Abstract: A cutting tool comprising a base material and a coating, wherein the coating includes a first layer having a multilayer structure in which a first unit layer and a second unit layer; a thickness of the first unit layer is 2 nm or more and less than 50 nm; a thickness of the second unit layer is 2 nm or more and less than 50 nm; a thickness of the first layer is 1.0 ?m or more and 20 ?m or less, the first unit layer is TiaAlbBcN, and the second unit layer is TidAleBfN, wherein 0.54?a?0.75, 0.24?b?0.45, 0<c?0.10, a+b+c=1.00, 0.44?d?0.65, -.34?e?0.55, 0<f?0.10, d+e+f=1.00, 0.05?a?d?0.20, and 0.05?e?b?0.20 are satisfied, and a percentage of the number of atoms of titanium to the total number of atoms of titanium, aluminum and boron is 50% or more in the first layer.

Abstract: A cutting tool includes a substrate and a hard layer, wherein the hard layer includes a first unit layer and a second unit layer being alternately layered in the hard layer, a thickness of the first unit layer is 2 to 100 nm, a thickness of the second unit layer is 2 to 100 nm, the first unit layer is composed of TiaAlbBcN, the second unit layer is composed TidAleBfN, an atomic ratio a satisfy 0.25?a<0.45, an atomic ratio b satisfy 0.55?b<0.75, an atomic ratio c satisfy 0<c?0.1, a total of the atomic ratios a, b and c is 1, an atomic ratio d satisfy 0.35?d<0.55, an atomic ratio e satisfy 0.45?e<0.65, an atomic ratio f satisfy 0<f?0.1, a total of the atomic ratios d, e and f is 1, the atomic ratios a and d satisfy 0.05?d?a?0.2, and the atomic ratios b and e satisfy 0.05?b?e?0.2.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing carbon monoxide or an organic compound, which includes electrolytically reducing carbon dioxide to obtain carbon monoxide or an organic compound in an electrolytic reduction apparatus having an anode, a cathode, and an electrolytic solution containing carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is selectively reduced into carbon monoxide or a specific organic compound by a potential to be applied to between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a technique of determining a time to replace a polishing pad used in a polishing apparatus for polishing a workpiece, such as wafer, substrate, or panel. A polishing apparatus (1) includes: a polishing table (5) configured to support a polishing pad (2); a polishing head (7) configured to press a workpiece (W) against a polishing surface (2a) of the polishing pad (2); a dresser (40) configured to dress the polishing surface (2a) of the polishing pad (2); a detection sensor (60) configured to detect friction between the dresser (40) and the polishing pad (2), the detection sensor (60) being fixed to the dresser (40); and a wear monitoring device (63) configured to determine a wear index value from a plurality of output values of the detection sensor (60) and generate an alarm signal when the wear index value is smaller than a predetermined lower limit.

Abstract: In this webbing take-up device, teeth are formed on flange portions of a rotational member that are disposed opposing each other. The teeth are provided on mutually opposing sides of the flange portions. Discharge portions are formed in the teeth on a rotational center side of the rotational member, and tooth spaces that are adjacent via the teeth are communicated with each other by the discharge portions. Because of the discharge portions, shavings can be discharged, and the shavings can be inhibited from collecting in the tooth spaces.

Abstract: In this webbing take-up device, a first straight portion is set between a first bend portion and a mounting portion of a cylinder, and an axial direction base end portion of a moving member disposed inside the cylinder is disposed inside the first straight portion. Because of this, when the axial direction base end portion of the moving member extends and contracts in the axial direction, it does not receive strong resistance from the cylinder. Because of this, the axial direction base end portion of the moving member can extend and contract in the axial direction, and extension and contraction in the axial direction on the axial direction distal end side of the moving member can be inhibited.

Abstract: A machine learning method according to an embodiment is a machine learning method performed by a computer and includes the steps of: allowing a calculator to calculate output information from each of items of input information; determining whether the output information is correct or incorrect based on the output information and answer information set for the plurality of pieces of input information; allowing the calculator to calculate the output information from each of at least one first input information, which is included in the plurality of pieces of input information and corresponds to the output information determined to be incorrect, and at least one second input information included in the plurality of pieces of input information; and changing the calculator based on the output information.

Abstract: A steering device turns a tire of a vehicle of a steer-by-wire system in which a steering mechanism and a turning mechanism are mechanically separated from each other and is provided with a turning device including a turning actuator and a turning angle control device. The turning actuator turns tires according to an instructed turning angle. The turning angle control device calculates a turning angle command value corresponding to an inputted steering angle signal and generates a signal driving the turning actuator based on that turning angle command value. The turning angle control device applies limit such that the absolute value of a turning angle velocity becomes equal to or below a turning angle velocity limit value set according to a predetermined parameter.

Abstract: A webbing take-up device includes: a spool that enables pull-out and take-up of a webbing; a rotor disposed opposite from the spool, rotation of the rotor being impeded at a time of emergency; a wire of which a proximal end portion is retained at the rotor, at least a distal end portion of the wire being retained at the spool, the wire being disposed between the rotor and the spool, wherein the webbing is pulled out at a time of emergency of a vehicle, the wire being deformed and being wound onto a winding portion of the spool; and a retreat portion provided at the winding portion, the distal end portion of the wire being disposed at the retreat portion in a case in which the wire is wound onto the winding portion.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a maintenance-necessity detector and an automatic driving controller. The maintenance-necessity detector is configured to determine whether maintenance of the vehicle is necessary. The automatic driving controller is configured to cause the vehicle to move to a maintenance facility at which the maintenance of the vehicle is to be performed, on the basis of automatic driving that is independent of driving to be performed by an occupant of the vehicle, in a case where the maintenance is determined by the maintenance-necessity detector as being necessary.

Abstract: A sheet conveyance device includes a conveyance roller pair. A skew correction roller pair conveys the sheet after contacting two nip portions, and a sheet skew is corrected in a state in which the skew correction roller pair is being stopped. The sheet having a toner image is bent by a first conveyance guide such that a sheet first surface becomes an inside surface. The sheet is bent by the first and second conveyance guides to cause the sheet first surface to be the inside surface and a sheet second surface to be an outside surface. The skew correction roller pair includes two first rotary members of a first roller. A second roller and the two first rotary members form the two nip portions. The second roller and the first conveyance guide contact the sheet first surface. The first roller and the second conveyance guide contact the sheet second surface.

Abstract: A cutting tool including a base material and a hard layer provided on the base material, in which the hard layer is composed of a compound represented by TiaAlbBcN, an atomic ratio a is 0.25 or more and less than 0.55, an atomic ratio b of is 0.45 or more and less than 0.75, an atomic ratio c of is more than 0 and 0.1 or less, a sum of the atomic ratio a, the atomic ratio b and the atomic ratio c is 1, a ratio I(200)/I(002) of an intensity I(200) of an X-ray diffraction peak of a (200) plane to an intensity I(002) of an X-ray diffraction peak of a (002) plane in the hard layer is 2 to 10, and a full width at half maximum of the X-ray diffraction peak of the (002) plane is 2 degrees to 8 degrees.

Abstract: A method in which an acoustic sensor disposed in a polishing apparatus can be accurately calibrated is disclosed. In this method, polishing sounds of a substrate are acquired using an acoustic sensor; and then at least two distinctive sounds, having distinctive frequencies respectively, are selected from the acquired polishing sounds. Further, the at least two distinctive sounds are output from a sound source coupled to any of a polishing table, the acoustic sensor, and a substrate holder to cause the at least two distinctive sounds to be input to the acoustic sensor. Next, output values of the acoustic sensor are calibrated, such that the output values of the acoustic sensor relative to the at least two distinctive sounds come within an allowable range.

Abstract: A webbing take-up device including: a spool; a rotating member configured such that the spool is rotated in a take-up direction by the rotating member being rotated toward one side; a cylinder open at an axial direction leading end side; a fluid supplier provided at an axial direction base end side of the cylinder and supplying a fluid inside the cylinder in a vehicle emergency; a moving member provided inside the cylinder, moved toward the axial direction leading end side of the cylinder due to pressure of the fluid, and rotating the rotating member toward the one side by being moved in a state in which a tooth of the rotating member has bitten into or pierced the moving member; and a stopper provided further toward a movement direction side of the moving member than a section where the tooth of the rotating member has bitten into or pierced the moving member, the stopper being pressed by a portion of the moving member where the biting into or piercing of the rotating member has been disengaged, the stopper

Abstract: A power control device comprising: a step-down converter configured to step down DC power supplied from a DC power source; a temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature of the step-down converter or a temperature correlated therewith; and a control device configured to control an operation of the step-down converter based on a target value for an output voltage of the step-down converter. The control device is configured to change the target value between at least two values in response to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor.

Abstract: In a scheme in which a top ring is held to an end portion of a swing arm, the present invention improves accuracy of polishing end point detection. A polishing apparatus for polishing between a polishing pad 10 and a semiconductor wafer 16 disposed opposed to the polishing pad 10 includes a polishing table 30A for holding the polishing pad 10 and a top ring 31A for holding the semiconductor wafer 16. A swing shaft motor 14 swings a swing arm 110 for holding the top ring 31A. The arm torque detection section 26 detects arm torque applied to the swing arm 110. An end point detection section 28 detects a polishing end point indicating an end of polishing based on the detected arm torque.

Abstract: A method of detecting abnormality of a roller which transmits a local load to a retainer ring is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nucleic acid complex or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; the nucleic acid complex represented by the formula (I), wherein X is CH2 or O; Y is a sugar ligand having mannose or GalNAc; n is an integer of 1 to 8; and Z is a group comprising an oligonucleotide.

Abstract: A gas analysis system, includes: a light-emitting element that emits a laser light modulated by a predetermined modulation frequency; and a light-receiving element that: receives the laser light that has passed through a measurement target gas; and upon receiving the laser light, outputs a received signal having an N-frequency that is n times the predetermined modulation frequency, wherein n is an integer no less than 2; and a signal processing device that: calculates a third component by removing, from a first component having the N-frequency, a second component, wherein the second component is a component of optical interference noise arising on an optical path of the laser light from the light-emitting element to the light-receiving element and has the same frequency as the first component; and calculates, based on a magnitude of the third component, a concentration of the measurement target gas.

Abstract: A first and a second substrate polishing apparatus and are provided with a film thickness sensor for measuring a film thickness of layer to be polished and polish the layer by pressing the substrate against a polishing pad. The first substrate polishing apparatus outputs difference between output value of the film thickness sensor when an underlayer is exposed and output value of the film thickness sensor when the substrate is not present, as a first offset value. The second substrate polishing apparatus has a storage unit that stores information of the first offset value, an output correction unit that corrects the output value from the film thickness sensor based on the first offset value, and an end point detection unit that outputs control signal indicating end point of substrate polishing when measured value of the film thickness of the layer calculated based on the corrected output value reaches target value.