Abstract: A gas sensor is proposed, which can detect a gas by a novel configuration while reduction in size is achieved. The gas sensor (1) does not need a light absorption path as in a prior art so that the size can be reduced correspondingly. Further, in the gas sensor (1), a gas is absorbed in an ionic liquid (IL), and a dielectric constant of the ionic liquid (IL) that changes by absorbing the gas can be measured according to a change in light intensity that occurs by a surface plasmon resonance phenomenon in a metal layer (7). Thus, the gas sensor (1) including the novel configuration that can detect a gas based on the change in the light intensity can be realized.

Abstract: A control device is a control device for an energy treatment tool including a first holding member and a second holding member which hold a biological tissue, and a heating element configured to generate heat corresponding to supplied power, thereby heating a holding surface. The control device includes a temperature acquiring section that acquires a temperature of the heating element; and a surface temperature estimating section that estimates, as a surface temperature, a temperature of at least a part of a surface of the first holding member which is different from a portion facing the second holding member, based on a change of the temperature of the heating element after supply of the power is stopped.

Abstract: A treatment device includes an insertion portion, an end effector, a grasp portion, a transmitting member, a first locking portion, a second locking portion, and an operational body. The operational body is configured to switch between a first position where the transmitting member is moved forward along the longitudinal axis of the insertion portion to keep the end effector in a first state to extend along the longitudinal axis to the distal end of the insertion portion along the longitudinal axis, and a second position where the transmitting member is moved backward along the longitudinal axis of the insertion portion to keep the end effector in a second state to be rotated relative to the longitudinal axis with respect to the distal end of the insertion portion.

Abstract: A treatment instrument includes a first clamping surface, a second clamping surface configured to cooperate with the first clamping surface and to clamp a living body tissue, a pressure application member provided on one of the first and second clamping surfaces, and configured to apply a pressure to the living body tissue in a line shape by causing the first and second clamping surfaces to relatively approach each other, and a moving mechanism provided on the first clamping surface, and configured to move the first clamping surface in a manner to apply tensile forces to the living body tissue, clamped between the first and second clamping surfaces, in directions deviating away from a direction along a line formed on the living body tissue by the pressure application member.

Abstract: To propose an oral cavity sensor capable of analyzing tongue movements in more detail than before. In an oral cavity sensor (1) which is even provided with a sensor element (7) having a mechanical configuration capable of measuring each of external force components in three axis directions, the sensor element (7) can be protected by an elastic body (9), and the whole of the elastic body (9) is covered with the coating film (11a) made of a biocompatible material. Thereby, the sensor element (7) and the elastic body (9) can be safely attached in an oral cavity (MT) of a subject (EXA), and can measure each of the external force components in the three axis directions. As a result, on the basis of the external force components in the three axis directions, complicated tongue movements at the time of mastication or swallowing in the oral cavity (MT) can be analyzed in more detail than before.

Abstract: A treatment device to treat a living tissue, includes: first and second holding portions; a rotary member including a working portion including an edge portion which is rotated around a central axis equal to or substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis, the rotary member capable of moving the edge portion from the first holding portion to the second holding portion; a first guide portion provided in the first holding portion and capable of guiding the edge portion toward the second holding portion through the holding surface of the first holding portion; and a second guide portion provided in the second holding portion, and capable of guiding the edge portion to the second holding portion through the holding surface of the first holding portion.

Abstract: A treatment device rotates a second rotation portion by operating an operation element. The second rotation portion switches between a first rotation position and a second rotation position. A direction of the end effector relative to the distal end of the sheath is changed in the first rotation position. A position of the end effector relative to the distal end of the sheath is maintained in the second rotation position.

Abstract: A handle includes a first operation input body provided on a handle main body and configured to rotate in first and second directions to operate a first end effector; an interlock body rotatable relative to the first operation input body; an engaging portion provided in the interlock body and configured to be engaged with the handle main body and to restrict rotation of the first operation input body in the second direction when the first operation input body is rotated in the first direction; and a second operation input body configured to rotate to operate a second end effector, and disengage the engaging portion from the handle main body by pressing the interlock body.

Abstract: A treatment device includes: a treatment portion including an abutment surface which is abutted on the living body tissue, and a back surface opposed to the abutment surface, the treatment portion being capable of applying energy to the living body tissue via the abutment surface, and heat being transferred toward the back surface in accordance with the application of the energy; a cover covering the back surface of the treatment portion; and an adjuster disposed between the treatment portion and the cover, and configured to vary a distance between the treatment portion and the cover, and to adjust an air layer region between the treatment portion and the cover.

Abstract: A retaining device includes a first member, a second member, a third member, a support section supporting the first member and supporting the second member and the third member movably relative to the first member, and a manipulation part moving the first member, the second member, and the third member relative to each other. The first member and the third member can grasp a first tissue with the first tissue disposed between the first member and the second member and between the first member and the third member, and the first member and the second member can grasp the first tissue and a second tissue such that the second tissue is disposed between the first member and the second member and between the second member and the third member to contact with the first tissue with the first member and the third member grasping the first tissue.

Abstract: A position detecting device that includes a recording medium provided with a first recording track in which a non-repetitive signal composed of binary information is recorded and a second recording track in which a signal for specifying a reading section within a section of information of 1 unit for the non-repetitive signal and information reading means that includes a first detection head and a second detection head and for reading each 1 unit information of the non-repetitive signal from the first recording track by using the first detection head in the reading section within a section of information of 1 unit for the non-repetitive signal specified based upon the signal recorded in the second recording track by the second detection head.

Abstract: A vaginal wall incision instrument includes a main body portion that is capable of being inserted into a vaginal canal; an incision portion that protrudes from a distal portion of the main body portion in a direction intersecting a center line of the vaginal canal and is formed by a conductive material; and an operating portion, wherein the main body portion includes an exterior portion and an interior portion, wherein the interior portion includes a contact portion, wherein a guide hole is configured on the interior portion, wherein the guide hole is capable of guiding the conductive member in a direction toward a boundary between the uterine cervix and the vaginal canal, and wherein the incision portion separates the vaginal canal along a circumference whose center is the center line of rotation by rotating the interior portion about the center line of rotation with respect to the exterior portion.

Abstract: A treatment device which applies energy to a biological tissue to treat the biological tissue, includes: an interlocking mechanism that regulates at least one of a closing time until first and second jaws reach a closed state from an opened state when one operation is input into an operating body for a handle, and a unit closing amount from the opened state toward the closed state, interlocks at least one of the first and second jaws with the operating body, and is interposed between the operating body and the handle; and an elastic member that is disposed in the interlocking mechanism, couples the operating body with the handle, pulls the operating body toward the handle at a constant load or a constant pressure, and regulates the closing time until the closed state is reached from the opened state.

Abstract: A gas sensor that can enhance gas detection sensitivity more than the conventional sensors with a simple configuration is proposed. An electric double layer including a gate insulating layer is formed in an ionic liquid (IL), a change of a state of the gate insulating layer in the ionic liquid (IL) that occurs by absorbing a gas is directly reflected in a source-drain current (Isd) that flows in a carbon nanotube (8). Therefore, the gas detection sensitivity can be enhanced more than in the conventional sensors. Further, since the ionic liquid (IL) can be simply provided on a substrate (2) to be in contact with the carbon nanotube (8) and a gate electrode (7), the configuration that chemically modifies a surface of the carbon nanotube with a plurality of polymers as in the conventional gas sensors is not needed, and the configuration can be simplified correspondingly.

Abstract: A treatment device configured to hold a living tissue includes a swing member supported by a first grasping member and rotatable in a first direction and in an opposite direction opposite to the first direction. A support shaft of the swing member is supported on a side close to the distal end including a middle position between the distal end and the proximal end. A first holding surface is provided on the swing member close to a side of the second grasping member and grasps the living tissue. A second holding surface is provided on the second grasping member close to a side of the swing member and which faces the first holding surface and which is configured to hold the living tissue together with the first holding surface of the swing member.

Abstract: A highly accurate position detection is performed by the use of a magneto-resistance effect element such as a TMR element. At least two magnetic detecting elements 21-1 and 21-2 are provided to detect leakage magnetism from a scale 11 having a magnetic signal magnetically recorded thereon, and to output a recording signal of a position where the leakage magnetism is detected. The at least two magnetic detecting elements 21-1 and 21-2 are disposed side by side in a direction y perpendicular to a direction x of scanning the scale 11 and also disposed at positions approximately equidistant from a magnetic signal recording surface of the scale 11.

Abstract: A treatment instrument configured to treat living tissue by applying energy includes: first and second holding members; a swing member supported by the first holding member and being rotatable in a first direction and in a second direction opposite to the first direction on a rotation axis as a supporting point; a limiting portion which limits rotation of the swing member in one of the first and second directions; a first holding surface provided on the side of the swing member close to the second holding member and configured to hold living tissue; a second holding surface provided on the side of the second holding member close to the swing member and cooperating with the first holding surface of the swing member to hold the living tissue; and a protrusion forming a clearance between the first and second holding surfaces when the first and second holding surfaces are relatively closed.

Abstract: To propose a gas sensor and a gas sensor structural body that can improve detection sensitivity of gas more than in the conventional gas sensors with a simple configuration. A graphene (8) between a source electrode (3) and a drain electrode (4) is provided in an ion liquid (L), whereby a state change of charges in the ion liquid (L) caused by absorption of gas is directly reflected on a source-drain current (Isd) that flows in the graphene (8). Therefore, it is possible to improve detection sensitivity of the gas more than in the conventional gas sensors. The graphene (8) only has to be provided to be disposed in the ion liquid (L). Therefore, unlike in the conventional gas sensors, a configuration in which carbon nanotubes are surface-chemically modified by a plurality of polymers is unnecessary. Therefore, it is possible to simplify a configuration.

Abstract: A magnetism detecting element detects a leakage magnetism from a scale, on which a magnetic signal with a constant period is recorded, and a relative position between the scale and the magnetism detecting element is detected. The magnetism detecting elements are arranged, along a detection direction of the magnetic signal relative to the scale, in a pattern with a pitch of 1/2n (n is a prime number of 3 or more) of a wavelength ?? of a signal output by the element. Furthermore, as the pattern for cancelling m odd-order harmonics, the m-th power of 2 magnetism detecting elements are arranged within a range in which a pitch distance L of the magnetism detecting element farthest in the detection direction is expressed by L=(??/2)×(1/3+1/5+1/7+ . . . 1/(2m+1)).

Abstract: Provided is a medical treatment instrument including: a pair of openable/closable pinching portions that pinch a body tissue via a pair of pinching surfaces facing each other; an energy output section provided in at least one of the pair of pinching portions, the energy output section including an energy application surface as at least one of the pair of pinching surfaces; a cutting member capable of advancing/retracting inside the pinching portion; a guiding groove including a recess portion in the energy application surface, the guiding groove guiding the cutting member; and a plurality of gap maintaining portions provided at a fixed interval along an axial direction at an end face of the guiding groove in such a manner that the end face on the guiding groove side and an inner face on the energy output section side are flush with each other.