Abstract: Disclosed are a butt welding apparatus, a butt welding method, and a product manufactured by the butt welding method. Two electrode rollers (3, 4) are disposed on both the front and back sides of a thick sheet member (1) and on both the front and back sides of a thin sheet member (2) whose end surfaces (1A, 2A) are butted. The electrode rollers (3, 4) are applied with power, melt the butt portion (6) of the sheet members (1, 2) with electric resistance heat, and joint the butt portion. Further, the electrode rollers (3, 4) have a length bridging across the sheet members (1, 2) and are composed of first portions (3A, 4A) arranged as small diameter portions on the side of the thick sheet member (1) and second portions (3B, 4B) arranged as large diameter portions on the side of the thin sheet member (2). The first portions (3A, 4A) come into contact with the thick sheet member (1) and presses it before the second portions (3B, 4B) come into contact with the thin sheet member (2).

Abstract: A vehicle door which can be used as a tailgate or a side door of a vehicle and a manufacturing method of this vehicle door is provided. A tailgate (1) which is a vehicle door is formed of an outer panel (2) on an outer side of a vehicle, an inner panel (3) on an inner side of the vehicle, and a module plate (4) to which door parts such as a wiper motor (18) are attached, and a lining (6). The inner panel (3) is in a frame shape with only a marginal portion (10) of the whole periphery left and with an opening (11) formed therein, which results in reduction in the weight of the tailgate (1).

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for machining a mold material to produce a mold. By casting based on a cast mold model (15), a mold material (20) is produced in a form having a work margin. Thereafter, a shape of the mold material (20) is measured by a measuring device (16), and measurement data and an envelope model (M2) generated based on the measurement data are stored in a storage unit (12A) of a computer (12). Thereafter, a mold model (M1) based on mold design data and an envelope model (M2) are displayed on a display unit (12C), and the envelope model (M2) is linearly moved in direction of three axes X, Y and Z orthogonal to one another respectively and rotated around the three axes to bring a product forming plane (M2B) of the envelope model (M2) into close proximity of a product forming plane (M1B) of the mold model (M1).

Abstract: A vehicle door which can be used as a tailgate or a side door of a vehicle and a manufacturing method of this vehicle door is provided. A tailgate (1) which is a vehicle door is formed of an outer panel (2) on an outer side of a vehicle, an inner panel (3) on an inner side of the vehicle, and a module plate (4) to which door parts such as a wiper motor (18) are attached, and a lining (6). The inner panel (3) is in a frame shape with only a marginal portion (10) of the whole periphery left and with an opening (11) formed therein, which results in reduction in the weight of the tailgate (1).

Abstract: An optical transmitter for realizing a high tolerance with respect to the group velocity dispersion of the optical fibers, a small receiver sensitivity degradation, and an improved stability that is hardly affected by the group velocity dispersion even in the case of network scale expansion, is constructed by a light source section for generating optical clock pulses synchronized with a signal bit rate while maintaining a duty ratio of the optical clock pulses constant, which is capable of variably setting the duty ratio, and an encoding section for encoding the optical clock pulses by using electric signals synchronized with the optical clock pulses while setting a relative optical phase difference between the optical clock pulses in adjacent time-slots to be an odd integer multiple of &pgr;.

Abstract: With this polarization mode dispersion compensation method, an optical signal which is sent by an optical signal transmitter 5 is propagated along an optical transmission path 6, and, after having passed through a polarization controller 1, is inputted to a polarizer 2. A specified polarization component is separated out by the polarizer 2 from this optical signal which has been thus inputted. The optical signal which has been thus separated is inputted into a waveform deterioration detector 3, which detects waveform deterioration thereof. Based upon information related to the waveform deterioration which has been detected, a control device 7 controls the polarization controller 1 so that the waveform deterioration becomes a minimum.

Abstract: In an electromagnetic valve, after a solenoid assembly, in which a housing surrounds an outer circumference of a solenoid composed of a coil and a bobbin and a resin connector is formed on the housing by injection molding, and a valve body assembly, in which a valve body member is slidably housed to move reciprocatingly in a valve case cylindrical hollow of a valve case member, are independently sub assembled, the valve body assembly is integrated with the solenoid assembly in such a manner that the valve case member is axially inserted into a cylindrical hollow of the bobbin and, then, an axial end of the housing is fixed to an outer circumference of the valve case member by crimping. Accordingly, if a malfunction of a component part occurs during manufacturing processes, less number of component parts are rejected as failure.

Abstract: In an electromagnetic valve, a composite valve case has a cylindrical hollow and a composite valve body formed in spool shape is slidably housed in the cylindrical hollow. The composite valve body has not only an inherent valve function for changing fluid path area according to its movement in the cylindrical hollow but also an armature function for constituting a magnetic circuit. The composite valve case has not only a cylinder function for allowing the valve body to slidably move but also a stator function for constituting a magnetic circuit. The composite valve body and the composite valve case are made of soft magnetic material and are provided at their surfaces with thin hardened layers formed by surface or heat treatment.

Abstract: This digital transmission system is provided with a transmitting apparatus that transmits digital data signals and a receiving apparatus that receives the digital data signals transmitted over a transmission path, compares the signals with a predetermined threshold value, and performs decision reproduction.

Abstract: A vehicle door which can be used as a tailgate or a side door of a vehicle and a manufacturing method of this vehicle door. A tailgate (1) which is a vehicle door is formed of an outer panel (2) on an outer side of a vehicle, an inner panel (3) on an inner side of the vehicle, and a module plate (4) to which door parts such as a wiper motor (18) are attached, and a lining (6). The inner panel (3) is in a frame shape with only a marginal portion (10) of the whole periphery left and with an opening (11) formed therein, which results in reduction in the weight of the tailgate (1).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical transmission system which reduces optical signal bandwidth with return-to-zero (RZ) signal.

Abstract: In an electromagnetic valve, after a solenoid assembly, in which a housing surrounds an outer circumference of a solenoid composed of a coil and a bobbin and a resin connector is formed on the housing by injection molding, and a valve body assembly, in which a valve body member is slidably housed to move reciprocatingly in a valve case cylindrical hollow of a valve case member, are independently sub assembled, the valve body assembly is integrated with the solenoid assembly in such a manner that the valve case member is axially inserted into a cylindrical hollow of the bobbin and, then, an axial end of the housing is fixed to an outer circumference of the valve case member by crimping. Accordingly, if a malfunction of a component part occurs during manufacturing processes, less number of component parts are rejected as failure.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for machining a mold material to produce a mold. By casting based on a cast mold model (15), a mold material (20) is produced in a form having a work margin. Thereafter, a shape of the mold material (20) is measured by a measuring device (16), and measurement data and an envelope model (M2) generated based on the measurement data are stored in a storage unit (12A) of a computer (12). Thereafter, a mold model (M1) based on mold design data and an envelope model (M2) are displayed on a display unit (12C), and the envelope model (M2) is linearly moved in direction of three axes X, Y and Z orthogonal to one another respectively and rotated around the three axes to bring a product forming plane (M2B) of the envelope model (M2) into close proximity of a product forming plane (M1B) of the mold model (M1).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an automatic dispersion compensating optical link system. Carrier suppressed RZ encoded optical signals generated using carrier suppressing means and binary NRZ code or partial response code, or carrier suppressed clock signals generated using carrier suppressing means and clock signals are transmitted on an optical transmission line. Two bands of the carrier suppressed RZ encoded optical signals or carrier suppressed clock signals transmitted on the optical transmission line are each divided into bands and are received. Phase information of the respective basebands is extracted from the binary NRZ code components or partial response code components or clock signals in each band and the relative phase difference thereof is detected. The chromatic dispersion value of the optical transmission line is then calculated from the relative phase difference.

Abstract: The present invention suppresses to a minimum the degradation of the transmission quality caused by chromatic dispersion characteristic of an optical transmission medium, and the interplay between the chromatic dispersion and non-linear optical effects in dense WDM transport systems. A baseband input data signal is pre-coded in advance by a pre-coding unit, phase modulation is carried out using a pre-coded signal by the optical phase modulating unit, and the phase modulated optical signal is converted to an RZ intensity modulated signal by the optical filter unit that performs phase-shift-keying to amplitude-shift-keying conversion. For example, an optical phase modulating unit generates an encoded DPSK phase modulated signal using a differential phase shirt keying (DPSK) format, and a phase modulated signal is converted to an RZ intensity modulated signal by the optical filter unit disposed downstream of the optical phase modulating unit.

Abstract: TITLE OF THE INVENTION Optical Transmission System An optical transmission system which provides bandwidth restricted optical signal comprises an input terminal (10) for accepting an electrical binary signal, an amplifier (12) for amplifying said electrical binary signal to the level requested for operating an electrical-optical converter (16) such as a Mach Zehnder light modulator, a bandwidth restriction means (14) which is for instance a low pass filter for restricting bandwidth of said electrical binary signal, and an electrical-optical conversion means (16) such as a Mach Zehnder light modulator for converting electrical signal to optical signal.

Abstract: In an electromagnetic valve, a composite valve case has a cylindrical hollow and a composite valve body formed in spool shape is slidably housed in the cylindrical hollow. The composite valve body has not only an inherent valve function for changing fluid path area according to its movement in the cylindrical hollow but also an armature function for constituting a magnetic circuit. The composite valve case has not only a cylinder function for allowing the valve body to slidably move but also a stator function for constituting a magnetic circuit.

Abstract: A fuel injection apparatus for an internal combustion engine is provided which is designed to control a fuel discharge from a fuel injection pump by regulating the quantity of fuel sucked into the fuel injection pump. The fuel injection pump is driven in synchronism with rotation of the engine to pressurize and supply the fuel to an accumulator chamber from which the fuel is injected into cylinders of the engine. The solenoid valve moves a valve member linearly to open and close a fluid path leading to the fuel injection pump. The controller actuates the solenoid valve in one of a first control mode when the engine speed is low and a second control mode when the engine speed is high. In the first control mode, a valve on-duration in which the solenoid valve is turned on to open the fluid path through the valve member and an area of the fluid path opened by the valve member are both controlled. In the second control mode, only the opened area of the fluid path is controlled.

Abstract: A system which improves wavelength tolerance, compensates dispersion in a simple way, reduces limitation of the fiber input power is disclosed. The operation includes receiving a clock signal from a system clock source; modulating a single mode optical signal based on the clock signal and generating an optical pulse signal having two longitudinal modes, the frequency interval thereof being n×B, n being a natural number and B being a transmission speed; generating a partial response signal by converting a binary NRZ signal from a digital signal source in synchronism with the system clock source; and modulating the optical pulse signal based on the partial response signal, and outputting a binary RZ modulated signal. The binary RZ modulated signal is input into a receiver, where two partial response components in the optical spectra of the input signal are divided, and one or both of the components are received.

Abstract: To suppress S/N degradation due to optical amplification and generation of a nonlinear optical effect in a dispersion compensating fiber, and compensate for a loss due to the dispersion compensating fiber without incorporating a long fiber inside a receiver, part of an optical transmission line is constructed by a dispersion compensating fiber and at least part of the optical transmission line is designed to have a Raman gain or a distributed gain. A pump light to obtain a Raman gain or a distributed gain is transmitted from at least one of a transmitter, a receiver, and a repeater to the optical transmission line.