromatic polyamideimide, and a fluororesin; and a surface layer including a fluororesin, in which the aromatic polyimide or the aromatic polyamideimide is bonded to the silicone rubber through an amide bond-containing group, and in which a carbon atom constituting the amide bond is directly bonded to a carbon atom constituting an aromatic ring in a molecule of the aromatic polyimide or aromatic polyamideimide.

Abstract: A rotatable fixing member includes an elastic layer, a primer layer provided on the elastic layer, and a parting layer provided on the primer layer. The primer layer contains a crystalline fluorocarbon polymer having a functional group and has a thickness of 850 nm or less. The parting layer is a coating layer of a crystalline fluorocarbon polymer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic endless metallic belt is provided with improved crack resistance to repeated bending and rubbing against a control member coming into contact therewith, thereby improving its durability. Each edge face of the metallic belt is so shaped as to have a ridge between an outer-surface edge and an inner-surface edge of the metallic belt. As a result, internal stress in the part of the belt that contacts the control member, as a result of contact therewith, is reduced.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel having a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of transparent substrates, at least one of which has patterned electrodes on an inner surface thereof, and a backlight disposed behind the liquid crystal display panel. The backlight has at least one discharge tube including a sealed-off transparent tube, a phosphor film formed on an inner surface of the sealed-off transparent tube, and a discharge gas within the sealed-off transparent tube and plural electrodes spaced in a direction of an axis of the sealed-off transparent tube and positioned at least partially around a circumference of the sealed-off transparent tube. At least two adjacent ones of the plural electrodes is supplied with alternating voltages different in frequency from each other, respectively.

Abstract: A rotatable fixing member includes an elastic layer, a primer layer provided on the elastic layer, and a parting layer provided on the primer layer. The primer layer contains a crystalline fluorocarbon polymer having a functional group and has a thickness of 850 nm or less. The parting layer is a coating layer of a crystalline fluorocarbon polymer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic endless metallic belt is provided that has been kept from coming to crack and from further cracking on as a result of its repeated bend and rubbing with a member coming into touch therewith, and has been improved in durability. Each edge face of the metallic belt is so shaped as to have a ridge between an outer-surface edge and an inner-surface edge of the metallic belt. Thus, it follows that the metallic belt comes into touch with the part that may cause a small internal stress by bending, at the part rubbing with the member coming into touch with the belt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to providing anti-caking agent and additive for granulated blast furnace slag or mechanically stabilized product thereof. The anti-caking agent of the present invention contains component A: gluconic acid and/or a salt thereof, and component B: copolymer and/or a salt thereof of C5-6 chained olefin and one or more monomers selected from maleic anhydride, maleic acid or their esterified product, (meth)acrylic acid or its esterified product. The additive of the present invention contains component (I): an anti-caking agent for granulated blast furnace slag, and component (II): an anti-foaming agent selected from one or more kinds based on block and/or random copolymer of polyethylene oxide and propylene oxide, silicone, mineral oil, alcohol, fatty acid ester, and polyether.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel having a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of transparent substrates, at least one of which has patterned electrodes on an inner surface thereof, and a backlight disposed behind the liquid crystal display panel. The backlight has at least one discharge tube including a sealed-off transparent tube, a phosphor film formed on an inner surface of the sealed-off transparent tube, and a discharge gas within the sealed-off transparent tube and plural electrodes spaced in a direction of an axis of the sealed-off transparent tube and positioned at least partially around a circumference of the sealed-off transparent tube. At least two adjacent ones of the plural electrodes is supplied with alternating voltages different in frequency from each other, respectively.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel and a backlight disposed behind the liquid crystal display panel. The backlight includes: a light source including a discharge tube having no electrodes therein, and first and second electrodes disposed outside the discharge tube; and a power source which supplies first and second high-frequency voltages to the first and second electrodes, respectively. The first and second electrodes are disposed at two ends of the discharge tube in a direction of a longitudinal axis thereof, respectively. A length of a first wiring for coupling the power source to the first electrode is approximately equal to a length of a second wiring for coupling the power source to the second electrode.

Abstract: A rotational angle detector has a rotary body, a first detecting unit rotating in cooperation with the rotary body, a second detecting unit rotating in cooperation with the first detecting unit, and an auxiliary detecting unit rotating in cooperation with the rotary body and the second detecting unit. The rotational angle detector has a first detecting element, a second detecting element, and a controller. The first detecting element detects rotation of the first detecting unit, and the second detecting element detects rotation of the second detecting unit. The controller detects a rotational angle of the rotary body based on a detection signal supplied from the first detecting element and a detection signal supplied from the second detecting element.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel and a backlight disposed behind the liquid crystal display panel. The backlight includes: a light source including a discharge tube having no electrodes therein, and first and second electrodes disposed outside the discharge tube; and a power source which supplies first and second high-frequency voltages to the first and second electrodes, respectively. The first and second electrodes are disposed at two ends of the discharge tube in a direction of a longitudinal axis thereof, respectively. A length of a first wiring for coupling the power source to the first electrode is approximately equal to a length of a second wiring for coupling the power source to the second electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel having a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of transparent substrates, at least one of which has patterned electrodes on an inner surface thereof, and a backlight disposed behind the liquid crystal display panel. The backlight has at least one discharge tube including a sealed-off transparent tube, a phosphor film formed on an inner surface of the sealed-off transparent tube, and a discharge gas within the sealed-off transparent tube and plural electrodes spaced in a direction of an axis of the sealed-off transparent tube and positioned at least partially around a circumference of the sealed-off transparent tube. At least two adjacent ones of the plural electrodes is supplied with alternating voltages different in frequency from each other, respectively.

Abstract: A rotational angle detector has a rotary body, a first detecting unit rotating in cooperation with the rotary body, a second detecting unit rotating in cooperation with the first detecting unit, and an auxiliary detecting unit rotating in cooperation with the rotary body and the second detecting unit. The rotational angle detector has a first detecting element, a second detecting element, and a controller. The first detecting element detects rotation of the first detecting unit, and the second detecting element detects rotation of the second detecting unit. The controller detects a rotational angle of the rotary body based on a detection signal supplied from the first detecting element and a detection signal supplied from the second detecting element.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel having a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of transparent substrates, at least one of which has patterned electrodes on an inner surface thereof, and a backlight disposed behind the liquid crystal display panel. The backlight has at least one discharge tube including a sealed-off transparent tube, a phosphor film formed on an inner surface of the sealed-off transparent tube, and a discharge gas within the sealed-off transparent tube and plural electrodes spaced in a direction of an axis of the sealed-off transparent tube and positioned at least partially around a circumference of the sealed-off transparent tube. At least two adjacent ones of the plural electrodes is supplied with alternating voltages different in frequency from each other, respectively.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel having a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of transparent substrates, at least one of which has patterned electrodes on an inner surface thereof, and a backlight disposed behind the liquid crystal display panel. The backlight has at least one discharge tube including a sealed-off transparent tube, a phosphor film formed on an inner surface of the sealed-off transparent tube, and a discharge gas within the sealed-off transparent tube and plural electrodes spaced in a direction of an axis of the sealed-off transparent tube and positioned at least partially around a circumference of the sealed-off transparent tube. At least two adjacent ones of the plural electrodes is supplied with alternating voltages different in frequency from each other, respectively.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel having a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of transparent substrates, at least one of which has patterned electrodes on an inner surface thereof, and a backlight disposed behind the liquid crystal display panel. The backlight has at least one discharge tube including a sealed-off transparent tube, a phosphor film formed on an inner surface of the sealed-off transparent tube, and a discharge gas within the sealed-off transparent tube and plural electrodes spaced in a direction of an axis of the sealed-off transparent tube and positioned at least partially around a circumference of the sealed-off transparent tube. At least two adjacent ones of the plural electrodes is supplied with alternating voltages different in frequency from each other, respectively.