Abstract: Provided is an optical modulator having an optical modulation high frequency line through which a high frequency electrical signal can be efficiently input to an optical modulation region and which is in a broadband. High frequency lines of an optical modulator, that is, an input high frequency line, an optical modulation high frequency line, and an output high frequency line have a line configuration in which each of the input high frequency line and the output high frequency line is divided into a plurality of segments, and adjacent segments of the plurality of the segments have different characteristic impedances and propagation constants. The input high frequency line and the output high frequency line may be implemented by changing a width or a thickness of a signal electrode formed on a dielectric forming a micro-strip line between adjacent segments.

Abstract: A Mach-Zehnder modulator is enabled to perform high-speed modulation operation by reducing RF loss of a high-frequency wiring formed on an optical waveguide without deteriorating optical characteristics of branching and multiplexing optical circuits.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a spot-size converter includes: a material film etching step of sequentially forming, on a laminated substrate formed by sequentially laminating a core layer and two or more material film layers on a substrate, a plurality of mask patterns whose openings decrease in size, on the side of the two or more material film layers, and etching the two or more material film layers so as to have a step-like shape by sequentially etching the two or more material film layers from an outermost layer thereof according to the plurality of mask patterns; and a core layer etching step of forming a mask pattern for a core, which overlaps the openings of all of the plurality of mask patterns whose openings decrease in size, and has an opening with the largest area, on the side of the two or more material film layers, and forming the core layer by performing dry etching.

Abstract: To provide an optical module, an optical wiring board, and a method for manufacturing an optical module that provide the two-dimensional freedom degree of the joint portion between the optical module and the optical fiber even through the OBO method is applied to an optical module mounted via WLP.

Abstract: A Mach-Zehnder modulator is enabled to perform high-speed modulation operation by reducing RF loss of a high-frequency wiring formed on an optical waveguide without deteriorating optical characteristics of branching and multiplexing optical circuits.

Abstract: An optical circuit is provided in which electric circuit parts and optical circuit parts are integrated in a stack on a printed substrate. The optical circuit is provided with a lid having a temperature regulation function that uses a temperature control element and an optical fiber block capable of optical input and output. Temperature control of optical circuit elements can be efficiently performed by mounting electric circuit parts and optical circuit parts on a printed substrate in advance by a reflow step using OBO technology and subsequently attaching a lid that includes a temperature control element.

Abstract: There is provided an optical element mounted on a substrate and an optical coupling element mounted on the substrate. The optical coupling element includes a guide unit extending in a direction parallel to a plane of the substrate so as to fix an optical fiber. There is provided a mold resin layer formed on the substrate so as to cover the optical element and expose a side surface of the optical coupling element at one end of the guide unit. The optical element includes a light incidence/emission unit on a side surface perpendicular to the plane of the substrate, and the other end of the guide unit and the light incidence/emission unit are disposed to face each other.

Abstract: An optical device includes a waveguide configured with a waveguide core and clad layers. A thickness of the upper clad layer between a surface of a coupling unit of the waveguide and the waveguide core is set to a thickness with which optical evanescent coupling is capable of being performed with a waveguide or optical fiber for monitoring in a case where the waveguide or optical fiber for monitoring is arranged in a vicinity of the surface of the coupling unit.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an electrode which is arranged on an organic material with an insulation film interposed therebetween and which does not easily peel away from the organic material along with the insulation film. An insulation film in a region including pad portions of a phase shift electrode and a modulation electrode has openings at the centers of the pad portions of the phase shift electrode and the modulation electrode, the edge portions of which are formed on the phase shift electrode and the modulation electrode. In this way, the adjoining edges of the phase shift electrode and modulation electrode and the insulation film are all covered by the insulation film so as not to be exposed to the atmosphere.

Abstract: An optical module includes: a substrate; one or more light sources that produce light that is an optical signal; one or more light reflection units that change the direction of travel of the light to a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate; one or more optical waveguides that optically connect the one or more light sources and the one or more light reflection units to each other; and a lid that is attached to the substrate to cover the one or more light sources, the one or more light reflection units and the one or more optical waveguides. The lid has one or more lenses that collimate light directed by the one or more light reflection units and transmit the light to the outside of the lid.

Abstract: Provided is an optical modulator having an optical modulation high frequency line through which a high frequency electrical signal can be efficiently input to an optical modulation region and which is in a broadband. High frequency lines of an optical modulator, that is, an input high frequency line, an optical modulation high frequency line, and an output high frequency line have a line configuration in which each of the input high frequency line and the output high frequency line is divided into a plurality of segments, and adjacent segments of the plurality of the segments have different characteristic impedances and propagation constants. The input high frequency line and the output high frequency line may be implemented by changing a width or a thickness of a signal electrode formed on a dielectric forming a micro-strip line between adjacent segments.

Abstract: A high-frequency transmission line is provided that improves a high-frequency characteristic. The high-frequency transmission line includes a first conductor line, a termination resistance connected to the first conductor line, a second conductor line connected to the termination resistance, and a ground line that is provided to be opposed to the first conductor line, the termination resistance, and the second conductor line to have a predetermined distance thereto and that is connected to the second conductor line. The first conductor line and the ground line are formed to have a line width decreasing toward the termination resistance, respectively.

Abstract: An IQ optical modulator including: a parent Mach-Zehnder type (MZM) optical waveguide; child MZM optical waveguides constituting two arms of the parent MZM; two electrode transmission lines provided along the two arms of the child MZM, respectively, and receiving modulation signal to phase-modulate an optical signal; an RF extension line connected to the two electrode transmission lines, respectively; a first optical splitter branching light into the two arms of the parent MZM; a second optical splitter branching light into the two arms of the child MZM; and a first optical multiplexer multiplexing light from the two arms of the child MZM, wherein stripe direction of the child MZM optical waveguide is same as the RF extension line, the second optical splitter, and the first optical multiplexer, and is orthogonal to the first optical splitter.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an electronic device includes a heat source, a discharge path, a wall internal space, and a heat conductor. The discharge path is configured to guide a gas toward the outside of the device. The wall internal space is surrounded by walls, extends vertically, and is open to a space outside the device via an upper opening and a lower opening that are in different vertical positions. The heat conductor includes a heat absorber that is positioned in the discharge path and a heat dissipater that is positioned in the wall internal space.

Abstract: A lock lever structure includes a shaft; a cam attached to the shaft to fit a different-shaped portion of the shaft to prevent rotation of the cam in a circumferential direction of the shaft, the different-shaped portion having a different shape in cross section from a round portion of the shaft; a lever having an inner hollow cylindrical portion larger than an outline of the shaft and attached to the shaft to be rotatable in the circumferential direction of the shaft; a spring attached to the shaft to press the cam and the lever in an axial direction of the shaft; and a retainer attached to the shaft to retain the spring, the cam, and the lever to the shaft. The cam has at least two valley portions. The lever has a contact portion to contact the cam. The contact portion has a base shape.

Abstract: An IQ optical modulator including: a parent Mach-Zehnder type (MZM) optical waveguide; child MZM optical waveguides constituting two arms of the parent MZM; two electrode transmission lines provided along the two arms of the child MZM, respectively, and receiving modulation signal to phase-modulate an optical signal; an RF extension line connected to the two electrode transmission lines, respectively; a first optical splitter branching light into the two arms of the parent MZM; a second optical splitter branching light into the two arms of the child MZM; and a first optical multiplexer multiplexing light from the two arms of the child MZM, wherein stripe direction of the child MZM optical waveguide is same as the RF extension line, the second optical splitter, and the first optical multiplexer, and is orthogonal to the first optical splitter.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an electronic device includes a heat source, a discharge path, a wall internal space, and a heat conductor. The discharge path is configured to guide a gas toward the outside of the device. The wall internal space is surrounded by walls, extends vertically, and is open to a space outside the device via an upper opening and a lower opening that are in different vertical positions. The heat conductor includes a heat absorber that is positioned in the discharge path and a heat dissipater that is positioned in the wall internal space.

Abstract: A high-frequency transmission line is provided that improves a high-frequency characteristic. The high-frequency transmission line includes a first conductor line, a termination resistance connected to the first conductor line, a second conductor line connected to the termination resistance, and a ground line that is provided to be opposed to the first conductor line, the termination resistance, and the second conductor line to have a predetermined distance thereto and that is connected to the second conductor line. The first conductor line and the ground line are formed to have a line width decreasing toward the termination resistance, respectively.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a first human body detector, a second human body detector, and a controller. The first human body detector has a first detection span to detect a human body to output a signal. The second human body detector has a second detection span to detect a human body to output a signal. The controller changes a state of the image forming apparatus from a standby state to an operation state in accordance with the output signal from each of the first human body detector and the second human body detector. A first center line of the first detection span intersects with a second center line of the second detection span at a portion where the first detection span and the second detection span overlap with each other in a planar view.

Abstract: A lock lever structure includes a shaft; a cam attached to the shaft to fit a different-shaped portion of the shaft to prevent rotation of the cam in a circumferential direction of the shaft, the different-shaped portion having a different shape in cross section from a round portion of the shaft; a lever having an inner hollow cylindrical portion larger than an outline of the shaft and attached to the shaft to be rotatable in the circumferential direction of the shaft; a spring attached to the shaft to press the cam and the lever in an axial direction of the shaft; and a retainer attached to the shaft to retain the spring, the cam, and the lever to the shaft. The cam has at least two valley portions. The lever has a contact portion to contact the cam. The contact portion has a base shape.