Abstract: A signal receiving apparatus includes at least one signal separating apparatus that separates a specific signal from a plurality of received signals. Each of the at least one signal separating apparatus includes a spatial filtering unit that separates at least one equalized signal and a decision signal outputting unit that generates a first decision signal by deciding the equalized signal and outputs the generated first decision signal. The spatial filtering unit separates the at least one equalized signal by multiplying at least the plurality of received signals among the plurality of received signals and either the first decision signal output from the decision signal outputting unit or a second decision signal output from another signal separating apparatus by predetermined weighting coefficients.

Abstract: A communication system includes three or more nodes and a multi-core fiber having a plurality of cores, the multi-core fiber being used in at least a partial segment of the connection between the nodes is provided. One node of the nodes is connected to the multi-core fiber and includes a connector configured to add and drop a signal to and from an allocated core exclusively allocated from among the cores as a communication path between the one node and another node of the nodes and/or configured to relay a signal transmitted through another core of the cores allocated for communication between other nodes in the multi-core fiber connected to the one node, and a relative positional relationship between a connection position of the allocated core in which a signal is added or dropped in the connector and a connection position of another core in which a signal is relayed in the connector is the same for all of the nodes connected to the multi-core fiber.

Abstract: A communication system includes three or more nodes, and a multi-core fiber having a plurality of cores, the multi-core fiber being used in at least a partial segment of a connection between the nodes, wherein each of nodes includes: a fault information transmitting device configured to transmit fault information indicating that a fault has occurred in a communication path between one node and another node of the nodes when it is detected that it is not possible to perform communication between the one node and the another node; and a fault location specifying device configured to specify a section between nodes in which a fault has occurred on the basis of the fault information received from the fault information transmitting device provided in each of the nodes.

Abstract: In the conventional technique, only an output having a bandwidth identical to the bandwidth of individual DACs has been obtained even by using a plurality of DACs. Also, even when the output of a bandwidth broader than the individual DAC is obtained, there has been a problem associated with asymmetricity of a circuit configuration. In a signal generating device of the present invention, a plurality of normal DACs are combined to realize an analog output of a broader bandwidth beyond the output bandwidth of the individual DACs, and the problem of the asymmetricity of the circuit configuration is also resolved. A desired signal is separated into a low-frequency signal and a high-frequency signal in a frequency domain, and a series of operation of constant (r)-folding the amplitude of the high-frequency signal and shifting it on the frequency axis to superimpose it on the low-frequency signal are made in a digital domain. The output of each DAC is switched by an analog multiplexer.

Abstract: A communication system includes three or more nodes and a multi-core fiber having a plurality of cores and being used in at least a partial segment of the connection between the nodes. One node of the nodes is connected to the multi-core fiber and includes a connector configured to add and drop a signal to and from an allocated core exclusively allocated for communication between the one node and another node of the nodes and/or configured to relay a signal transmitted through another core allocated to communication between the other nodes in multi-core fibers connected to the one node.

Abstract: An optical transmission system includes an optical transmission apparatus and an optical reception apparatus. The optical transmission apparatus includes a conversion unit that converts multiple binary data sequences into data in a predetermined signal format; a coding unit that generates multiple pieces of coded data by performing predetermined coding on each of the multiple pieces of converted data; an optical signal generation unit that generates multiple optical signals by converting the multiple pieces of coded data into optical signals; and a mode multiplexer that converts the multiple optical signals into different modes, generates a mode-division multiplexed optical signal by mode-division multiplexing the optical signals, and transmits the generated mode-division multiplexed optical signal to the optical reception apparatus.

Abstract: An optical amplification system includes: three or more nodes; a multi-core fiber having a plurality of cores, the multi-core fiber being used in at least a partial segment of the connection between the nodes; an amplification light input unit configured to input amplification light to a core of the plurality of cores of the multi-core fiber; an amplification unit configured to amplify communication light transmitted through at least one core of the plurality of cores of the multi-core fiber using the amplification light, the amplification unit being provided in the nodes or between the nodes; and an amplification light coupling unit configured to couple the amplification light input by the amplification light input unit to the amplification unit.

Abstract: A communication system which includes: three or more nodes; a multi-core fiber having a plurality of cores, the multi-core fiber being used in at least a partial segment of a connection between the nodes; a detection signal output unit configured to output a fault detection signal transmitted by the core provided in the multi-core fiber configured to connect together the nodes; and a fault detection unit configured to determine whether a fault has occurred between the nodes on the basis of a detection result of the fault detection signal.

Abstract: A communication system includes three or more nodes, and a multi-core fiber having a plurality of cores, the multi-core fiber being used in at least a partial segment of a connection between the nodes, wherein each of nodes includes: a fault information transmitting device configured to transmit fault information indicating that a fault has occurred in a communication path between one node and another node of the nodes when it is detected that it is not possible to perform communication between the one node and the another node; and a fault location specifying device configured to specify a section between nodes in which a fault has occurred on the basis of the fault information received from the fault information transmitting device provided in each of the nodes

Abstract: A communication system includes three or more nodes and a multi-core fiber having a plurality of cores, the multi-core fiber being used in at least a partial segment of the connection between the nodes is provided. One node of the nodes is connected to the multi-core fiber and includes a connector configured to add and drop a signal to and from an allocated core exclusively allocated from among the cores as a communication path between the one node and another node of the nodes and/or configured to relay a signal transmitted through another core of the cores allocated for communication between other nodes in the multi-core fiber connected to the one node, and a relative positional relationship between a connection position of the allocated core in which a signal is added or dropped in the connector and a connection position of another core in which a signal is relayed in the connector is the same for all of the nodes connected to the multi-core fiber.

Abstract: A node included in an optical power supply system which includes three or more nodes and a multi-core fiber having a plurality of cores, the plurality of cores being used in at least a partial segment of the connection between the nodes includes: a power supply light dropping unit configured to drop a portion or all of a power supply light from one core of the plurality of cores of the multi-core fiber; a photoelectric conversion unit configured to convert the portion or all of the power supply light dropped by the power supply light dropping unit to an electrical signal; and a power supply target facility configured to operate with the electrical signal converted by the photoelectric conversion unit.

Abstract: In the conventional technique, only an output having a bandwidth identical to the bandwidth of individual DACs has been obtained even by using a plurality of DACs. Also, even when the output of a bandwidth broader than the individual DAC is obtained, there has been a problem associated with asymmetricity of a circuit configuration. In a signal generating device of the present invention, a plurality of normal DACs are combined to realize an analog output of a broader bandwidth beyond the output bandwidth of the individual DACs, and the problem of the asymmetricity of the circuit configuration is also resolved. A desired signal is separated into a low-frequency signal and a high-frequency signal in a frequency domain, and a series of operation of constant (r)-folding the amplitude of the high-frequency signal and shifting it on the frequency axis to superimpose it on the low-frequency signal are made in a digital domain. The output of each DAC is switched by an analog multiplexer.

Abstract: A transmission quality estimation system includes, three or more nodes and a transmission quality estimation device configured to estimate, transmission quality. A multi-core fiber having a plurality of cores, the multi-core fiber being used in at least a partial segment of a connection between the nodes. A node of the nodes includes a core connection unit configured to drop, add or relay light transmitted from, to or to each of to the plurality of cores of the multi-core fiber. The transmission quality estimation device includes an estimation unit configured to estimate transmission quality between the nodes on the basis of a transmission quality measurement light dropped by the core connection unit.

Abstract: A thermoelectric power generation device includes a plurality of units that are stacked, each unit including a thermoelectric module containing at least one thermoelectric element, and a first plate and a second plate interposing the thermoelectric module therebetween, wherein a spacer is interposed between a surface of one of the first plates facing away from the corresponding thermoelectric module and a surface of the opposing second plate facing away from the corresponding thermoelectric module, the spacer contacting the first plate and the second plate and defining a fluid passage jointly with the first plate and the second plate, and wherein the fluid passages defined between the adjacent units are configured to receive supply of high temperature fluid and low temperature fluid in an alternating manner in a stacking direction of the units. The plates can be conformed to the thermoelectric module, and the stiffness of the plate can be increased.

Abstract: Included are a first and second output terminals, a first series unit connected between the first output terminal and the second output terminal, the first series unit being formed by connecting first thermoelectric modules in series, a second series unit connected between the first output terminal and the second output terminal so as to be in parallel with the first series unit, the second series unit being formed by connecting second thermoelectric modules in series, and connection wirings connecting the first series unit and the second series unit. Then, the first series unit includes first series wirings connecting the first thermoelectric modules in series, the second series unit includes second series wirings connecting the second thermoelectric modules in series, and each of the connection wirings connects one of the first series wirings and one of the second series wirings.

Abstract: In the conventional technique, only an output having a bandwidth identical to the bandwidth of individual DACs has been obtained even by using a plurality of DACs. Also, even when the output of a bandwidth broader than the individual DAC is obtained, there has been a problem associated with asymmetricity of a circuit configuration. In a signal generating device of the present invention, a plurality of normal DACs are combined to realize an analog output of a broader bandwidth beyond the output bandwidth of the individual DACs, and the problem of the asymmetricity of the circuit configuration is also resolved. A desired signal is separated into a low-frequency signal and a high-frequency signal in a frequency domain, and a series of operation of constant (r)-folding the amplitude of the high-frequency signal and shifting it on the frequency axis to superimpose it on the low-frequency signal are made in a digital domain. The output of each DAC is switched by an analog multiplexer.

Abstract: Thermoelectric device includes thermoelectric converter, first heat conductor, second heat conductor, first gap filler, and first sheet material. Thermoelectric converter has a thermoelectric element built-in. First and second heat conductors and face each other through thermoelectric converter. First gap filler is disposed between thermoelectric converter and first heat conductor. First sheet material is disposed between first heat conductor and first gap filler and/or between thermoelectric converter and first gap filler. First sheet material has flexibility. A surface of first sheet material opposite from first gap filler is anti-adhesive surface having lower adhesiveness than first gap filler.

Abstract: A valve seat member, which partitions between a supply passage and a pressurizing chamber, includes an inner flow path, which communicates between the supply passage and the pressurizing chamber, and an outer flow path, which is placed on a radially outer side of the inner flow path. An inner valve is seatable against an inner valve seat formed in an opening of the inner flow path. An outer valve is contactable with an end surface of the inner valve, which is opposite from the inner valve seat. The outer valve is seatable against an outer valve seat, which is formed in an opening of the outer flow path.

Abstract: A valve seat member which partitions between a supply passage and a pressurizing chamber, includes an inner flow path, which communicates between the supply passage and the pressurizing chamber, and an outer flow path, which is placed on a radially outer side of the inner flow path. An inner valve is seatable against inner valve seat formed in an opening of the inner flow path. An outer valve is contactable with an end surface of the inner valve, which is opposite from the inner valve seat. The outer valve is seatable against an outer valve seat, which is formed in an opening of the outer flow path.

Abstract: A discharge valve of a high-pressure pump is placed in a discharge passage and is openable to enable flow of fuel from a pressurizing chamber to a discharge outlet in response to a fuel pressure difference between the pressurizing chamber side and the discharge outlet side. A relief is placed in a relief passage. The relief passage communicates between a branching portion, which is located on a side of the discharge valve where the discharge outlet is placed in the discharge passage, and a return portion, which merges with a damper chamber. The relief valve is openable to enable flow of the fuel from the branching portion to the return portion in response to a fuel pressure difference between the branching portion side and the return portion side. A discharge passage orifice is placed between the discharge valve and the branching portion in the discharge passage and constricts a flow passage cross-sectional area of the discharge passage.