Abstract: A rail including a predetermined chemical composition is provided, in which 90 area % or greater of a metallographic structure in a cross section of a rail web portion is a pearlite structure, a minimum value of a hardness in the cross section of the rail web portion is Hv 300 or greater, and a difference between a maximum value and the minimum value of the hardness in the cross section of the rail web portion is Hv 40 or less.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery includes secondary particles which are aggregates of primary particles that are capable of being doped and dedoped with lithium ions, in which the secondary particles have a total specific surface area of pores having a pore radius of 10 nm or more and 50 nm or less of 0.27 m2/g or more and 0.90 m2/g or less in a pore distribution measured by a mercury porosimetry method.

Abstract: A precursor for lithium secondary battery positive electrode active materials containing at least nickel, in which the following formula (1) is satisfied. 0.20?Dmin/Dmax??(1) (in the formula (1), Dmin is a minimum particle diameter (?m) in a cumulative particle size distribution curve obtained by measuring the precursor for lithium secondary battery positive electrode active materials with a laser diffraction-type particle size distribution measuring instrument, and Dmax is a maximum particle diameter (?m) in the cumulative particle size distribution curve obtained by the measurement with the laser diffraction-type particle size distribution measuring instrument.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries, includes: a lithium composite metal compound containing secondary particles formed by aggregation of primary particles; and a lithium-containing tungsten oxide, in which the lithium-containing tungsten oxide is present at least in interparticle spaces of the primary particles, and in a pore distribution of the positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries measured by a mercury intrusion method, a surface area of pores having a pore diameter in a range of 10 nm or more to 200 nm or less is 0.4 m2/g or more and 3.0 m2/g or less.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a telematics control unit configured to communicate with a telematics server via a base station, a communication interface for communication with a wireless communication terminal connected to a cellular network, a first obtainment circuit configured to obtain a communication quality of a first communication path for connecting to the telematics server via the telematics control unit and the base station, a second obtainment circuit configured to obtain a communication quality of a second communication path for connecting to the telematics server via the communication interface, the wireless communication terminal, and the cellular network, and a selection circuit configured to select a communication path with a superior communication quality from among the first communication path and the second communication path based on the communication quality of the first communication path and the communication quality of the second communication path.

Abstract: Provided are a lithium composite metal compound having excellent cycle characteristics in the case of being used as battery materials, a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery using the same, a positive electrode using the same, and a lithium secondary battery using the same. The lithium composite metal compound is represented by Composition Formula (I), in which physical property values of pores that are obtained from measurement of nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms at a liquid nitrogen temperature satisfy requirements (1) and (2).

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries, includes: a lithium composite metal compound containing secondary particles formed by aggregation of primary particles; and a lithium-containing tungsten oxide, in which the lithium-containing tungsten oxide is present at least in interparticle spaces of the primary particles, and in a pore distribution of the positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries measured by a mercury intrusion method, a surface area of pores having a pore diameter in a range of 10 nm or more to 200 nm or less is 0.4 m2/g or more and 3.0 m2/g or less.

Abstract: A lithium composite metal oxide containing a secondary particle that is an aggregate of primary particles, in which, when a cross-sectional image of the secondary particle is acquired, and the cross-sectional image is observed, a content proportion of reference primary particles present in a central part of the secondary particle is 20% or more and 50% or less, and a content proportion of reference primary particles present in a surface part of the secondary particle is 30% or more and 100% or less.

Abstract: A nucleoside that is more practical for RNA pharmaceuticals and other applications and use thereof is represented by formula (1) or (2) below, or a salt thereof: (In formula (1), R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyl group in which a hydrogen atom is substituted by an alkyl group or alkenyl group, or a protected group, and in formula (2), X represents a halogen atom. In formula (1) and formula (2), R2 and R3 may be the same or different, and each represents a hydrogen atom etc., R4 represents NHR7 (in which R7 represents a hydrogen atom etc., and B represent represents any of a purine-9-yl group, 2-oxo-pyrimidin-1-yl group, substituted purine-9-yl group or substituted 2-oxo-pyrimidin-1-yl group).

Abstract: A road surface condition estimation device includes a control circuit, an acquisition circuit and an estimation circuit. The control circuit is configured to control a driving device that is able to independently drive a plurality of wheels. The acquisition circuit is configured to acquire detection results of a plurality of wheel speed sensors that detects rotation speeds of the plurality of wheels respectively. The estimation circuit is configured to calculate a slip ratio for each driving wheel, based on a detection result of a first wheel speed sensor and a detection result of a second wheel sensor. The estimation circuit is configured to estimate a friction coefficient for each region on a road surface that corresponds to the driving wheel, based on the slip ratio.

Abstract: This lithium-containing transition metal composite oxide includes secondary particles that are aggregates of primary particles into or from which lithium ions are dopable or dedopable, and satisfies the following conditions: (1) the lithium-containing transition metal composite oxide is represented by Formula (I), Li[Lix(Ni(1-y-z-w)CoyMnzMw)1-x]O2??(I) (2) from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, a specific ? is calculated for each of the surface of the secondary particle and the inside of the secondary particle, and when the ? value of the surface of the secondary particle is referred to as ?1 and the ? value of the inside of the secondary particle is referred to as ?2, ?1 and ?2 satisfy the condition of Formula (II). 0.3??1/?2?1.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a telematics control unit configured to communicate with a telematics server via a base station, a communication interface for communication with a wireless communication terminal connected to a cellular network, a first obtainment circuit configured to obtain a communication quality of a first communication path for connecting to the telematics server via the telematics control unit and the base station, a second obtainment circuit configured to obtain a communication quality of a second communication path for connecting to the telematics server via the communication interface, the wireless communication terminal, and the cellular network, and a selection circuit configured to select a communication path with a superior communication quality from among the first communication path and the second communication path based oil the communication quality of the first communication path and the communication quality of the second communication path.

Abstract: Provided is a wheel load estimation device configured to acquire wheel speed information of each wheel included in a vehicle from a wheel speed sensor provided in the vehicle; to calculate a front-rear load ratio and a left-right load ratio based on the wheel speed information; and to calculate a wheel load ratio expressing a relative wheel load between the wheels included in the vehicle, with respect to at least one wheel of the vehicle, based on the front-rear load ratio and the left-right load ratio. The front-rear load ratio is a ratio between a load applied to a front wheel of the vehicle and a load applied to a rear wheel of the vehicle, and the left-right load ratio is a ratio between a load applied to a left wheel of the vehicle and a load applied to a right wheel of the vehicle.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery includes secondary particles which are aggregates of primary particles that are capable of being doped and dedoped with lithium ions, in which the secondary particles have a total specific surface area of pores having a pore radius of 10 nm or more and 50 nm or less of 0.27 m2/g or more and 0.90 m2/g or less in a pore distribution measured by a mercury porosimetry method.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries includes a lithium composite metal compound containing secondary particles that are aggregates of primary particles which are capable of being doped or dedoped with lithium ions and satisfies all of specific requirements (1) to (4)

Abstract: The present invention provides a positive electrode active material precursor for a lithium secondary battery, in which the positive electrode active material precursor is represented by the following composition formula (I), a ratio (?/?) between a half width ? of a peak that is present within a range of a diffraction angle 2?=19.2±1° and a half width ? of a peak that is present within a range of 2?=38.5±1° is equal to or greater than 0.9 in powder X-ray diffraction measurement using a CuK? beam: NixCoyMnzMw(OH)2??(I) [0.7?x<1.0, 0<y?0.20, 0?z?0.20, 0?w?0.1, and x+y+z+w=1 are satisfied, and M is one or more selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Cr, Mo, W, Fe, Ru, Cu, Zn, B, Al, Ga, Si, Sn, P, and Bi].

Abstract: Provided is a device for detecting a low-pressure state of a predetermined tire, comprising an index value calculation unit, a resonance frequency calculation unit and a low-pressure detection unit. The index value calculation unit calculates a low-pressure index value from wheel speed information of front and rear tires, the low-pressure index value being obtained by comparing rotation speeds of the front and rear tires. The resonance frequency calculation unit calculates a resonance frequency from wheel speed information of a tire. The low-pressure detection unit eliminates an influence of an imposed load on a vehicle and detects the low-pressure state of the predetermined tire based on: a predetermined parameter that indicates a linear relationship between the resonance frequency and the low-pressure index value under a low-pressure condition of the predetermined tire; the low-pressure index value thus calculated; and the resonance frequency thus calculated.

Abstract: Provided is a wheel load estimation device configured to acquire wheel speed information of each wheel included in a vehicle from a wheel speed sensor provided in the vehicle; to calculate a front-rear load ratio and a left-right load ratio based on the wheel speed information; and to calculate a wheel load ratio expressing a relative wheel load between the wheels included in the vehicle, with respect to at least one wheel of the vehicle, based on the front-rear load ratio and the left-right load ratio. The front-rear load ratio is a ratio between a load applied to a front wheel of the vehicle and a load applied to a rear wheel of the vehicle, and the left-right load ratio is a ratio between a load applied to a left wheel of the vehicle and a load applied to a right wheel of the vehicle.

Abstract: Provided is a rotation speed correction apparatus configured to correct a rotation speed of a driving wheel tire mounted on a vehicle, and includes a comparative value calculation unit, a torque obtainment unit, and a rotation speed calculation unit. The comparative value calculation unit calculates a comparative value between a rotation speed of the driving wheel tire and a rotation speed of a following wheel tire mounted on the vehicle on the basis of the rotation speeds of the driving wheel tire and the following wheel tire. The torque obtainment unit obtains a wheel torque. The rotation speed calculation unit identifies a linear relationship between the comparative value and the wheel torque, and on the basis of the rotation speed of the following wheel tire and the linear relationship, calculates a rotation speed of the driving wheel tire in which influence of slippage has been eliminated.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for lithium secondary batteries which is able to doped/undoped with lithium ions and contains at least Ni, in which a ratio P/Q (atom %/mass %) of a concentration P (atom %) of sulfur atoms being present in a surface of the positive electrode active material to a concentration Q (mass %) of sulfuric acid radicals being present in the whole positive electrode active material is more than 0.8 and less than 5.0, and the Q (mass %) is 0.01 or more and 2.0 or less.