Abstract: Aspects presented herein may enable a UE to identify whether images captured by the camera(s) of the UE are spoofed (e.g., are real images or false/manipulated/virtual images, etc.). In one aspect, a UE obtains a set of images associated with a vision-aided positioning session, where the set of images is captured using at least one first camera. The UE detects that at least one spoofing feature is present in the set of images during the vision-aided positioning session. The UE stores or outputs an indication of the at least one spoofing feature based on the at least one spoofing feature being present in the set of images. The UE performs the camera-aided positioning session based on at least one non-spoofing feature, where the at least one non-spoofing feature is different from the at least one spoofing feature.

Abstract: In some implementations, a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) device may obtain measurements where each comprises a respective unresolved ambiguity term. The GNSS device may perform a sequence of IAR procedures using the measurements, wherein performing the sequence of IAR procedures comprises: performing an initial IAR procedure using at least an initial subset of the measurements; performing a second IAR using a second subset of the measurements, wherein performing the second IAR procedure comprises applying one or more masks to the measurements to determine the second subset, and determining that the second IAR procedure resolved at least a threshold number of ambiguity terms. The GNSS device may determine a location estimate of the GNSS device based at least in part on the second IAR procedure.

Abstract: Aspects presented herein may improve the positioning accuracy and latency of a positioning engine that receives at least one position constraint for assisting the positioning. A wireless device obtains an indication of at least one position constraint for a positioning engine. The wireless device detects whether the at least one position constraint exceeds an error threshold based on a set of PR residuals between the wireless device and at least one satellite. The wireless device excludes the at least one position constraint from a calculation at the positioning engine if the at least one position constraint exceeds the error threshold, or includes the at least one position constraint in the calculation at the positioning engine if the at least one position constraint is below the error threshold.

Abstract: The apparatus may be a wireless device or wireless device component configured to obtain APC information for a plurality of frequencies associated with an antenna of the wireless device and measure a set of PS at each of the plurality of frequencies via the antenna. The apparatus may further be configured to identify a location and an orientation of the wireless device based on the APC information and the set of PS, and output an indication of the location and the orientation of the wireless device.

Abstract: Aspects concern a method for processing spatial data comprising the steps of: receiving a spatial data file from a spatial data source; generating a first tileset associated with the spatial data file, the first tileset comprising a plurality of tiles and corresponding identifiers; comparing the identifier of each of the plurality of tiles in the first tileset with an identifier of each tile in a second tileset to identify at least one duplicate; and merging the tiles identified to be duplicate tiles.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) may receive a set of reference signals (RSs) from a set of non-terrestrial network (NTN) nodes. The set of RSs may travel from the set of NTN nodes to the UE through a first portion of an atmosphere and a second portion of the atmosphere. The UE may measure the set of RSs. The UE may calculate, based on the measured set of RSs, a first set of atmospheric delays associated with the first portion of the atmosphere and a second set of atmospheric delays associated with the second portion of the atmosphere. The UE may calculate a location of the UE based on the measured set of RSs, the first set of atmospheric delays, and the second set of atmospheric delays. The UE may transmit the calculated location of the UE. The first portion may include an ionosphere. The second portion may include a troposphere.

Abstract: Techniques are described for supporting user equipment (UE) positioning in a non-terrestrial network (NTN). To allow calculating a position/location of a UE based on reference signal (RS) measurements to and from one satellite (or a terrestrial base station), a device may be configured to calculate a doppler measurement and a range measurement and report such measurements to be used by a location server to calculate a UE position. An example device may receive a first RS (with the first RS being one of a positioning reference signal (PRS) or a sounding reference signal (SRS)), receive a second RS associated with the first RS, calculate a doppler measurement based on one or both of the first RS or the second RS, and report the doppler measurement. The doppler measurement (such as a measured frequency offset) may be used by a location server to calculate a UE position on the earth surface.

Abstract: A UE positioning method includes: receiving, from first and second reference devices, first and second reference device measurements of first and second reference signals from first and second signal sources; receiving, at the UE, the first and second reference signals; determining first and second UE measurements of the first and second reference signals; determining a first position of the UE based on the first UE measurement of the first reference signal and the first reference device measurement of the first reference signal; determining a second position of the UE based on the second UE measurement of the second reference signal and the second reference device measurement of the second reference signal; and determining a third position of the UE based on the first position of the UE and the second position of the UE.

Abstract: A multipath condition detection method includes: determining a first signal quality value corresponding to a first wireless signal, of a first frequency and from a signal source, received by a receiver of a mobile device; determining a second signal quality value corresponding to a second wireless signal, of a second frequency that is different from the first frequency, received by the receiver; and determining whether at least one difference value, corresponding to the first signal quality value and the second signal quality value, is indicative of the mobile device being in a multipath condition with respect to the signal source.

Abstract: A global navigation satellite system (GNSS) device may receive GNSS correction data and may determine a respective standard deviation of pre-fit residuals of one or more GNSS measurement types of a set of GNSS measurements. The GNSS device may determine at least one conditional trigger is met based on a comparison of the respective standard deviation of pre-fit residuals of the one or more GNSS measurement types with a respective threshold, and, responsive to determining the at least one conditional trigger is met, may modify how a positioning engine processes one or more measurements of the set of GNSS measurements. The GNSS device may determine a position estimate of the GNSS device based at least in part on a result of the modified processing of the one or more measurements by the positioning engine and the GNSS correction data.

Abstract: An example method for updating GNSS error correction data for global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based positioning. The method performed by a server may comprise obtaining multiple GNSS measurements crowdsourced from one or more GNSS devices across a plurality of measurement epochs, determining GNSS measurement residuals using the multiple GNSS measurements and existing GNSS error correction data, and sending updated GNSS error correction data for GNSS-based positioning, wherein the updated GNSS error correction data is determined using the determined GNSS measurement residuals and the existing GNSS error correction data.

Abstract: Aspects presented herein may enable a UE to verify the integrity of map data, thereby improving the accuracy and safety of map-aiding positioning and/or map-based positioning. In one aspect, a UE performs a map-aiding positioning based on a first set of map data. The UE verifies whether an integrity of the first set of map data meets an accuracy threshold. The UE discards the first set of map data if the verification of the integrity of the first set of map data does not meet the accuracy threshold. For example, the UE may compare the first set of map data with a second set of map data from a different source, and identify the integrity of the first set of map data does not meet the accuracy threshold if the comparison shows an indication of inconsistency above a consistency threshold.

Abstract: Aspects concern a distributed computing system for generating vector tiles of a selected map area including a memory unit configured to store map data and a task database, the map data including a representation of the selected map area with a first resolution and a first detail level and with a second resolution higher than the first resolution and a second detail level; two or more processing units, each of the two or more processing units configured to select a task included in the task database, to execute the selected task, and to provide data generated by the selected task to the memory unit for storage; wherein one of the two or more processing units is further configured to schedule the generation of vector tiles by determining tasks using a specific predefined directed acyclic task graph and to provide the determined task to the task database.

Abstract: A method for wireless communication at a GNSS is described herein. The method includes obtaining a set of SSR error correction components associated with a set of SVs, where the set of SSR error correction components includes a first number of SSR error correction components that is less than a second number of SSR error correction components in a full set of SSR error correction components. The method includes generating, based on the set of SSR error correction components, (1) an OSR of GNSS measurements associated with the set of SVs and (2) an OSR uncertainty value for the OSR. The method includes computing, based on the OSR of the GNSS measurements and the OSR uncertainty value, a position of the GNSS wireless device. The method includes outputting an indication of the position of the GNSS wireless device.

Abstract: Aspects presented herein may enable a UE to improve (e.g., reduce) the convergence time for vision-aided positioning by enabling the UE to use images embedded with location information. In one aspect, a UE receives, from a reference device, a server, or a map, a list of visual features and a location for each visual feature in the list of visual features. The UE identifies at least one visual feature in an area via at least one camera, where the at least one visual feature is included in the list of visual features, where the area is within a threshold distance of the UE. The UE estimates a position of the UE based on the identified at least one visual feature in the area and the location corresponding to the at least one visual feature.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for positioning. In an aspect, a positioning entity determines an expiration time for applying correction data to positioning measurements of one or more transmission points (TPs), applies the correction data to one or more positioning measurements obtained by a user equipment (UE) of the one or more TPs before expiration of the expiration time to determine one or more corrected positioning measurements, and determines an estimate of a location of the UE based, at least in part, on the one or more corrected positioning measurements.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for utilizing reference signals transmitted by network stations to determine the orientation of a wireless node. An example method for determining an orientation of a user equipment includes determining a first location associated with the user equipment, determining a second location associated with a first wireless node, receiving, with the user equipment, a radio frequency signal transmitted from the first wireless node, determining two measurements based at least in part on the first location, the second location, and angle of arrival information associated with the radio frequency signal, determining a gravity vector based on inertial measurements obtained with the user equipment, and computing the orientation of the user equipment based at least in part on the gravity vector and the two measurements.

Abstract: A method for determining a tunnel exit of a user equipment, includes: determining a tunnel entry of the user equipment; determining that the user equipment is receiving signals from one or more satellite vehicles; determining whether one or more parameters based on the signals received by the user equipment indicate a line of sight between the user equipment and the one or more satellite vehicles; and determining no tunnel exit of the user equipment in response to determining that the one or more parameters indicate no line of sight between the user equipment and at least one of the one or more satellite vehicles.

Abstract: Techniques for global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based positioning of a mobile device based on antenna phase center compensation are disclosed. The techniques can include determining a phase center profile of a receiver antenna of the mobile device that is placed in a fixed-frame condition and executing an antenna phase center compensation procedure upon detecting placement of the mobile device in a non-fixed frame condition. The antenna phase center compensation procedure can include obtaining attitude information of the mobile device based at least in part on sensor data obtained from one or more sensors of the mobile device, and incorporating the attitude information of the mobile device into the phase center profile of the receiver antenna of the mobile device. A global navigation satellite system-based positioning operation may be executed that includes antenna phase center compensation based at least in part on incorporating the attitude information into the phase center profile.

Abstract: Aspects presented herein may improve/enhance camera-aided/assisted positioning by utilizing light and shadow created by an artificial light. In one aspect, a UE captures a set of images of an object using at least one camera. The UE estimates a direction of at least one light source based on a shadow of the object in the set of images, wherein the shadow of the object is created by the at least one light source. The UE calculates at least one of (1) a distance (d) between the at least one camera and a set of first features associated with the object based on the estimated direction of the at least one light source or (2) directional information of a set of second features associated with a surrounding environment that is within a threshold distance of the object.