Abstract: A manufacturing method of a semiconductor element includes forming a plurality of semiconductor layers on a sapphire substrate, each of the semiconductor layers having a first surface on the sapphire substrate side and a second surface on the opposite side, joining the second surfaces of the plurality of semiconductor layers to a retention member via an adhesive member, peeling off the plurality of semiconductor layers from the sapphire substrate by irradiating the first surfaces of the plurality of semiconductor layers with laser light, and polishing the first surfaces of the plurality of semiconductor layers. At least one semiconductor layer among the plurality of semiconductor layers includes a polishing indication part extending from the second surface toward the first surface. The polishing is executed until the polishing indication part is exposed to the polished surface.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a semiconductor element includes forming a plurality of islands, each including a semiconductor layer containing a nitride semiconductor and a support formed on the semiconductor layer, on a sapphire substrate, joining the support to a retention substrate via an adhesive member, peeling off the semiconductor layer from the sapphire substrate by irradiating the semiconductor layer with laser light, and polishing a surface of the semiconductor layers peeled off from the sapphire substrate.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of an electronic device includes forming a support layer that is provided to extend from a first surface of a functional layer formed on a first substrate via a first layer, as a surface on a side opposite to the first substrate, to the first substrate and supports the functional layer with respect to the first substrate, forming a thin film holding layer on at least one of the support layer and the first surface of the functional layer, removing the first layer, joining a transfer member to a surface of the thin film holding layer on a side opposite to the functional layer, separating the functional layer, the support layer and the thin film holding layer from the first substrate, transferring the functional layer, the support layer and the thin film holding layer to a different second substrate, and removing the thin film holding layer.

Abstract: A component comprising: a first case portion having a tunnel portion having an opening end opening toward an axial direction; and a second case portion having a catch tank portion opening upward, wherein the first case portion and the second case portion face each other such that a bottom portion of the tunnel portion and a bottom portion of the catch tank portion are coupled to each other, an opening area of the opening end of the tunnel portion on the second case portion side is larger than an opening area of the opening end of the tunnel portion on a side opposite to the second case portion side, the tunnel portion as a whole is inclined downward from the second case portion side of the tunnel portion to the side opposite to the second case portion side of the tunnel portion, and the second case portion side of the tunnel portion is inclined downward toward the catch tank portion.

Abstract: A surface-emitting laser includes an active layer; multiple reflectors sandwiching the active layer; and an electrode pair connected to a power supply, through which a current is injected into the active layer. The surface-emitting laser emits at least one laser beam during a current injection period when the current injected into the active layer through the electrode pair during the current injection period is a first current and emits at least one laser beam during a current decrease period when the current injected into the active layer through the electrode pair during the current injection period is a second current exceeding the first current. The current decrease period is after the current injection period. The current injected into the active layer during the current decrease period is lower than the current injected into the active layer during the current injection period.

Abstract: The steel material includes a chemical composition containing, in mass %, C: 0.15 to 0.45%, Si: 0.50% or less, Mn: 0.20 to 0.60%, P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Cr: 0.80 to 1.50%, Mo: 0.17 to 0.30%, V: 0.24 to 0.40%, Al: 0.005 to 0.100%, N: 0.0300% or less, O: 0.0015% or less, and the balance being Fe and impurities, and satisfying Formula (1) to Formula (4) described in Embodiment, wherein, in its microstructure, a total area fraction of ferrite and pearlite is 10.0% or more, and a proportion of a content of V (mass %) in electrolytic extraction residue to the content of V (mass %) in the chemical composition is 10.0% or less.

Abstract: A heat transport device comprises first flow passages through which a first fluid flows, and second flow passages through which a second fluid flows, wherein a cross-section A satisfying the following Requirement 1 to Requirement 3 can be achieved. Requirement 1 is that the cross-section A is a cross-section perpendicular to the second flow passages. Requirement 2 is that in the cross-section A, the holes of second flow passages are separated by meandering partition plates and are disposed in a layered manner. Two adjacent partition plates are a partition plate B and a partition plate C, and when comparing a point ?, which is the top point of a mountain in the partition plate B closest to the partition plate C, and a point ?, which is the bottom point of a valley in the partition plate C closest to the partition plate B, the point ? is closer to the partition plate C side than the point ?. Requirement 3 is that the first flow passages are present inside the partition plates.

Abstract: A steel wire which has an excellent fatigue limit when made into a spring is provided. A chemical composition of the steel wire according to the present embodiment consists of, in mass %, C: 0.53 to 0.59%, Si: 2.51 to 2.90%, Mn: 0.70 to 0.85%, P: 0.020% or less, S: 0.020% or less, Cr 1.40 to 1.70%, Mo: 0.17 to 0.53%, V: 0.23 to 0.33%, Cu: 0.050% or less, Ni: 0.050% or less, Al: 0.0050% or less, Ti: 0.050% or less, N: 0.0070% or less, Ca: 0 to 0.0050%, and Nb: 0 to 0.020%, with the balance being Fe and impurities. In the steel wire, a number density of V-based precipitates having a maximum diameter ranging from 2 to 10 nm is 500 to 8000 pieces/?m2.

Abstract: An optical combiner includes: a plurality of first input optical fibers that each include a core; a bridge fiber that includes a bridge input surface connected to the cores of the plurality of first input optical fibers, a diameter reduction portion having a diameter that decreases away from the bridge input surface along an optical axis of the optical combiner, and a bridge output surface located opposite to the bridge input surface along the optical axis; an intermediate optical fiber that includes a core connected to the bridge output surface of the bridge fiber; a second input optical fiber that includes a core; and an output optical fiber that includes a first optical waveguide connected to the core of the intermediate optical fiber, and a second optical waveguide connected to the core of the second input optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical device includes a support portion a movable unit and a pair of torsion bars disposed on both sides of the movable unit on a first axis. The movable unit includes a main body portion, a ring-shaped portion surrounding the main body portion when viewed from a predetermined direction perpendicular to the first axis, two connection portions connecting the main body portion and the ring-shaped portion to each other, and a rib portion provided to the main body portion. Each of the two connection portions includes two connection regions that are separated from each other by a space and the each of the two connection region connects the main body portion and the ring-shaped portion to each other. The rib portion includes four extending portions radially extending between a center of the main body portion and the four connection regions respectively when viewed from the predetermined direction.

Abstract: A mirror unit 2 includes a mirror device 20 including a base 21 and a movable mirror 22, an optical function member 13, and a fixed mirror 16 that is disposed on a side opposite to the mirror device 20 with respect to the optical function member 13. The mirror device 20 is provided with a light passage portion 24 that constitutes a first portion of an optical path between the beam splitter unit 3 and the fixed mirror 16. The optical function member 13 is provided with a light transmitting portion 14 that constitutes a second portion of the optical path between the beam splitter unit 3 and the fixed mirror 16. A second surface 21b of the base 21 and a third surface 13a of the optical function member 13 are joined to each other.

Abstract: A multilayer heat sink including a heat-receiving layer, a channel layer including cooling micropaths extending and directing a fluid in a direction orthogonal to a stacking direction, an orifice layer including jet orifices configured to jet the fluid into the cooling micropaths, and drain orifices configured to drain the fluid from the cooling micropaths, a header layer including a peripheral wall and a baffle, and a bottom layer, wherein the baffle includes parallel plates disposed parallel to each other, and end plates configured to alternately close an opening at an end and an opening at an opposite end of the parallel plates, and the orifice layer, the bottom layer, the baffle, and the peripheral wall define a supply channel to guide the fluid from a fluid inlet to the jet orifices and a drain channel to guide the fluid from the drain orifices to a fluid outlet.

Abstract: A motor controller includes a first control circuit, a second control circuit, a determination circuit, and a command circuit. The first control circuit outputs a first control value based on a rule base from a command value of an angular velocity and a measured value of an angular velocity. The second control circuit outputs a second control value based on a learned model from the command value of the angular velocity and the measured value of the angular velocity. The determination circuit determines a state based on at least the second control value. The command circuit acquires and outputs a control command value from the first control value and the second control value based on a result determined by the determination circuit.

Abstract: A valve spring includes a nitrided layer, and a core portion that is further inward than the nitrided layer. A chemical composition of the core portion consists of, in mass %, C: 0.53 to 0.59%, Si: 2.51 to 2.90%, Mn: 0.70 to 0.85%, P: 0.020% or less, S: 0.020% or less, Cr: 1.40 to 1.70%, Mo: 0.17 to 0.53%, V: 0.23 to 0.33%, Ca: 0.0001 to 0.0050%, Cu: 0.050% or less, Ni: 0.050% or less, Al: 0.0050% or less, Ti: 0.050% or less, and N: 0.0070% or less, with the balance being Fe and impurities. In the core portion, a number density of V-based precipitates having a maximum diameter ranging from 2 to 10 nm is 500 to 8000 per ?m2, and in the core portion, a numerical proportion of Ca sulfides with respect to a total number of oxide-based inclusions and sulfide-based inclusions is 0.20% or less.

Abstract: In order to achieve a charging service using an outlet of 100 V or 200V, the present invention provides a management server 10 including an acquisition unit 11 that acquires, from a user terminal, apparatus specifying information specifying a control apparatus that controls power supply to an outlet, and a control execution unit 12 that executes processing of controlling the control apparatus specified by the apparatus specifying information.

Abstract: A vaporizer is provided that is capable of heating source material mist under precise temperature management and thereby able to acquire a gas source material which can be adjusted to a prescribed temperature and which has a very low level of variation in temperature and that produces almost no precipitate. The vaporizer heats and vaporizes a source material mist to obtain a gas source material for film forming.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst layer has a first surface configured to be in contact with a polymer electrolyte membrane in a membrane electrode assembly, and a second surface facing away from the first surface. The electrode catalyst layer includes a first portion including the first surface, and a second portion having a layer shape and being laminated on the first portion. The electrode catalyst layer contains a first catalyst containing platinum and a second catalyst containing transition metal oxide. The first catalyst has catalytic activity higher than that of the second catalyst. A density of the first catalyst in the electrode catalyst layer is highest in a region including the first surface in the first portion. A maximum value of the density of the first catalyst in the second portion is smaller than a minimum value of the density of the first catalyst in the first portion.

Abstract: To provide such a medical tube that a position of a distal end part thereof is easily detectable from an outside of a body of a patient, regardless of orientation of the distal end part inserted into the body. A medical tube including: a main body part having a tubular shape; at least one opening formed in a side face of a main body part; and a light transmitting part formed at one end of the main body part, the light transmitting part having a hemispherical face shape, the light transmitting part being configured to emit light from a light source.

Abstract: A casing for gas including a first channel section through which gas flows and a second channel section intersecting with the first channel section, the first channel section having an intersecting part that intersects with the second channel section, the intersecting part being formed to have a rounded quadrangular cross section and having a flat part, the second channel section intersecting with the first channel section to open at the flat part.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a multilevel package substrate with first and second levels, the second level including a first trace layer with a first conductive trace feature, a conductive first via that contacts the first conductive trace feature, and a first dielectric layer, and the first level including a second trace layer with a stair shaped second conductive trace feature, the second conductive trace feature having a first portion with a first thickness, and a second portion, having a second thickness greater than the first thickness.