Abstract: A shovel loader (1) has a vehicle body frame (9), a travel device (5), a loader device (20), and a drive power generation section for generating drive power for making the travel device (5) travel. The vehicle body frame (9) has a pair of side frames (9a, 9a) arranged on both the left and right sides of the shovel loader (1). The loader device (20) is made up of a pair of lift arms (21,21) vertically swingably attached to the pair of side frames (9a, 9a) and of a bucket (29) vertically swingably attached to the forward end of the pair of lift arms (21,21). The drive power generation section has a pair of electric motors (71,71) for individually transmitting drive power to the pair of travel devices (5,5) and capable of being controlled independent of each other so that a vehicle (10) can be made to travel in a manner the left and right are independent of each other, and also has a battery (50) for supplying electric power to the electric motors (71,71).

Abstract: A method for dividing a wafer into a plurality of chips is provided. The method includes providing recesses in a surface of the wafer at positions along boundaries between regions to become the individual chips, providing fragile portions having a predetermined width inside the wafer at positions along the boundaries by irradiation of the other surface of the wafer with a laser beam whose condensing point is placed inside the wafer, the fragile portions including connected portions at least at one of the surfaces of the wafer, and dividing the wafer at the fragile portions into the individual chips by applying an external force to the wafer.

Abstract: A shovel loader (1) has a vehicle body frame (9), a travel device (5), a loader device (20), and a drive power generation section for generating drive power for making the travel device (5) travel. The vehicle body frame (9) has a pair of side frames (9a, 9a) arranged on both the left and right sides of the shovel loader (1). The loader device (20) is made up of a pair of lift arms (21,21) vertically swingably attached to the pair of side frames (9a, 9a) and of a bucket (29) vertically swingably attached to the forward end of the pair of lift arms (21,21). The drive power generation section has a pair of electric motors (71,71) for individually transmitting drive power to the pair of travel devices (5,5) and capable of being controlled independent of each other so that a vehicle (10) can be made to travel in a mariner the left and right are independent of each other, and also has a battery (50) for supplying electric power to the electric motors (71,71).

Abstract: A workpiece splitting method includes mounting a protection sheet on a first surface of a workpiece to transmit a first laser beam through the sheet and protect the first surface; forming a modified region by multiple photon absorption inside the workpiece by concentrating, inside the workpiece, the first laser beam applied to the workpiece from a first surface side of the workpiece and transmitted through the protection sheet; and removing, from the first surface, a part of the protection sheet positioned on a line of intersection between the first surface and a splitting plane formed on the workpiece when splitting the workpiece at a portion where the modified region is formed, so as to split the workpiece at the modified region-formed portion.

Abstract: A hydraulic damper includes a cylindrical tube, a first rod guide fitted close to one end of the cylindrical tube, a second rod guide fitted closer to the other end of the cylindrical tube, and a piston arranged to be axially slidable between the two rod guides. The piston partitions a space between the two rod guides into a first oil chamber and a second oil chamber. A main piston rod extends from the piston and penetrates the first rod guide. An auxiliary piston rod extends from the piston and penetrates the second rod guide. A pressurizer is arranged to pressurize hydraulic fluid filled in the first oil chamber and the second oil chamber. Damping force generators are arranged to generate a damping force by allowing the hydraulic fluid to flow between the two oil chambers. The main piston rod and the auxiliary piston rod have different diameters from each other. The hydraulic damper has a simple constitution and is capable of increased responsiveness.

Abstract: An electronic device comprising a power source, a piezoelectric actuator A, and a drive control apparatus 100 for controlling the driving of the piezoelectric actuator, wherein the drive control apparatus 100 is provided with a drive circuit 111 for supplying a drive signal SDR to the piezoelectric element of the vibrating body 12, a phase difference detection means 120 for detecting the phase difference indicating the vibration state of the vibrating body 12, a comparison voltage setting circuit 133 for correcting the target phase difference to be the target for the vibration state, and a drive frequency setting means 140 for comparing the phase difference with the target phase difference; and the piezoelectric actuator A can be driven with high efficiency independent of the drive voltage by modifying the drive frequency of the drive signal SDR so that the phase difference approaches the target phase difference based on the results of the above comparison.

Abstract: An electrically driven industrial vehicle comprising a revolving body (11) attached to a undercarriage (7) so as to be able to turn horizontally; a power shovel device (20) for receiving a hydraulic drive force and operating, the power shovel device being mounted on the revolving body (11); and a hydraulic drive force generating unit provided to the revolving body (11), for generating hydraulic drive force for operating the power shovel device (20). The hydraulic drive force generating unit has a hydraulic fluid tank (73) for storing hydraulic fluid; a hydraulic pump (14) for feeding the hydraulic fluid in the hydraulic fluid tank to the power shovel device (20); an electric motor (13) for driving the hydraulic pump; and a lithium ion battery (50) for feeding electrical drive power to the electric motor.

Abstract: A damper includes a cylinder tube having a first end connected to one portion of a member of an object for damping, and a fixing rod guide arranged to close a second end of the cylinder tube; a movable rod guide fitted on the first end of the cylinder tube; a main piston rod extending from the piston side, the piston fitted in the cylinder tube and passing through the fixing rod guide; a sub-piston rod extending on the piston side and passing through the movable rod guide; and a spring normally biasing the movable rod guide toward the piston. A damping force generation oil passage is arranged to connect first and second oil chambers in a cylinder tube defined by the piston. The number of parts of a through-rod type damper is reduced to simplify a construction thereof and to make the damper compact.

Abstract: A shock absorber includes a cylinder tube connected to one portion of a shock absorbing body, a main piston rod extending from a piston with its extension end being connected to another portion of the shock absorbing body, a sub piston rod extending from the piston, an oil chamber pressurizing device arranged to pressurize a hydraulic oil, and damping force generators arranged to generate a damping force by allowing the hydraulic oil to flow between first and second oil chambers. A sealed space for containing an extension end of the sub piston rod is provided. Gas having a pressure larger than atmospheric pressure and smaller than a pressure applied on the hydraulic oil by the oil chamber pressurizing device is filled in the sealed space.

Abstract: A generally diamond-shaped detection electrode is formed in the approximate center of the piezoelectric element. The strain resulting from the bending secondary vibration mode in the vicinity of the detection electrode is minimized because the detection electrode is formed in such a manner as to include a vibrational node of the longitudinal primary vibrational mode and a vibrational node of the bending secondary vibrational mode. As a result, when the phase difference between the drive signal and the detection signal is detected, the effect of vibration in the bending secondary vibration mode on the detected phase difference can be suppressed and a single drive frequency can be determined with respect to a prescribed phase difference. Thus, the drive performance of the vibrating body with respect to a driven body (i.e.

Abstract: A method of machining a substrate etches a substrate according to a predetermined length and depth from an intersection between a first predetermined dividing line and a second predetermined dividing line, which cross each other in a T-shaped line, along the second predetermined dividing line of the predetermined dividing lines being used to cut the substrate, and divides the substrate along the predetermined dividing lines which are not etched by laser machining.

Abstract: A shock absorber includes a cylinder tube connected to one portion of a shock absorbing body, a main piston rod extending from a piston with its extension end being connected to another portion of the shock absorbing body, a sub piston rod extending from the piston, an oil chamber pressurizing device arranged to pressurize a hydraulic oil, and damping force generators arranged to generate a damping force by allowing the hydraulic oil to flow between first and second oil chambers. A sealed space for containing an extension end of the sub piston rod is provided. Gas having a pressure larger than atmospheric pressure and smaller than a pressure applied on the hydraulic oil by the oil chamber pressurizing device is filled in the sealed space.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transducer that excites longitudinal vibration has a piezoelectric element, and a reinforcing member that is laminated with and affixed to the piezoelectric element and has a first void part. The first void part includes the center part of a location where strain produced by longitudinal vibration in the piezoelectric transducer or the reinforcing member or piezoelectric element is greatest.

Abstract: A method for dividing a wafer into a plurality of chips is provided. The method includes providing recesses in a surface of the wafer at positions along boundaries between regions to become the individual chips, providing fragile portions having a predetermined width inside the wafer at positions along the boundaries by irradiation of the other surface of the wafer with a laser beam whose condensing point is placed inside the wafer, the fragile portions including connected portions at least at one of the surfaces of the wafer, and dividing the wafer at the fragile portions into the individual chips by applying an external force to the wafer.

Abstract: The control circuit (131) causes drive frequency modification to be re-executed after returning the drive frequency to the prescribed drive frequency when the reduction rate of the power source voltage is higher than the standard reduction rate; specifically, when driving is being performed at a drive frequency whereby drive efficiency is poor and power consumption is high, or when the piezoelectric actuator A cannot start up for whatever reason. Therefore, since a startup failure or the like can be immediately determined based on the reduction rate of the power source voltage without a long time elapsing before the startup failure is detected, the time required for this determination can be shortened, the processing that is performed from the detection of an abnormality until optimization of the drive signal can be quickly executed, electrical power consumption can be reduced, and low-power operation can be ensured.

Abstract: An electronic device comprising a power source, a piezoelectric actuator A, and a drive control apparatus 100 for controlling the driving of the piezoelectric actuator, wherein the drive control apparatus 100 is provided with a drive circuit 111 for supplying a drive signal SDR to the piezoelectric element of the vibrating body 12, a phase difference detection means 120 for detecting the phase difference indicating the vibration state of the vibrating body 12, a comparison voltage setting circuit 133 for correcting the target phase difference to be the target for the vibration state, and a drive frequency setting means 140 for comparing the phase difference with the target phase difference; and the piezoelectric actuator A can be driven with high efficiency independent of the drive voltage by modifying the drive frequency of the drive signal SDR so that the phase difference approaches the target phase difference based on the results of the above comparison.

Abstract: A drive apparatus for a piezoelectric actuator prevents locking drive frequency in a state of resonance due to harmonics. There is no need to provide external components to filter, and circuitry can easily be reduced in size. The drive apparatus has a phase difference-DC conversion circuit to detect vibrating state of the vibrating body, a comparison circuit, a harmonics detection circuit to detect that the vibrating body is resonating due to harmonics and outputting a harmonics detection signal, an integration circuit to control the frequency of the drive signal supplied to the piezoelectric element of the vibrating body, a variable frequency oscillation circuit, and a drive circuit.

Abstract: A generally diamond-shaped detection electrode is formed in the approximate center of the piezoelectric element. The strain resulting from the bending secondary vibration mode in the vicinity of the detection electrode is minimized because the detection electrode is formed in such a manner as to include a vibrational node of the longitudinal primary vibrational mode and a vibrational node of the bending secondary vibrational mode. As a result when the phase difference between the drive signal and the detection signal is detected, the effect of vibration in the bending secondary vibration mode on the detected phase difference can be suppressed and a single drive frequency can be determined with respect to a prescribed phase difference. Thus, the drive performance of the vibrating body with respect to a driven body (i.e.

Abstract: A method of machining a substrate etches a substrate according to a predetermined length and depth from an intersection between a first predetermined dividing line and a second predetermined dividing line, which cross each other in a T-shaped line, along the second predetermined dividing line of the predetermined dividing lines being used to cut the substrate, and divides the substrate along the predetermined dividing lines which are not etched by laser machining.

Abstract: A drive apparatus for a piezoelectric actuator prevents locking drive frequency in a state of resonance due to harmonics. There is no need to provide external components to filter, and circuitry can easily be reduced in size. The drive apparatus has a phase difference-DC conversion circuit to detect vibrating state of the vibrating body, a comparison circuit, a harmonics detection circuit to detect that the vibrating body is resonating due to harmonics and outputting a harmonics detection signal, an integration circuit to control the frequency of the drive signal supplied to the piezoelectric element of the vibrating body, a variable frequency oscillation circuit, and a drive circuit.