Abstract: A frame equipped membrane electrode assembly includes a membrane electrode assembly and a frame member. The frame member includes a first frame shaped sheet and a second frame shaped sheet. An inner peripheral portion of the first frame shaped sheet is joined to an outer peripheral portion of the membrane electrode assembly. The inner peripheral portion of the first frame shaped sheet is disposed between an outer peripheral portion of an anode and an outer peripheral portion of a cathode. A gap is formed between an inner end of the second frame shaped sheet and an outer end of the cathode. The first frame shaped sheet and the second frame shaped sheet are joined together over the entire periphery by an adhesive layer.

Abstract: A resin frame equipped membrane electrode assembly includes a membrane electrode assembly and a resin frame member around an outer peripheral portion of the membrane electrode assembly. An inner end of the resin frame member is joined to an electrolyte membrane. In the state before the inner end is joined to the electrolyte membrane, the inner end is narrowed inward in a manner that a surface of the inner end adjacent to the electrolyte membrane gets closer to a surface of the inner end opposite to the electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: A power generation cell includes a frame member. The frame member includes a first frame shaped sheet and a second frame shaped sheet that are joined together. The second frame shaped sheet is provided outside a cathode through a gap. A method of operating a fuel cell includes supplying a first reactant gas to a channel formed between the frame member and a first separator, a pressure of the first reactant gas being higher than a pressure of a second reactant gas, and supplying the second reactant gas to a channel formed between the frame member and a second separator.

Abstract: A front face distance is obtained by measuring the position of a front face of an instrument panel held by an end effecter of a robot. An error on an optical axis, at the position of the front face is obtained based on the front face distance. Based on the error, the position of the instrument panel is adjusted so that a focal point of a laser meets the position at a predetermined depth defined with the front face as the standard. A back face of the instrument panel is irradiated with a laser to form a fine hole of a fragile section.

Abstract: A front face distance is obtained by measuring the position of a front face of an instrument panel held by an end effecter of a robot. An error on an optical axis, at the position of the front face is obtained based on the front face distance. Based on the error, the position of the instrument panel is adjusted so that a focal point of a laser meets the position at a predetermined depth defined with the front face as the standard. A back face of the instrument panel is irradiated with a laser to form a fine hole of a fragile section.