Abstract: A nucleoside that is more practical for RNA pharmaceuticals and other applications and use thereof is represented by formula (1) or (2) below, or a salt thereof: (In formula (1), R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyl group in which a hydrogen atom is substituted by an alkyl group or alkenyl group, or a protected group, and in formula (2), X represents a halogen atom. In formula (1) and formula (2), R2 and R3 may be the same or different, and each represents a hydrogen atom etc., R4 represents NHR7 (in which R7 represents a hydrogen atom etc., and B represent represents any of a purine-9-yl group, 2-oxo-pyrimidin-1-yl group, substituted purine-9-yl group or substituted 2-oxo-pyrimidin-1-yl group).

Abstract: An information processing apparatus acquires second information and third information based on first information for identifying a specific vehicle. The second information is information about a vehicle part that is attachable to the specific vehicle. The third information is information about a vehicle part that is currently attached to the specific vehicle. The information processing apparatus identifies a specific part that is a vehicle part that is to be proposed to be attached to the specific vehicle, based on the second information and the third information. The information processing apparatus transmits information about the specific part to a terminal associated with a user of the specific vehicle.

Abstract: A management system includes a course data generation unit that generates course data for each of a plurality of unmanned vehicles such that loading work for the plurality of unmanned vehicles by a loader is sequentially performed on a work site where a plurality of the loaders operates; and a priority determination unit that determine a passage order at an intersection on the work site of the plurality of unmanned vehicles traveling according to the course data so as to reduce a total loading loss indicating a total of loss amounts in operation of each of the plurality of the loaders.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus comprises a controller configured to acquire work information indicating details of work to be done on a first vehicle, and determine a first site where the work indicated by the work information is available, based on first data associating details of work that is available with each of a plurality of sites.

Abstract: A training image that simulates a character block entered by part of a character in another row is generated efficiently. A noise is added in the vicinity of an end portion of a character image so that a noise that seems to be caused by entering of part of a character in another row is reproduced for the character image representing a handwritten character.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries includes a lithium composite metal compound containing secondary particles that are aggregates of primary particles which are capable of being doped or dedoped with lithium ions and satisfies all of specific requirements (1) to (4).

Abstract: An information processing apparatus obtains first information about first prescribed equipment. The first prescribed equipment is equipment that is not currently installed on a vehicle owned by a user, but has been considered by the user to be installed on the vehicle in the past. Then, the information processing apparatus determines the first prescribed equipment as equipment that is proposed to the user to be newly installed on the vehicle.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus obtains information about prescribed equipment. The prescribed equipment is equipment that corresponds to a vehicle owned by a user, and is specified by a manufacturer of the vehicle as equipment that can be selected by the user. Then, the information processing apparatus proposes to the user that the prescribed equipment be newly installed on the vehicle, at a predetermined proposal timing set based on a legally defined inspection timing of the vehicle.

Abstract: A determining method for determining a state of a road surface includes: sequentially acquiring a rotational speed of tires mounted on the vehicle, sequentially acquiring a driving force of the vehicle, calculating a slip ratio based on the sequentially acquired rotational speed of the tires, calculating a regression equation and a confidence interval width for a relationship between the slip ratio and the driving force, based on data sets of the slip ratio and the driving force in a predetermined zone, and determining a state of the road surface on which the vehicle travels, based on the confidence interval width calculated for the predetermined zone.

Abstract: A first paint color is acquired as a color of a paint of a first vehicle. A second paint color is acquired as a color of a paint including a peelable layer and to be applied over at least a part of the paint in the first paint color. A current or future valuation price of the first vehicle is acquired based on the first paint color or the second paint color.

Abstract: An information processing device includes a control unit that acquires a request from a first user to move a component included in a first vehicle from the first vehicle and determines, in response to a request from a second user to move the component to a second vehicle, a possible reservation time of a predetermined facility at which the component is to be moved based on the request from the first vehicle.

Abstract: A controller is provided which is configured to perform receiving, from a terminal of a user, a request for moving a component included in a first vehicle to a second vehicle, and generating, upon receipt of the request from the terminal of the user, information for reserving a predetermined facility in which the component is moved from the first vehicle to the second vehicle.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a processor that: receives, from a user terminal, a request for first update regarding a first vehicle, notifies the user terminal that the first update is to be performed at a shop, when the first update is update of hardware, and notifies the user terminal that the first update is to be performed through wireless communication, when the first update is update of software.

Abstract: A controller of the information processing apparatus calculates a sale price of a second component selected to be sold by a user of a vehicle, based on information indicating a value of the second component, and subtracts the sale price of the second component from a cost of installing a first component. The second component is either a component bound to be removed from the vehicle when installing the first component in the vehicle other than a component to be replaced with the first component, or a component bound to be removed from the vehicle when the first component is installed in the vehicle in a case where there is no component to be replaced with the first component in the vehicle.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries which is able to doped/undoped with lithium ions and contains at least Ni, in which a ratio P/Q (atom %/mass %) of a concentration P (atom %) of sulfur atoms being present in a surface of the positive electrode active material to a concentration Q (mass %) of sulfuric acid radicals being present in the whole positive electrode active material is more than 0.8 and less than 5.0, and the Q (mass %) is 0.01 or more and 2.0 or less.

Abstract: The technology notification system includes a server which stores new technology data related to a new technology whose technical effect has been confirmed by racing a racing vehicle incorporated with the new technology in a motor racing event, and a distribution device which distributes technology notification information related to the new technology data.

Abstract: An estimation apparatus includes a rotation speed acquisition unit, a driving force acquisition unit, a slip ratio calculation unit, a slope calculation unit, and an estimation unit. The rotation speed acquisition unit sequentially acquires rotation speeds of the tires. The driving force acquisition unit sequentially acquires a driving force of the vehicle. The slip ratio calculation unit calculates a slip ratio based on the sequentially-acquired rotation speeds of the tires. The slope calculation unit calculates the slope of the slip ratio with respect to the driving force based on a large number of data sets of the slip ratio and the driving force, as a regression coefficient representing a linear relationship between the slip ratio and the driving force. The estimation unit estimates the wear state of the tires based on the slope.

Abstract: The present invention provides a positive electrode active material precursor for a lithium secondary battery, in which the positive electrode active material precursor is represented by the following composition formula (I), a ratio (?/?) between a half width ? of a peak that is present within a range of a diffraction angle 2?=19.2±1° and a half width ? of a peak that is present within a range of 2?=38.5±1° is equal to or greater than 0.9 in powder X-ray diffraction measurement using a CuK? beam: NixCoyMnzMw(OH)2??(I) [0.7?x<1.0, 0<y?0.20, 0?z?0.20, 0?w?0.1, and x+y+z+w=1 are satisfied, and M is one or more selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Cr, Mo, W, Fe, Ru, Cu, Zn, B, Al, Ga, Si, Sn, P, and Bi].

Abstract: A rail including a predetermined chemical composition is provided, in which 90 area % or greater of a metallographic structure in a cross section of a rail web portion is a pearlite structure, a minimum value of a hardness in the cross section of the rail web portion is Hv 300 or greater, and a difference between a maximum value and the minimum value of the hardness in the cross section of the rail web portion is Hv 40 or less.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery includes secondary particles which are aggregates of primary particles that are capable of being doped and dedoped with lithium ions, in which the secondary particles have a total specific surface area of pores having a pore radius of 10 nm or more and 50 nm or less of 0.27 m2/g or more and 0.90 m2/g or less in a pore distribution measured by a mercury porosimetry method.